Author: Zhao Xinfang
After the Battle of Yashan in 1279 (the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty to the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty), the Song Dynasty, which lasted for 320 years, collapsed. At this time, the famous lyricist Zhang Yan was only in his 30s, and he lived under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty for about 40 years.
Later generations commented that Zhang Yan was the last famous Song poet, the last resounding syllable in the history of the beautiful and mournful Song dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > (i) The destruction of the country is tragic</h1>
Zhang Yan was a member of the Fengxiang Chengji clan (present-day Tianshui City, Gansu Province), and his great-grandfather Zhang Wei was a famous figure in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the great-grandson of Zhang Jun, the famous Song General Zhang Jun, the grandson of Liu Guangshi, and a key generation of people in the Zhang family's Chongwu turn to Chongwen.
His father, Zhang Shu, was proficient in musical rhythm and good at composing songs, and was a initiator and organizer of the "West Lake Yin Society", singing and singing with poets such as Zhou Mi, Yang Zhan and others, which became a good story in the literary world at that time.
It is really a good shade under the big tree, oh, the talented and intelligent Zhang Yan, since childhood received the guidance of the family predecessors and their literary friends professional word writing, has a strong interest in literature, especially lyrics, and has a high literary literacy and strong poetry creation ability in his youth.
Although the court of the Southern Song Dynasty has been in turmoil for many years, before the "wolf" really arrived, the declining national fortune seemed to be far from reality. I remember that once when the literary friends of the "West Lake Bard Society" sang peace by the West Lake, Zhang Yan was present at the time to compose the first "Nanpu. Spring Water" words to describe the beauty of the West Lake. Memories of unforgettable scenes of the heroes. Because of the elegant and beautiful language, lyrical and cheerful, it is praised by everyone as the ancient song of writing spring water scenery, zhang Yan became famous in one fell swoop, and got an elegant name of "Zhang Chunshui".
The heart of the Mongol Southern Song Dynasty has a long history. With the mongol army invading the south in 1235, the Zhang Yan family suffered one disaster after another. When his grandfather Zhang Huanzhen was guarding Dusong Pass, the northwest pass of Hangzhou, he accidentally killed the Mongol emissaries, and a year later the Mongol army captured Hangzhou, and Zhang Huan was divided by five horses, and all the family property was confiscated. The whereabouts of his father Zhang Shu are unknown, and Zhang Yan's family is broken and dead.
Many years later, Zhang Yan revisited the West Lake and wrote Xizi again, a poem "High Balcony. The words in "West Lake Spring Feeling" are all exclamations of "things and people are not".
At this time, the West Lake has no former beauty and joy, only desolate desolation and sadness. For example: "The east wind and the rose live, to the rose, the spring has been pitiful", "no heart to continue the dream of singing, cover the door, shallow drunken sleep." Don't open the curtain. Afraid to see flying flowers, afraid to hear the magpies."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > (ii) disillusioned</h1>
After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the people in the territory were divided into four classes, and the rank was very strict, and the Han people (the Han, Khitan and Jurchen people in the former Jin rule area) and the Nan people (the Han people and other ethnic groups in the former Southern Song Dynasty rule area) were at most appointed as some civilian officials.
In the first ten years after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Yan, like many Jiangnan literati, was full of hatred for the Mongols, but they saw that Zhao Mengfu, a descendant of the Song Dynasty royal family and a master of calligraphy and painting, was promoted from the original sipin official to a yipin official, which made them think of the historical extension, the change of dynasties, the entry into the official, the benefit of the people, in any imperial court. So I hope to have the opportunity to join the world and achieve the pursuit goal of "having its own golden house in the book and having its own Yan Ruyu in the book".
As the saying goes, no coincidence is no book, there is a book to have a story.
In 1290, a letter of requisition came from the capital Beijing, asking Zhang Yan and a few friends to write the Great Tibetan Classic. Before leaving, Zhang Yan had some contradictions, which were fully expressed in the "Slow Sound" he wrote: like Dongshan, or like Dongli? Wait to hide, afraid of now, not like Jinshi. "Dongshan" tells the story of Xie Anxian's comeback after living in seclusion in Dongshan, and "Dongli" tells the story of Tao Yuanming's picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence. In the end, he believes that now is not the time of promotion after all, and the comeback cannot rely on wishful thinking.
It turned out later that the conscription was only a literary errand.
In the spring of the following year, Zhang Yan and his friends returned to Jiangnan in a gray and slippery manner. This experience of going north to Beijing had a major impact on Zhang Yan's thinking and creation. From then on, Zhang Yan roamed between Wu yue and Wu Yue, lived a very depressed and poor life, returned to Hangzhou in his later years, lived by divination, and finally ended up in Expansion.
In his later years, Zhang Yan often used du fu who floated around after the Anshi rebellion to describe himself, leaving behind many moving poems and famous sentences to fight against the tear-jerking sadness of life.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" > (iii) finally became a great success for everyone</h1>
There are dozens of song poets who have become famous poets in their own family, and they have achieved unique artistic achievements.
Among the many poets who have made achievements in the creation of Song ci, Zhang Yan at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty is a particularly prominent person. It can be said that Zhang Yan's word is the last syllable or the last note of the Song word.
After entering the Yuan Dynasty and going to the capital of Beijing for a literary errand, he really saw the reality clearly, chose the civilian life of coarse tea and light meals, except for the occasional small gathering with friends, most of the time lived in Hangzhou, and spent more time and energy on lexicology research and creation.
Jiang Kui was a famous writer and musician of the Southern Song Dynasty. Relevant expert comments, Jiang Chuanzi has the characteristics of "emptying" and "saurya". The "emptying" and "sauya" of Su Shi and Xin Shuyi were all realized through poetic means, but Jiang Kui combined the original "emptying and sauya" that were not necessarily related to each other to form a new style of words.
Zhang Yan conscientiously summed up the creation and development of song words, put forward the artistic proposition that "words should be emptied", and regarded Jiang Fuzi as a model for emptying the style of words, and later generations called him and Jiang Fu "Jiang Zhang", and called him "The Four Greats of the Late Song Dynasty" together with the famous lyricists Jiang Jie, Wang Yisun and Zhou Mi at the end of the Song Dynasty.
In his lifetime, he composed nearly three hundred words, which were included in his collection of words "White Clouds in the Mountains", and he also wrote an eight-volume monograph on the theory of words, "Etymology".
【About the author】Zhao Xinfang, pen name Zhao Shi, is a director of the Chongqing Miscellaneous Literature Association and a director of the Chongqing Nan'an District Writers Association.
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