After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek first reorganized the Whampoa Teaching Regiment into an army and made himself the commander of the army, and then he expelled Hu Hanmin, Xu Chongzhi and other high-ranking officials who held important positions within the Kuomintang. This talent, who was deeply appreciated by Mr. Sun, finally became the most powerful leader of the Kuomintang at the age of 38.
With the success of the Northern Expedition, he became the strongest warlord in the country, but what he never expected was that 20 years later, he actually fell into the fate of Taiwan Province. When Chiang Kai-shek mentioned the reason for his failure in his later years, he would always blame two people, one of whom was his brother-in-law Li Zongren, and the other was American General Marshall.
Chiang Kai-shek
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1. Righteous knot jinlan
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, the last feudal dynasty in China collapsed, and the Republic of China was officially established. Although this revolution was successful, its influence on the society at that time was not far-reaching enough.
On closer examination, it is not difficult to find that in the course of the uprising, a powerful revolutionary core was not formed, but rather the declaration of independence in various places, which contributed to the victory of the revolution. Therefore, after the Xinhai Revolution, warlords with heavy armies in various places changed their hats and continued to fight for their own selfish interests.
Among the warlords in various places, the Gui warlords have always been the most powerful faction because of their strong customs, and Li Zongren is one of the leaders of the Gui army. Originally a platoon commander in the Dian Army, he later transferred to the Gui Army, joined the Kuomintang in 1923, and then joined Bai Chongxi and others to defeat the old Gui Army and become the leader of the new Gui Army.
In 1926, Chiang Kai-shek, who had just taken the top seat of the Kuomintang, met Li Zongren for the first time. At this time, Old Jiang was thinking about how to consolidate his power, and he hoped to pull the amazing Gui Army into his camp. So he was very enthusiastic about Li Zongren, allocated him a lot of military supplies, grain, and pulled him to worship.
2. in the same room
"Gift to Wang Lun" wrote: The peach blossom pond is thousands of feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun sent me affection. When Li Zongren first saw Old Jiang, he also felt that the person in front of him was extraordinary, and then he received many benefits from Old Jiang, and even became a brother in worship, so he felt that Old Jiang was worthy of trust. Therefore, when Lao Jiang decided to move the capital and oppose communism, he was a staunch supporter.
Li Zongren
Who would have thought that old Jiang was arrogant and intolerant in his daily life, especially after successive victories in the Northern Expedition, he became more arrogant and bent on becoming a dictator. The Gui army was able to fight a good battle, and made great achievements in the Northern Expedition, which made Old Jiang very jealous.
After the Northern Expedition, the contradictions between Lao Jiang and Li Zongren gradually intensified, and finally the Jiang-Gui War broke out, in which Old Jiang was slightly superior, and Li Zongren had to withdraw to Guangxi. After the September 18 Incident, Ning And Guangdong converged, and the two stood in the same camp again, side by side to resist foreign enemies.
People familiar with lao Chiang knew that in his eyes, only generals from Huangpu were worthy of the ranks of the Concubines, and he disdained the warlords in other regions, so the Kuomintang army was quite disunityed, and Yan Xishan, Li Zongren, and others were dissatisfied.
During the Period of the War of Liberation, the shortcomings of the instability of the Kuomintang's command system were highlighted, and all departments tacitly delayed many fighters. After the defeat in the Liaoshen Campaign, Lao Jiang wanted to regain his decline on the Huaihai battlefield, and specially invited Li Zongren's corps to participate in the battle, and Li Zongren intended to retain his strength and repeatedly refused to send troops.
At the same time, Fu Zuoyi, who was born in the Jin Sui Army, also refused to go south, resulting in the victory of our army in both the huaihai and pingjin battlefields, and the casualties of the old Chiang kai-shek's concubine troops were more than half, and they no longer had the strength to confront head-on. Li Zongren saw that the time had come, forced the old Chiang Kai-shek to go to the field, and became the acting president of the Republic of China himself.
At the beginning, he wanted to rule the river with the Communists, but our army was like a bamboo, and soon captured Nanjing, and the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang was wiped out. After the old Chiang kai-shek came to Taiwan Province, he always had a grudge against Li Zongren's behavior of "forcing the palace" and held half of the reasons for the failure on his head.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > second, blame the foreign envoy</h1>
1. Admiral of the United States
Chiang believes that another person who caused his failure was the US special envoy Marshall. Born into a wealthy family, Marshall did not study well at a young age, and his father was very disappointed in him, and later in order to prove himself, he entered the military academy and showed perseverance, which made him a respectable soldier.
For the last century, the United States has avoided getting involved in war, so soldiers have few opportunities for promotion, and Marshall has been in the army for 18 years and is only a major. In 1924, he was sent to Tianjin as deputy head of the regiment, and during his three years in China, he traveled extensively and was full of affection for this ancient land.
Upon his return, his military prowess was finally discovered, and in 1939 Roosevelt appointed him chief of staff. His outstanding performance during World War II directly laid the foundation for the victory of the US military on the anti-fascist battlefield.
2. Mediate contradictions
After World War II, a desperate Marshall submitted his resignation, but just 10 days after he resigned, Truman called him again, hoping that he would come forward to solve the problems in China. It turned out that after the end of World War II, Chiang Kai-shek had been preparing for a civil war, and China was a vast country, and once it fell into war, it would be very unfavorable to the stability of the world pattern.
In order to avoid further aggravation of contradictions within China, Truman declared his support for the Kuomintang and hoped that the two sides would cooperate. After receiving the order, Marshall came to China as a special envoy to China, contacted the representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communists, and drew up a mediation plan.
Proceeding from the interests of the nation, our party expressed its willingness to mediate with the Kuomintang, but the narrow-minded old Chiang Kai-shek thought that Marshall's mediation plan was simply incomprehensible, and repeatedly violated the armistice agreement and attacked our liberated areas.
Marshall
The cunning old Chiang only agreed verbally, but behind his back, he stepped up his offensive, and later directly announced that he would abandon the peace talks, and all of Marshall's efforts were finally in vain. After the defeat of the old Chiang Kai-shek, he still felt that Marshall's mediation was all interference, so that he missed the best fighter, so he hated him to the bone, and when Marshall died, old Jiang bluntly said that it was retribution.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > summary</h1>
Old Chiang joined the League when he was young, and he also went to Japan to learn military skills, which was deeply valued by Sun Yat-sen. After the Xinhai Revolution, he accompanied Sun Yat-sen in the southern expedition to the northern war, made great achievements, and was called a revolutionary.
Unfortunately, after commanding the Kuomintang, he gradually became stubborn, bent on dictatorial rule, and after the defeat, he shifted the responsibility to Li Zongren and Marshall. In fact, he was violent, excluded dissidents, did not listen to advice, and had long lost the advantages of the time and place, and his dismal departure was also doomed.
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