It was painted on May 2, 1943 in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province
Mass leaders; national heroes
In 1943, Zhidan County built the "Zhidan Mausoleum" for the martyr Liu Zhidan outside the north gate of the city, and Mao Zedong wrote a joint portrait with reverence and remembrance, and gave a high evaluation to the martyr Liu Zhidan.
Liu Zhidan
This joint recording is from the Chronicle of Mao Zedong's Inscriptions and Synonyms edited by Yang Qingwang, p. 42 of the April 2001 edition of the Central Literature (the original is stored in the Zhidan Martyrs' Cemetery); it is also found in the "Biography of The Characters of the History of the Communist Party of China" compiled by the Chinese Communist Party History Figures Research Association, volume 3, November 1981 edition.
exegesis
1. [Liu Zhidan] (1903-1936), a native of Jintang Town, Bao'an County, Shaanxi Province. Name Jinggui, character Zhidan. One of the founders of the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base Area. He joined the Party in 1925, led the "Weihua Uprising" with Xie Zichang and others in 1928, and in 1932 served as the commander of the 26th Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, establishing the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base Area. In 1935, he was appointed deputy commander and chief of staff of the Fifteenth Army of the Red Army, deputy director of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission, and commander-in-chief of the Northern Route Army. In October of the same year, he was appointed commander of the Red 28th Army. In February 1936, Liu Zhidan and Song Renqiang led the Red Twenty-eighth Army to cross the Yellow River in the north and insert itself into the western Jin Dynasty to cooperate with the Central Red Army's Eastern Expedition. On the afternoon of 14 April, while observing the enemy's situation at the front line and directing fighters to charge the enemy, he was shot in the left chest and killed.
2. [Leaders] Outstanding leaders of the state, political groups, and mass organizations.
Statue of General Liu Zhidan
Appreciation
This pair of couplets has a total of eight words, which highly summarizes Liu Zhidan's brilliant and great life.
Liu Zhidan's hometown is located in northern Shaanxi, when the people lived in extreme poverty, Liu Zhidan lived among the masses since childhood, and he was very sympathetic to the poor people. At the age of eighteen or nineteen, Liu Zhidan left his hometown to study at Yulin Middle School in Lianhe County, Shaanxi Province. At school, under the influence of progressive teachers, he eagerly read progressive books such as "Guide" and "New Youth", and was soon elected as the president of the Student Self-Government Association. He took advantage of his position as president to organize his classmates to sell revolutionary books and periodicals, organize various research societies, and open civilian primary schools. In 1924, a branch of the Socialist Youth League was established in northern Shaanxi, and Liu Zhidan became the first member of Yulin Middle School. In the spring of 1925, Yulin established a special branch of the party, and Liu Zhidan became a member of the Communist Party.
At that time, Guangdong was at the height of the revolution, and the party organization decided to send Liu Zhidan to study at the Whampoa Military Academy. Obeying the party's assignment, he went south to Guangzhou and entered the fourth artillery section of the Whampoa Military Academy to study. After graduation, he was ordered to return to the northwest and engage in political work in the Kuomintang army led by Feng Yuxiang. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, and Feng Yuxiang followed Chiang Kai-shek to oppose communism and threw Liu Zhidan and more than twenty other people out of the army. Liu Zhidan and others cleverly and bravely evaded the enemy's plots and made contact with the underground party, after which Liu Zhidan was ordered to return to Shaanxi and engage in revolutionary work.
In 1928, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to organize revolutionary forces and hold an uprising. Liu Zhidan actively mobilized the masses, restored the peasant association, and established the Red Guards. In early May, under the specific leadership of Liu Zhidan, Tang Shu, and others, the uprising was officially declared in Gaotang, Hua County, in conjunction with the peasant revolt that had broken out in the town of Chongning in Weinan on May 1. This is the famous Weihua Uprising in history. After the uprising, the revolutionary situation developed rapidly, and in the Weihua region, the revolutionary movement was in full swing, and the peasant masses sang enthusiastically: "I don't love silver, I don't love money, I love the Workers' and Peasants' Soviets; I don't love gold, I don't love money, I love the people's new power." "Weihua is located on the main road of transportation, which is a place where soldiers must fight. The enemy launched several large-scale military offensives, Liu Zhidan on the one hand organized the revolutionary army to heroically block the attack, while covering the rapid retreat of the wounded, and finally because of the outnumbered, the uprising failed.
