War scenes
In the fourteenth year of ming orthodoxy, hundreds of thousands of Ming troops were wiped out in The Tumu Fort, countless heavy grain and grass were damaged, and the town of Zhuqi of The Ming Dynasty was also tied up as a "meat ticket" by the Mongolian Wallachians.
Zhu Qiyu, the prince of the temporary superintendent of the state, met with his courtiers at noon, and the officials went up to impeach Wang Zhen and instigate Emperor Yingzong's personal conquest, misleading the king and misleading the country. Before the impeachment papers had been read, the weeping of sorrow among the ministers on their knees rose again and intensified. Zhu Qiyu was a little irritated, and signaled the Middle Palace to let the group of ministers withdraw first, and no one in the hall got up.
Jinyi Wei commanded Ma Shun to step forward and loudly reprimanded the courtiers for being disrespectful and disrespectful and disobeying the orders of the King. As soon as the words fell, an official in his thirties suddenly burst into flames, rushed to Ma Shun's side, grabbed his hair and shouted loudly, and as the official's expression became more and more vicious, he opened his mouth and bit Ma Shun's cheek in the midst of the crowd's exclamation. This move instantly ignited the suppressed anger of the courtiers, and more and more courtiers pounced on Ma Shun.
imperial palace
This scene is the "Noon gate blood case" in history, Ma Shun, as the eunuch Wang Zhen's Yu Dang, undoubtedly became the object of the group of courtiers to vent, and was beaten to death in front of Zhu Qiyu. The official who took the lead was Hóng, who was then in charge of the household department.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="23" > to kill the future, and the small officials to the local officials at the end</h1>
Wang Zhu (王竑), courtesy name Gongdu (公度), was born in Jiangxia, Hubei Province, with military household registration in Hezhou, Gansu, and was a famous courtier of the three emperors and four dynasties of Lishi Zhengtong, Jingtai, Tianshun, and Chenghua, and finally with the post of Shangshu of bingbu, and was a famous courtier in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
Dare to tear the head of the Daming secret service in front of the "regent" and the group of courtiers, and have to admit that he is a fierce man. Indeed, in Wang Zhu's personality, there has always been such a label as integrity, boldness, and courage to do things. These excellent qualities have enabled him to make great achievements and be admired in many fields such as resisting foreign humiliation, dredging up water transport, relieving disasters and rescuing the people, advising the king, and rectifying military affairs. But at the same time, because of his excessive rigidity and easy folding, Wang Hu seemed out of place in a complex political environment, and finally he was abandoned and idle for twenty years. The so-called success is also Xiao He, and defeat is also Xiao He.
Born in the tenth year of Yongle, Wang Hu was said to have been a general in the water army of the Yuan Dynasty, who surrendered to the account of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and was later assigned to Shubian in Hezhou for committing crimes. We can be sure that Wang Hu was already a naturalized military household in Hezhou when he was born.
Wang Zhu like
Although his father Wang Zuo was a soldier, he was close to the literati of Hezhou, many of whom were also assigned to this place and had high cultural attainments. Upon hearing this, Wang Zuo developed a keen interest in Confucianism, and is said to have attained great success later. Hezhou is located in the northwest frontier, with mixed ethnic groups and difficult conditions, which has also cultivated Wang Hu's resolute character and strong interest in the military.
Orthodox four years, Wang Zhu high school jinshi, the second class thirty. This result is actually good, although it may not be able to enter the Hanlin Academy and become a Shu Jishi, but there is not much problem in staying in the Beijing Division. However, we were surprised to find that in the historical records, Wang Hu was not awarded the Huke Zhizhong until the eleventh year of orthodoxy, and there was a gap of seven years in between.
This phenomenon is interesting. Because of the system? The observance system can generally be removed in less than three years; because of the internship of political observation? Never heard of a seven-year internship; because of the lack of supplements and so on? It took seven years for people to come out as officials, so this second-class soldier is also too worthless, and this is a dereliction of duty.
Ming Dynasty official
My personal estimation is that it may be that before the eleventh year of orthodoxy, Wang Hu also served in other departments, because he was also a grassroots official at the end, and there was no difference between the rank and the matter, so the history books began to record directly from the eleventh year of orthodoxy. And to give the matter is also a speech official, holding the responsibility of the wind and constitution, this image is very much in line with Wang Zhen's "big fight" against Wang Zhenyu's party in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy.
