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Text | Gu Xuan said history
Edit | Gu Xuan said history
Before the accession of Fernando I to the throne, Portugal experienced a period of political turmoil. The political landscape in Portugal has changed considerably since the mid-18th century. During this period, internal contradictions began to emerge in the country, and the rise of the rest of Europe also had an impact on Portugal.
01
Political situation
One needs to understand the historical background of Portugal before the accession of Fernando I. In the mid-18th century, Portugal's political and economic power gradually declined. During this period, the rise of other major European countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and Spain, led to major changes in the global geopolitical landscape. At the same time, due to various internal factors (including the fall and corruption of the king, the collapse of the economic system, and threats from Britain and other European countries), Portugal quickly became a small, marginalized country.
During this period, Portugal's internal and external problems increased, making the country's political environment more unstable. During this period, the Portuguese rulers neglected the country's long-term interests and relied too much on the wealth and trade brought about by the discovery of the New World. This led to economic decline and political chaos. In addition, various internal contradictions have weakened the unity of the country and made the political environment more turbulent. The most striking of these contradictions were those between the great nobility and the minor aristocracy, and between the clergy and the Latino people.
Portugal also faces threats from other European countries. The rise of Great Britain, in particular, gradually made Portugal lose its dominance in global trade. In the first half of the 18th century, Portugal was once the center of global trade, with an extensive commercial network in its colonies and overseas territories. However, Portugal began to gradually lose these advantages under competition from other European countries.
Against this backdrop, Fernando I's accession to the throne was a complicated political situation in Portugal. Although Fernando I was a young, talented, and visionary king, he faced many internal and external problems when he succeeded to the throne. He must contend with divisions within the country and threats from other European countries.
When Fernando I took office, he adopted a series of important policies that helped Portugal through this period of crisis. First, he took a number of reforms to restore the country's economic strength. Second, he strengthened the state's control over the colonies through various measures, protecting Portuguese interests abroad. In addition, he implemented a series of important social policies in the country to ease social contradictions and consolidate the unity of the country.
The succession to the throne was preceded by a period of political turmoil. The country faces various problems from both internal and external sources. In this context, Fernando I, after coming to power, took a series of important measures to revitalize and revitalize Portugal. While many challenges remained, Portugal's political and economic power increased significantly under Fernando I.
02
Political reform
When Fernando I succeeded to the throne, Portugal was facing various internal and external problems. Economically, the country is experiencing a deep crisis that has led to an increase in social tensions. In addition, politically, Portugal faces challenges and dangers. Many questioned the legitimacy of the royal family, and various internal contradictions weakened the unity of the country. In this context, Fernando I recognized that he had to take some important measures to stabilize the political situation and promote economic development in order to restore the strength and prestige of the country.
The other side introduced constitutional reform and established a parliament (Cortes) so that the will of the people could be better reflected. He also made many innovative moves in the constitutional decree. The most important of these was that he divided the king's powers and responsibilities to ensure the legitimacy and transparency of the government. He also strengthened the binding force of the Constitution through a series of measures and established the basic rights and duties of citizens.
A series of administrative reforms have been introduced to improve the efficiency and transparency of the Government. He organized a professional committee to develop a series of reforms. These measures include the establishment of central government departments and the creation of various professional bodies. The aim is to eliminate corruption and abuse of power and to make the Government more dynamic and innovative.
A comprehensive reform of the army was carried out. He expanded the scope of conscription, increased the supply of weapons and armaments, and improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army. In addition, he organized a new well-trained guard to protect the government and national interests.
Fernando I's political reforms brought many benefits to Portugal. First, the Constitution establishes the basic principles of opposing absolute monarchy and upholding citizens' rights, making government more just, transparent and accountable. Secondly, the links between the Government and the citizens have been greatly strengthened through the establishment of parliaments and other institutions. Finally, political reform has encouraged political participation and increased interest and attention to national and political affairs.
