In the history of the Three Kingdoms, there is an interesting phenomenon. For example, Jiang Wei, Wang Ping, and Xiahou Ba, who did not originally belong to the generals of the Shu Han regime. However, after they surrendered to shu han, they were loyal to the shu state. When Wang Ping was guarding the street pavilion, the image of Zhongyong had already been displayed. Xiahou Ba has also always been very loyal. Jiang Wei's loyalty and courage have been universally praised by future generations. Even though Liu Chan had surrendered, he was still seeking to restore the country, provoking Zhong Hui to rebel, and wanted to take the opportunity to confuse Cao Wei's army and achieve the purpose of restoring the country.
(Jiang Wei)
Then, why were these generals loyal to Shu Han, no matter where they came from, after they arrived in Shu Han?
I think, first of all, because the Shu Han attached great importance to and reused these generals who surrendered.
Wang Ping was originally an acting lieutenant. However, after surrendering to Liu Bei, Liu Bei immediately made him a tooth gate general and a general of Qi, changing from a "lieutenant" to a "general". After guarding the street pavilion, he was even given the title of Marquis of the Pavilion, and Zhuge Liang let him be alone.
After Xiahou Ba surrendered to Shu Han, he was also affirmed and valued by Jiang Wei, the supreme commander of Shu Han at that time. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Wei even regarded Xiahou Ba as his deputy. Although the Records of the Three Kingdoms and other canonical histories record Xiahou Ba very briefly, in the end even his whereabouts are not explained. However, Xiahou Ba's high affirmation and attention to Jiang Wei was certain.
Not to mention Jiang Wei, as a person who surrendered, he finally became a supreme commander and had the same status as Zhuge Liang. It can be seen that Shu Han attached great importance to him.
(Zhuge Liang)
So, why did shu Han trust these generals who surrendered so much?
The fundamental reason is that there is a real shortage of talents in Shu Han.
Why is there a shortage of talents in Shu Han? Some scholars believe. This is because Zhuge Liang does things, does everything in detail, and manages too much, so he lacks the cultivation of talents.
In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Zhuge Liang did do things cautiously and managed more carefully. However, he could not do everything. There are also a lot of things that need to be done by others. Moreover, Zhuge Liang himself was not a military master, and he was not very good at fighting wars. In fact, this is exactly the opportunity for talent to stand out.
To say that Zhuge Liang does not attach importance to the cultivation of talents is even more wrong. Isn't Jiang Wei a talent that Zhuge Liang has tried so hard to cultivate? Wang Ping performed well in the street pavilion, and Zhuge Liang immediately made him a marquis and left him alone. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang has actually made great efforts in cultivating talents.
(Emperor Xian of Han)
So, why is there a shortage of talents in Shu Han?
This is because during the Three Kingdoms period at that time, the political, economic and cultural centers were all in the Central Plains. As a result, the Central Plains region has also cultivated a large number of talents. The talents located in the Jiangnan region and the Bashu region are obviously relatively few.
In addition to the fact that there are very few talents themselves, there is also the problem of the people's hearts and minds of talents.
Although Liu Bei has always regarded himself as authentic, he has always held the banner of being a descendant of Liu Hanzong. However, at that time, the Tianzi Han Xiandi was in the Central Plains after all. Although Cao Wei later replaced Liu Han, this was also given to Cao Pi by Emperor Xian of Han. Even if this Zen concession was false, the people at that time could only take the regime in the Central Plains as the authentic regime. Because the regime in the Central Plains is the authentic regime, people will go there.
We once heard a saying: "There is no general in Shu, Liao is a pioneer." This is indeed a portrayal of the lack of talents in the Shu Han Dynasty.
There are few talents in Shushan, so they attach great importance to talents from all over the world.
(Liu Bei)
Of course, the Shu Han valued talents, which did not mean that these talents were very loyal, this could only be a foundation. The talents who surrendered to the Shu Han were still very loyal in the end, and I think the most important reason is because within the Shu Han, there is a positive and upward culture and a relatively healthy political ecology.
Although Chen Shou was a native of the Shu kingdom, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms he wrote had an element of safeguarding the Shu kingdom. However, it has to be said that within the Shu Kingdom, there is indeed a positive culture and a healthy political ecology. Liu Bei was originally a foreigner, but he was able to take root in Shu Han, and he could also get the support of the Shu Han people, and the scholars and haoqiang at that time all joined Liu Bei's clique, but they were not very interested in Liu Zhang, as a native, it can be seen that the political ecology brought by Liu Bei was indeed welcome.
In fact, when a group is in the initial stage, the political ecology is still relatively healthy. When Cao Cao was fighting in the southern and northern wars, his advisers and generals were also very pure, and there were not too many intrigues. However, after Cao Cao's death, the political ecology changed, and the courtiers conspired to fight each other, and constantly put on coups.
Why did Cao Wei's political ecology deteriorate? The main reason was that the leader's ability was limited, and at the same time, he experienced the two regime changes of Cao Wei And the Sima family preparing to replace Cao Wei.
And shu han is different. There was no regime change in the Shu Han Dynasty. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang was relatively upright and selfless, and never tried to replace the Shu Han regime. Therefore, there were not many intrigues among the ministers in the imperial court, and the political ecology was very good. Therefore, the generals who surrendered to Shu Han felt that they had a future and were in a happy mood, so they were more loyal to Shu Han.
(Reference: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc.)