In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, after Wang Hu and his courtiers killed Ma Shun and his other two Wang Zhenyu parties, Zhu Qiyu, the king of Qi, was pressured to carry out a political purge of Wang Zhen's faction, of course, from the later situation, this purging was not complete.
After that, Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne and changed the year to Jingtai, that is, Emperor Ming of the Ming Dynasty. Yu Qian took over the defense of the Beijing Division in an all-round way, actively prepared for the war, and finally taught a harsh lesson in the "Beijing Defense War" and regained the national prestige of Daming.
During this period, Wang Hu was very active.
Yu Qian
Emperor Daizong promoted Wang Zhen (竑) as the Imperial Governor of the Imperial Household , assisting Yu Qian in rectifying the defense and guarding the Imperial Division. During the battle, Wang Hun dispatched troops and trained troops, supervised the battles during the battle, and personally led the army to support the Zhangyi Gate; when the Wallachian army retreated, Wang Hu was ordered to pursue the remnants of the enemy and fought a victorious battle at Qigou; later stationed at Juyongguan, repaired the fortifications, straightened out the defenders, and boosted morale.
His promotion from a small matter to the position of Yu Du Yushi (正四品) was also due to his earth-shattering move at noon, when Wang Zhu once became a prominent figure in the government and the public, and the officials who hated Wang Zhen to the bone all respected him. During the "Beijing Defense War", Wang Hu's work ability and military accomplishment were also recognized by Yu Qian and others, which can be described as hard work and achievements. Wang Hu used his own fortitude to fight for himself the first pot of gold in his career.
In August of the first year of Jingtai, Wang Hu left Juyongguan due to illness and returned to Beijing to recuperate. In the autumn, Emperor Yingzong hunted back to the dynasty. In the winter, the courtiers elected Wang Zhu as the governor of Caoyun. Soon, due to the blockage of the canal from Xuzhou to Tongzhou, the imperial court also asked Wang Hu to manage the river and dredge the canal.
Emperor Ming Dynasty Zhu Qiyu
In the second year of Jingtai, on the basis of the governor Caoyun and dredging the river, Wang Hu also served as the governor of Huai'an, Yangzhou, and Luzhou, as well as xuzhou and hezhou. In the following year, he was also the inspector of Fengyang and Chuzhou's second capital, and also managed the two Huai salt classes.
Therefore, in the third year of Jingtai, Wang Hu became the first official in the history of the Ming Dynasty to serve as both the general and the local inspector, and in addition to having no military power, he had almost all the administrative power of the locality.
Before the Jingtai year, because of the use of troops by Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Chengzu Zhu Di against northern Mongolia, coupled with the logistical needs of moving the capital to Beijing during the Yongle period, the officials in charge of Caoyun were generally military generals. After the "civil change", out of the need to defend the Beijing Division, a large number of local garrison troops went north to serve the king, and the military generals stayed in the north, and the water transport work was once run by soldiers for the people's movement. The efficiency of the pro-democracy movement is far lower than that of the military movement, and a large number of smuggling activities have been derived. At the same time, after fourteen years of orthodoxy, the status of the meritorious military generals of the Ming Dynasty was greatly reduced, and the voice of civilian officials in military and political affairs became higher and higher. When the contemporary emperor was distressed by the low efficiency of caoyun and the logistical difficulties of the capital division, the Qunchen pushed Wang Zhu out. It also ushered in the era of Cao Yun, the viceroy of Wenchen.
Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
This was the historical trend of civilian officials ruling the country, and it was also determined by Wang Zhu's own characteristics as a civilian official but also familiar with the military, and Wang Zhu was in a hot period at that time. In just over two years, Wang Chi went from a petty official at the end of his rank to a political rising star in the spotlight of the imperial court, with a high position of authority.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="73" > save people from water and fire, and the fierce man has his own method of life</h1>
Later scholars paid much more attention to Wang Hu's supervision than he did to kill Ma Shun, defend the Jingshi, and so on, which was not without reason. Because from the position of Caoyun Supervisor, from the political system, you can write a lot of content in a big way. At the same time, during Wang Hu's tenure, serious natural disasters broke out in Jianghuai and other places, and Wang Hu stood up for the first time to rescue the disaster and save countless people, and this feat has been remembered by future generations.
