"Ju Zhongtian Night Crossing the Ancient Yellow River and Shen Yao Dao Zeng Zi Jing Tong Fu"
Zhang Yan (Song Dynasty)
At the end of the year, the middle is divided into north and south. Sushin never dreamed of it in his life, but traveled to this day. Old Liuguan River, Xieyang Ancient Road, the wind is still straight. The wild man asked, where is the fanatic!
The leaves are falling in front of you, the water is far away, and there is no trace. The grass is greener in autumn, and only the idle gulls are independent. The waves are floating in the sky, the mountains invite the clouds to go, and the Silver Pu is blue in the sky. The clasp song is broken, and the sea toad flies up to the lonely white.
Zhang Yan (1248-?) Shu Xia, Yu Tian, Late Le Xiao Weng, originally from Tianshui, home in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). The Song Dynasty died and ended in exile in Jiangnan. Its words are clear and ethereal, and its sound is desolate and desolate. The etymology is an important treatise on words.
Zhang Yan traveled north to Dadu (present-day Beijing) in the 27th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1290). Among his companions were his friends Shen Yaodao and Zeng Zijing. This word is written when crossing the ancient Yellow River on the way, showing the majestic and desolate scene of the ancient Yellow River, depicting a beautiful picture of crossing the river on autumn night, and expressing the feelings of the rise and fall of the country. The mood is magnificent and the emotions are deep.
The first three sentences of the word, starting from writing about crossing the river, and hooking two strokes on the past, write:
At the end of the year, the middle is divided into north and south.
"Boat", for a small boat with a window. Qu Yuan's Nine Chapters. Wading the River" Yun: "Take the cabin boat to Shangyuan Xi, Qi Wubang to kill." "'Yang Jun', that is, the meaning of sailing the ship." The word "Wanli" writes that the water source of the Yellow River is far away.
"That year" refers to the first year of Jing Kang (1126), when Emperor Qinzong of Song, under the threat of the Jin people, promised to demarcate the Yellow River as a boundary. The following year, Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin were taken into captivity, and the Northern Song Dynasty was declared extinct. Since then, a unified China has divided the north and the south, so the cloud: "the middle is divided into the north and the south."
The poet rides a small boat in the Yellow River, a reed sails alone, thousands of miles across, that is, the scenery is nostalgic, recalling the past of the Yellow River more than a hundred years ago, which was originally due to the shameful history caused by the incompetence of the Song Dynasty, leaving people with painful memories.
However, the poet knowingly asked, and wrote the word "bottom (He) thing", implying irony, so he preceded it with the word "laughter", spitting out the emotions full of ridicule and hatred and anger.
This is as Liu Zongyuan said: "The anger of laughter is even more than cracking; the mourning of long songs is too painful to cry." ”
Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Song head of the Six States" also wrote about this "event of the year", saying that it was "the number of days, not manpower", "so that pedestrians came here, loyal and indignant, and tears poured down", using a straight and heartfelt way to write about the pain of the country's subjugation. Zhang Yan, on the other hand, expresses the hatred of history in a more hidden way. This is of course due to different emotional states, but also because of the different times in which they live. Under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, it was impossible to reveal a strong national consciousness.
Zhang Yan was born at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and at the age of thirty-two, the Song Dynasty collapsed. Before that, the north and south were separated, and he had no chance to cross the Yellow River in the north, so he folded another stroke, remotely followed the first sentence, and wrote:
Sushin never dreamed of it in his life, but traveled to this day.
Originally thought that I would never even have the opportunity to reach the Yellow River in my life, but now I am immersed in it, and it is of course a pleasure to visit it.
The front is hated for its "dividing the north and south in the middle", and here it is expressed as "and now traveling", which is written around the Yellow River. Next, it is logical to write about what you see on the Yellow River tour, and the connection is compact and natural.
Old Liuguan River, Xieyang Ancient Road, the wind is still straight.
One or two sentences write about the scenery on the banks of the Yellow River. Guansai River Defense, Old Willow Xiaosuo, Oblique Sun Twilight, Remnant Ancient Road, Sparse Picture, Desolate Mood.
The third sentence writes about the scenery of the waves of the Yellow River. Although the wind is still calm, it is still turbid and the waves are gushing. A "straight" word, extremely written huge waves like mountains, surging up, words seem to be simple and the pen is straight.
From the perspective of chapter law, this sentence is the background of the next two sentences, the more sinister and difficult the Yellow River is, the more it can set off the madness of "crazy guests". In order to highlight the word "crazy", a "wild man" was deliberately introduced, and his "surprise question" was used to add rendering:
The wild man asked, where is the fanatic!
"Savage", the man of Murano, refers to the boatman and the boatman. He has been sailing for many years, and naturally knows the dangers of the Yellow River, and now when he sees a weak poet crossing here at night, he can't help but feel surprised and incomprehensible.
What the word "shock" reveals is precisely the look of surprise and doubt he revealed when he inquired.
"Fanatic" refers to the poet's words. The so-called "madness" does not mean wildness, but wild and unrestrained. The boatman and the poet did not know each other, did not know the origin, so asked "where".
"Chakra", i.e. raft. The unpredictable crossing of the Yellow River at night by the "Pancha" points out the vast water potential of the Yellow River and the majestic scenery of the Tianhan.