The reforms of Fernando I also had a profound impact on the economy. He took a series of measures to promote business development and expand overseas trade. These measures include restructuring finances, restructuring tax revenues and establishing banking institutions. These reforms helped restore the country's economic strength, fueled a boom in industry and trade, and enabled many people to achieve a higher standard of living.
It has also had some profound social impact. This includes promoting education, strengthening social infrastructure, and strengthening disease prevention and control. These measures have led to greater protection for many people and advanced social progress. In addition, the reform has made many people more trusting of the government and society, and promoted social integration and harmony.
Efforts at political reform have significantly changed the face of Portuguese society. He promoted a series of important political, economic and social reforms that put Portugal on the path to modernization. Despite the challenges and difficulties he faced, his prestige was significantly enhanced, and he became one of the finest kings in Portuguese history.
03
Fernando I's contribution to exploration and colonization
During the 15th and 16th centuries, colonial competition between European countries intensified, and many countries began to expand into overseas territories. During this period, Portugal became one of the richest and most powerful countries in Europe. The Seville War of Occupation, which began in 1415, laid the foundations of Portuguese colonies in Africa, and the Portuguese then crossed the continent and began to expand into the New World and East Asia.
Fernando I adopted a series of innovative strategies and measures in exploration and colonization. Under his leadership, Portugal promoted the development of nautical technology, creating many great feats in the history of navigation.
As a wise and far-sighted king, Fernando I attached great importance to the cultivation of science and technology and talents. He founded a series of colleges and institutions to support scientific research and discovery. These institutions include the prestigious University of Padua, as well as various nautical academies in Seville, Lisbon and elsewhere. These academic institutions provided explorers and navigators with the necessary knowledge and skills and promoted the development of science and technology.
Fernando I was well aware of the colonial and economic significance of seafaring technology, so he continuously increased his investment in seafaring technology, making Portugal one of the richest seafaring nations in Europe. He took a series of measures, including improving the structure of ships, improving measuring instruments and introducing new navigation instruments. These measures improved the technical level of Portuguese navigators, allowing them to determine their direction and location more accurately.
He was also innovative in organizing expeditions. He proposed the Pentagram Expedition, which divided the entire Atlantic Ocean into five exploration areas to explore Africa, South America, North America, India, and Southeast Asia. He also took a series of measures to strengthen the management of the expedition team, including providing financial support and promoting the sharing of economic benefits. These measures contributed to the development and success of expeditions.
04
Contributions of Fernando I for exploration and colonization
Fernando I's contribution to exploration and colonization cannot be underestimated. Here are his key contributions.
Fernando I led Portugal to build a vast colonial empire that covered regions such as South America, Africa, East Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Asia. These colonies inherited Portuguese culture and language and became an important source of Portuguese economic and political influence.
Exploration strategies and technological innovations have fueled global seafaring activities. His expeditions successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean and explored the seas of Africa, India and Southeast Asia. The seafaring techniques and expeditions of this period laid the foundation for the expansion and globalization of the European powers.
The event promotes exchanges and interactions between Portugal and other countries and cultural groups. These exchanges and interactions not only promote cultural diversity and transformation of forms, but also have a positive impact in the long term.
Portugal, on the other hand, as a maritime economy, has unique advantages in exploration and colonization. In the early 15th century, the establishment of Portugal's domestic economic and political system, combined with Portugal's geographical location, natural conditions, maritime traditions and experience, made Portugal one of the best maritime nations in Europe.
He was a wise and decisive leader who possessed not only great wisdom and vision, but also extraordinary leadership skills. He played a decisive role in the strategy and decision-making of expeditions and colonization activities, and created a new way of policy and practice.
He attached great importance to the acquisition of resources and wealth abroad, which drove his investment and action in exploration and colonization. He believed that expansion and colonization could bring more wealth and opportunity, while also enhancing the prestige and status of countries and peoples.
Fernando I had a profound influence on Portuguese and global exploration and colonization. His strategies and decisions made Portugal one of the most powerful colonial powers in Europe, while also advancing navigation technology and globalization. Despite the negative impact of his expeditions and colonizations, his contributions should be recognized. He made an important contribution to the prosperity of Portugal and the course of European history.