When I began, I said that Wang Hu was brave in his duties, able to take responsibility, and bold and unusual. And this excellent trait was vividly expressed in Wang Hu's disaster relief.
At that time, a flood broke out in Jiangbei, according to Wang Hushangshu's description: ... Heavy waters washed away military and civilian huts, drifted livestock production and agricultural tools, flooded wheat fields, and the people lacked food. In fact, Wang Hu still said euphemistically, several consecutive floods, a zealous country in the north of the jiangsu, the area affected by the disaster, the number of people affected, in the Ming Dynasty, this disaster-prone dynasty, is also rare. And Wang Hu reacted at the first time.
flood
Opening warehouses and releasing grain, exempting taxes, atonement for sins, reducing official salaries, setting up factories for porridge, raising funds and collecting rice... These seemingly very common disaster relief measures have a different flavor when they are implemented in Wang Zhu.
There was no problem in opening a warehouse and releasing grain, and Wang Hu, as a local inspector and supervising the salt department, could have inquired about the grain tax. However, the granaries of the local government generally lacked grain, and only the transshipment granaries prepared for the Beijing division still had a relatively large surplus. But this kind of granary is not said to be opened, and Wang Hu does not have this authority, if there is no nod from the imperial court and open the warehouse without authorization, it is a capital offense.
At that time, the chief officer of this granary refused to open the warehouse, and Wang Zhu came up with a death sentence, saying that if you did not open the warehouse and caused the people to starve to death, or even a people's rebellion, I would kill you first, and then I would ask the imperial court to commit suicide. The granary chief looked at this cruel man who dared to kill Ma Shun, and felt that he had really done such a thing, so he had to agree to open the warehouse and release the grain.
There is also the nano atonement.
refugee
In fact, it is to let the criminals pay for food, pay a certain amount, you can offset the punishment, so that you can quickly raise disaster relief materials. This is a clear price, the capital is eighty-three stones, the army for three years is sixty stones, and the staff is responsible for thirteen stones. In fact, there is a precedent for this kind of disaster relief method, but Wang Hu has creatively developed a set of "sending millet to study in prison", to put it bluntly, it is to openly sell the quota for entering the Guozi Prison to study. Spending money to enter the mouth of the Guozi Prison was opened at this time.
Wang Zhu made full use of the resources of the canal, and during the disaster relief period, all merchant ships passing through the canal must pay a certain amount of disaster relief rice grain according to the size of the ship's cargo before they can be released. This is a disguised "temporary tax" to increase income, and the effect is obvious, because the victims need to cross the river and are often crowded along the coast, which makes the rice grain for disaster relief immediately reach the hands of the victims. However, this kind of temporary tax increase means that ordinary people really dare not do.
All these kinds, traditional non-traditional, normal and abnormal, all kinds of disaster relief measures Wang Hu used more than ten kinds, the effect is outstanding.
Myodai City
According to the data collected by historical materials from all sides, Wang Hu responded to various natural disasters from the second year of Jingtai to the fifth year of Jingtai, and the total relief of disaster victims reached about two million people. This number is true and credible, and this alone is enough for Wang's historical contribution to make him famous in history.
In the fourth year of Jingtai, Wang Hu was promoted to the position of imperial envoy of the left deputy capital of the Duchayuan for his merits. In my opinion, this experience of Wang Hu as an overseer is the highest moment of his life, the trust of the courtiers, the emperor relies heavily, and he can make achievements in the local area, there are many less deceitful people above the temple, and there is more room for Wang Hu to let go. However, the one who should come cannot be hidden after all.
In the eighth year of Jingtai, the "Change of Seizing the Gate" broke out, and Yingzong, who was under house arrest in the Nangong, launched an armed coup d'état, restored the throne, and changed the year of Tianshun. Emperor Yingzong came back to power and overthrew many of the previous measures and regulations of his younger brother Daizong, which was due to the legitimacy of the government and a political reckoning with Daizong. One of them was the abolition of the inspectorate, and Wang Hu was reappointed to zhejiang to participate in politics. However, only a few days later, because of the impeachment of the Yan officials, Wang Hu was immediately deposed.