Cover of the book "Liu Zhidan"
After the September 18 Incident in 1931, a mass anti-imperialist revolutionary movement was set off throughout the country. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Shaanxi established the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Alliance Army, which was later reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Group of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Liu Zhidan as the leader of the third detachment of the brigade, leading the troops to carry out guerrilla warfare in Yongshou, Qianxian and other places. Relying on the cooperation of local party organizations and the support of the masses of the people, Liu Zhidan repeatedly repelled the enemy's attacks. At that time, the Shaanxi Provincial Cpc Committee carried out the erroneous "Left" line, opposed guerrilla warfare, advocated trench warfare and plain warfare, and attacked the enemy's fortified towns. Liu Zhidan was labeled "escapeism" and "route up the mountain" for advocating guerrilla tactics, and was dismissed from his leadership post. In May 1933, after crossing the Yellow River, the Red Twenty-sixth Army, which was reorganized from the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas, was intimidated by the powerful enemy and defected without permission. Liu Zhidan resolutely took up the burden of leading the troops and fought and walked with the pursuing enemy. However, in the end, because of the lone army, the ammunition ran out of food, and the whole army was destroyed. Later, Liu Zhidan tried every means to meet with the scattered comrades and returned to the Jinzhao base area after going through all kinds of difficulties and dangers.
After Liu Zhidan returned to Jinzhao, he was appointed deputy commander-in-chief, and the troops were reorganized, and Liu Zhidan was appointed chief of staff of the Red Twenty-sixth Army Division. In February 1935, Chiang Kai-shek was extremely disturbed by the development of the situation in the northwest, and mobilized 40,000 troops to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu border and the northern Shaanxi base area. Under the leadership of Liu Zhidan, the Red Twenty-sixth Army and the Twenty-seventh Army met with divisions, coordinated operations, adopted guerrilla tactics, and captured several important towns guarded by the enemy, causing the enemy to flee into the wilderness. At this time, the Long March of the Central Red Army was about to reach northern Shaanxi, and Chiang Kai-shek once again mobilized 100,000 troops to attack the base areas as the commander-in-chief of the bandit suppression in the northwest. Liu Zhidan took the initiative, first crushing Yan Xishan's troops who had just crossed the Yellow River, and then rendezvousing with Xu Haidong and Cheng Zihua's Red Twenty-fifth Army, taking advantage of the victory to pursue, eliminating the stubborn enemies around Wayao Fort and establishing a new base area.
Just as the Red Army was victorious, Wang Ming's erroneous "Left" line developed viciously in northern Shaanxi. Liu Zhidan was put on the hats of "white army officer" and "counter-revolutionary" and was imprisoned along with his wife and daughter. At this critical juncture, the Central Red Army broke through the siege and came to northern Shaanxi. When Mao Zedong and other comrades learned of this situation, they immediately ordered "people to be retained under the knife" and "stop arresting people," and sent people to Wayao Fort, where Liu Zhidan and others were immediately released. After Liu Zhidan was released from prison, he thanked the party Central Committee for its wise decision-making and said excitedly: "When the Central Committee comes, things will be easier to handle in the future." ”
In February 1936, in order to promote the development of the national anti-Japanese salvation movement, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to organize the anti-Japanese vanguard of the Chinese Red Army to cross the Yellow River, and Liu Zhidan and Song Renqian led the Red Twenty-eighth Army as the flank to cooperate with the advance of the Central Red Army. However, Liu Zhidan was shot and killed in the Battle of Sanjiao town during the capture of the Twenty-eighth Army.
Liu Zhidan's prestige in the Shaanxi-Gansu area is very high, he misses the masses everywhere, relies on the masses, and thinks of the masses in everything, so in 1936, at the request of the local people, the Party Central Committee renamed his hometown, Bao'an County, where he had fought and grown up for a long time, to Zhidan County to forever commemorate this great hero who gave his life for the people.