Text/Old Feng Wudao
The historical record of the Communist Party of China began as early as "Southern Chen Bei Li, rendezvous to build the Party." This was a groundbreaking event after the famous May Fourth Movement of the last century.
In August 1920, the Shanghai Communist Group was established, and Chen Duxiu served as secretary. In October, Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao, and Zhang Shenfu officially became the Beijing Communist Group in Li Dazhao's office. After the establishment of the two communist groups, in order to determine the name of the party, Chen Duxiu in Shanghai specially wrote a letter to Li Dazhao and Zhang Shenfu, whether to call them "Socialist Party" or "Communist Party".
According to Zhang Shenfu's recollection: "I studied with Shou Chang and called it the Communist Party. "That is what the Third International means, and we wrote back." In this way, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao jointly determined the name "Communist Party."
What is the relationship and connection between "communism" and "the meaning of the Third International"? Brushing aside the smoke and clouds of history, we can feel more clearly that the founding of the Communist Party of China benefited from the guidance and funding of the Communist International, and that without or without the guidance and funding of the Communist International, the establishment of the Communist Party of China will have to wait for a considerable period. The "Third International" referred to by Zhang Shenfu, also known as the Comintern, was an international organization of communist parties and communist organizations founded on March 26, 1919 under lenin's leadership, headquartered in Moscow, Soviet Union.
The Communist International is the leading organ of the world communist movement actively advocated, organized and presided over by the Russian Bolshevik Party headed by Lenin after the victory of the October Revolution in Russia; while guiding the proletarian parties in Europe and the United States in their revolutionary struggles, it also pays close attention to the revolutionary movements in China and other Asian countries. In the spring of 1920, the Comintern approved the establishment of the Far East Bureau of the Russian Communist Party, and in accordance with the influence and current situation of the May Fourth Movement in China, decided to send a delegation to China, the mission of which was to "establish contacts with the revolutionary organizations in China." The head of the delegation, or plenipotentiary, was Vyshinsky, and his main task in leading the delegation was to understand the development of the revolutionary movement in China after the May Fourth Movement and whether there were conditions for the establishment of Communist Party organizations.
Vyjingsky is a Russian whose full name is Gregory Naumovich Vyshinsky, also known as Charkin, and the Chinese name in China is Wu Tingkang. Born on April 5, 1893 in Nevre, Vichebsk Oblast, Russia, his father was an administrator of a forest factory, and after graduating from high school, he worked as a typist in a printing house, and at the age of 20, he went to the United States to earn a living, and his experience in the United States provided him with convenient conditions for him to become an activist in the international community. Hearing the news of the victory of the October Revolution, he immediately returned to China to join the Russian Communist Party in Vladivostok and was ordered to participate in underground work. In May 1919, he was arrested by the White Bandits and imprisoned, but after a successful riot, he was freed. In January 1920, Vyjingsky joined the Ministry of Eastern Nationalities of the Communist Party of Russia, and the Far East Bureau of the Russian Communist Party selected him when sending a delegation to China.
At the age of 27, Vyshinsky was medium-sized, mild-mannered, knowledgeable, and had experienced severe life and death tests, had underground work experience, and was fluent in English to facilitate work abroad. In April 1920, Vyshinsky led a delegation to China. The delegation consisted of three men and two women, Vyjingsky and his wife Kuznetsova, Mamayev, who served as his secretary, and his wife Mamaeva, as well as the translator Yang Mingzhai . They first went to Beijing, living in a foreign apartment not far from the most prosperous Wangfujing Street, and after a few days of visiting, they were particularly interested in "Southern Chen and Northern Li", and Chen Duxiu had already gone to Shanghai. Vyshinsky was introduced by a friend and went to Peking University to visit Li Dazhao, director of the library.
It was the first official contact between Russian emissaries and Li Dazhao, a leading figure in the Chinese communist movement. The 31-year-old Li Dazhao, who is 4 years older than Vyjingsky, had a pleasant conversation and quickly reached a consensus that "China should have an organization like the Russian Communist Party," which coincided with the desire of "Southern Chen and Northern Li" to build the party. First of all, we should thank Vyshinsky, a passionate revolutionary, who came to China preparedly, held forums to understand the actual situation in China, talked individually about the Chinese revolution, took the initiative to introduce the experience of the victory of the October Revolution, and conveyed confidence in the Chinese revolution, which greatly encouraged and inspired the revolutionary enthusiasm of Chinese intellectuals, especially communists.
Li Dazhao, who had great trust in the young and experienced international fighter, told Vyshinsky that to understand the communist movement in China, he must not go to Shanghai to visit Mr. Chen Duxiu, the founder and editor-in-chief of New Youth magazine. He also wrote a handwritten letter to Vyshinsky as a letter of introduction to Chen Duxiu.
After Vyshinsky arrived in Shanghai, Chen Duxiu received them very warmly, the delegation of the Comintern. Chen Duxiu, who was living at No. 2 Laoyuyangli, Huanlong Road, French Concession, Shanghai, and the editor-in-chief of the magazine "New Youth", had become a socialist propagandist with great influence and continued to firmly engage in revolutionary activities. At this time, Chen Duxiu did not talk emptyly, he had the intention of building the party, and the arrival of Vyjingsky made him overjoyed, and the two of them saw each other as they were, talked many times at length, and repeatedly exchanged views. On the basis of what he saw and heard and what he understood on the ground, Vyjingsky believed that China already had the conditions for establishing a Communist Party, and suggested that Chen Duxiu pay close attention to organizing the communist party, and Chen Duxiu decided to immediately initiate the organization of the Communist Party of China.
A month later, in May 1920, with the help of Vyshinsky, Chen Duxiu actively launched the party's founding activities. At the end of that year, he went to Guangzhou for activities. At the beginning of 1921, he received a secret order to return to China to take up his post, and after leaving Guangzhou, he went through Shanghai to Beijing, from the north to the south, from the south to the north, and then back to the north, he sowed the seeds of communism all the way, and very successfully fulfilled the mission assigned to him by the Far East Bureau of the Russian Communist Party to "establish contact with the revolutionary organizations in China" and "organize the official Communist Party of China and the Youth League."
Zhang Guotao, a witness at the time, described in his memoirs that Vyshinsky was able to establish a close relationship with the Chinese Communists for many reasons, and he was full of youthful enthusiasm and echoed the smell of the new Chinese figures after May Fourth. He also commented that Vyshinsky was "the first bridge between the Russian Revolution and the Chinese revolutionary movement." ”
Under the guidance and financial support of the Comintern, the Chinese Communists and the rudimentary organizations they had established were quickly united, and on July 23, 1921, representatives of the communist groups from all over the world gathered in a two-story brick and wood building at No. 106 Wangzhi Road in Shanghai, opening an epoch-making scene in China's modern history, and just as Vyjingsky had hoped: the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, the Communist Party of China was formally established, and the Communist International was quickly joined as a branch of it.
In the years that followed, Vyjingsky came to China six times to communicate the links between the Communist International and the Communist Party of China, was the first person the Communist International to help establish the Communist Party of China, was also a bridge between the Communist International and the Communist Party of China, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of the Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China.