Ming Yingzong Zhu Qi Town
In the fifth year of Tianshun, due to Li Xian's strong protection, Emperor Yingzong reinstated Wang Hu and became a deputy envoy, participating in the military campaign against the Mongols.
In the sixth year of Tianshun, the system of inspectors was restored, and Wang Hu was appointed as the governor of Caoyun and the governor of Huai and Yang.
In the eighth year of Tianshun, Emperor Yingzong died, and the crown prince Zhu Jianshen succeeded to the throne and changed the year to Chenghua, that is, Ming Xianzong. At this time, Wang Zhu was promoted by Xinjun to the rank of Bingbu Shangshu.
However, in just a year, Wang Hu returned to his hometown, and Wang Hu's career also came to an end, and he never came out again.
After the restoration of Emperor Yingzong, Wang Hu only served as an official for a short period of four years, and his position was transferred many times, which was not without reason.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="74" > just easy to fold, the emperor only needs to be obedient</h1>
Would a person with such a personality as Wang Zhu please the emperor? The answer is no. From the fact that he was above the court and took the lead in doing something to Ma Shun, it was doomed that Wang Hu would not go too far in his career.
Feudal dynasties pay the most attention to life? It is order, it is humility. Although Zhu Qizhen was still only a prisoner of the state at that time, Wang Hu's act of beating Ma Shun was undoubtedly deviant and contrary to order. If it had not been for the group beating incident in which the courtiers participated later, I dare say that Wang Hu would have absolutely been unable to escape death. But it is one thing for the law not to blame the people, and it is another thing for the emperor to have a grudge.
Take Wang's rapidly rising Jingdongnian, for example.
After Wang Hun and his colleagues killed Ma Shun, Emperor Daizong tried to flee the scene for a while, but Wang Hu and his men chased after Emperor Daizong and demanded that Emperor Daizong punish the other two Wang Zhen henchmen. Emperor Daizong had no choice but to have these two people find them, and they were beaten to death by Wang Zhu. If you were a daizong, what would you think at the time? Isn't this a kind of "forced palace"?
After the "Defense of Beijing", the situation was slightly settled, and the local town eunuchs impeached Wang Hu, accusing him of killing Ma Shun and others without authorization and disobeying the law. There was no mistake in this impeachment in principle, but because Emperor Daizong had just ascended the throne, the throne was not fixed, and he was in urgent need of the support of courtiers, coupled with Wang Hu's outstanding performance during the defense of the Beijing Division, he hit a haha past, saying that this matter should not be mentioned later, and everyone was well-intentioned.
In the second year of Jingtai, Shang Baosi could not find Ma Shun's tooth plate, so Ma Shun's son asked Emperor Daizong to hand over the tooth plate, and Emperor Daizong granted it. This Grace Zhun was actually very strange, on the surface, Emperor Daizong also felt that it might be that Wang Chun had taken Ma Shun's tooth card in the chaos, but in fact, it was disgusting Wang Zhun. It has been a year since the incident, and Shang Baosi suddenly mentioned the matter of the tooth card at this time, which was obviously uneasy and kind. From this point of view, it can be seen that Wang Hu offended the eunuch group, and Emperor Daizong's previous purge of Wang Zhenyu's party was not thorough, and the later "change of seizing the door" can also support this point.
Ming Dynasty eunuch image
Now think about it, in the Jingtai year when all officials received dividends, although Wang Hu's official position was rapidly promoted, why did he serve in the local government for several years? Can't it be that Emperor Daizong's eyes are not pure for Wang Zhen?
It should be known that when Wang Hu was in Jianghuai to relieve the disaster, he also constantly went to Emperor Daizong, asking the emperor to be far from a small person, close to a virtuous subject, not to be arrogant and lascivious, to always be self-disciplined, self-examination, and finally forced Emperor Daizong to issue an edict similar to "sin against himself". Although it is because there are visions in the sky, although it is because of frequent floods, but Wang Zhu you are so busy with disaster relief, the emperor also cooperates with you vigorously, and you still resign from the official's set of words to "educate" the emperor, I can only feel that Emperor Daizong's temper is really good.
When Emperor Yingzong came back to power, it was even more normal to have to complete Wang Zhen. In the final analysis, Wang Zhen is firmly on the opposite side of Wang Zhen. Who is Wang Zhen? The "big companion" that Yingzong single-handedly supported was the core figure of Yingzong's power-grabbing team after he became an adult, and beating Ma Shun was beating Wang Zhen, and beating Wang Zhen was beating Yingzong.
Zhu Qizhen Stills
In The eyes of Emperor Yingzong, this official who rose to the throne during the Jingtai period by beating Ma Shun was a die-hard fan of Emperor Daizong, and there was a serious problem of political tendencies, and it was bound to not be reused. Only later, with the solidification of his throne, with the loss of power of the "Change of The Door" meritorious trio (Xu Youzhen, Shi Heng, and Cao Jixiang), Yingzong re-strengthened the cooperation of the former bureaucratic clique, which gradually let go of his guard against Wang Hu, not to mention Wang Hu's previous reputation in the official arena and the people, which was really good.
After Emperor Yingzong's death, Wang Hu made a military shangshu, which was a consideration of the balance of the official field by the new emperor Xianzong. The first is to balance the imbalance between the north and the south in the DPRK, and the second is to form its own ruling team.
However, judging from Wang Hu's resume, except for when he was doing household affairs, most of his time was spent as a foreigner and a local official, and he had no experience in handling the complex political relations of the central government. Coupled with Wang Hu's straight nature, he did everything vigorously, did not know how to be sleek and flexible, and even ignored some of them, which was bound to make him feel like he was bleeding.
Judging from the situation at that time, When Wang Hu was in charge of the military department, he raised his talents, managed the troops, calmed down chaos, strictly enforced the law, and opposed corruption. But Wang Hu always wanted to eat a fat man in one breath, for example, when recommending Han Yong, he often did not choose his words and made a big fuss. When promoting his own political views, when he encountered a slight obstruction, he threatened to resign his official position and was forced to exercise his will. Once or twice, everyone understands Wang's character, but every time it is like this, human feelings are going to be sold out.
Emperor Xianzong also regretted his talents, and at the beginning, Because Wang Hu was frustrated, he said that he wanted to cause Shi because of illness, and Emperor Xianzong had been sending a doctor to recuperate him, without mentioning the matter of Zhi Shi. But Wang Hu was stubborn, repeatedly mentioned, kicked back and forth, the two sides tugged for several months, and finally exhausted Xianzong's patience and approved Wang Hu's zhishi. Is this too much to give Xian Zong face? We can't always say that Xian Zong is not righteous.
From the early days of Tianshun to the period when Wang Hu was deposed in the fifth year of Tianshun, and after Wang Zhu zhishi in the first year of Chenghua, from the central to the local level, there were as many as a hundred letters about asking the imperial court to reactivate Wang Zhu, but this pair of father and son emperors did not take a stance, and sometimes they would get angry when they were in a hurry, and teach the officials who were sloppy. Isn't that worth pondering?
Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen
After twenty years at home, Wang Zhu lived in simplicity and died in the first year of Hongzhi at the age of seventy-five.
A letter of pilgrimage to the Ninth Heaven, the sunset of chaozhou road eight thousand. If you want to remove the evils of the saints, ken will decay and waste years!
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="86" > conclusion</h1>
As a famous courtier in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Hu can be regarded as a relatively special existence in the history of the Ming Dynasty. If the so-called "Noon gate blood case" is really as described in the history books, then Wang Hu can be called one of the most ruthless people in the Ming Dynasty, and in the feudal era when the concept of dignity and inferiority was carved into the bones and blood, those who dared to come out in such a way, looking at the entire history, I am afraid that they will not be able to find the second one.
Because he guarded the Beijing Division, managed the river, and helped the victims of disasters, Wang Zhu made his own contribution in history, which is worth remembering. At the same time, he was also an outstanding poet and a good literary achievement. But because of his honesty and fortitude, he was unwilling to easily merge with the situation, and finally retreated from the rapids and retired to the countryside. There is no need to sigh for Wang Zhu's later situation, in my opinion, if you can continue to shine in the place, it is the best, if not, then stay away from the court, be alone, and follow the perseverance of the heart. Doing what you want is not a kind of self-protection.
A view of the Forbidden City
Talk about the family, talk to relieve boredom.
Asahi Twilight, exclusive original.