Before the Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "the river is the uncle of the water, and the heavenly Han should be on the top". In the Northern Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu's "Yellow River" poem has clouds, "Ten thousand miles through the Cha Han, a thousand sails under the boat." Su Shi's "Yellow River" wrote: "The Lingcha Fruit has immortal family affairs, try to ask the Qingtian Road short and long." ”
The story of the fairy tree in the river written in these verses was evolved from the story of the fairy tree in the sea. However, Zhang Yan used the sentence "Wild Man Surprise Question" to point out this story, which is more dramatic than the poems written by previous people.
Some people understand "savage" as a cowherd by the Tianhe River, so it is time for this "crazy" poet to reach the Milky Way. From the story itself, of course, it can be said. It's just that this explanation is too far away. Judging from the following three sentences, this explanation is even more awkward. Therefore, it is still safer to refer to the boatman as "savage".
The leaves are falling in front of you, the water is far away, and there is no trace.
The first sentence, "fallen leaves", is the "old willow" that rolls up the upper piece. "Xiao Xiao" is the sound of the wind blowing leaves. The second sentence is written that the water of the Yellow River carries a large amount of sediment and rushes to the far side, which is similar to the meaning of the sentence "Fulang Rolling Sand Flow" written by Ouyang Xiu's "Yellow River".
The third sentence is written on the top, and the mud and sand and the water flow down, disappear without a trace. These three sentences outline the scenery of the Yellow River that is sparse and empty, and the yellow river is vast. In the sentences of "facing the face" and "common distance", one writes that the falling leaves fly with the autumn wind, one writes that the sediment flows with the river, one is far and near, one is from near and far, quite a swing and jump.
Reading these few sentences will naturally remind us of the two poems of Du Fu's "Ascending to the Heights", "The boundless falling wood is under Xiao Xiao, and the Yangtze River is rolling in endlessly." "Write the eyes to send the fallen leaves to fall, the eyes to the river and the water flowing in the sky, and the eyes on the fallen leaves and the water flow are exactly the opposite direction of the words.
It should be said that Zhang Yan has learned something from Du Shi, but he teaches his intentions and does not teach his words, which is exactly where he deliberately seeks innovation and does not fall behind. The scenes written by Zhang Yan here are all in the process of disappearing, and the following two sentences are translated and written about the other two scenes:
The grass is greener in autumn, and only the idle gulls are independent.
Looking at the distance, in the distance of the shore, a piece of decaying grass, flat and boundless, desolate and confused, its dark yellow and dark green color, dyeing the autumn color point deeper. From the first three sentences written here, the fall of leaves and the flow of water are obviously in motion, while the decline of grass and autumn greener are scenes that change in secret.
Whatever its manifestation, it is in motion, implying the word "hasty". Then the reverse sentence is "only idle gulls are independent", thus contrasting everything between heaven and earth must not be idle, must not be independent. The only one who can be idle and independent is the sand gull.
The poet braved the wind and waves to cross the Yellow River at night, of course, there was no idleness, let alone independent freedom. It can be seen that the use of the word "only" to draw out an independent idle gull is also happy and more than that, containing deep meaning and feelings. Next, move step by step, and write in three sentences what you saw when crossing the river:
The waves are floating in the sky, the mountains invite the clouds to go, and the Silver Pu is blue in the sky.
The first two sentences are a pair of four-word even sentences, the language is refined, and the scenery is magnificent. The word "coercion" in the first sentence points out the height of the waves, but also points out the power of the waves, so that it can hijack the heavens and float with them. This is more vivid and imposing than the general writing of huge waves emptying and monstrous.
Originally, "sky floating" is an illusion caused by the swaying of small boats, but in the Yellow River where water and sky are connected, there is a sense of reality that the waves shake the sky and float on the water. The second sentence writes about the flying clouds. However, the poet used the technique of quiet scenery and live writing, pointed out a "invitation" word after the word "mountain", changed the silence into movement, not only increased the level, but also wrote that the mountain was invited, the cloud went, one call and one response, there was a sense of intention, very interesting.
The third sentence, "Yinpu", is Yinhan and Tianhe. Li He's "Ballad of Heaven" cloud: "Yinpu Liuyun learns the sound of water". The beginning of the river crossing is written in the front, it is still the dusk of the "oblique sun", here is written "Yinpu cross-sky", the sky is full of stars, indicating that the crossing time of the river is very long, and the water surface of the Yellow River is extremely wide.
The word "bi" in the sentence refers to the clear color of the night sky. The stars are brilliant, the sky is clear, and the boat looks up, and there is a special taste. At this time, it is time to calm the wind and waves, relax and relax, and revel in the beautiful and refreshing night scenery. However, the night view of the Yellow River is more beautiful than this, so there is another spectacle at the end:
The clasp song is broken, and the sea toad flies up to the lonely white.
The first sentence is derived from Su Shi's "Former Chibi Fu" of "Buckle and Song". The poet was originally enjoying the play while tapping on the wooden board on the side of the boat to sing, but suddenly stopped singing, so the song was "broken". Why? It turned out that the moon was out. Suddenly, the clear light is beautiful, the silver glow is dotted, and the beauty is moving, so I forget to sing and just appreciate the moon.
So I wrote the second sentence , " The sea toad flew up to the lonely white " . This sentence is six words, dashing and elegant, and extremely interesting. "Sea toad", the beauty of the moon, is like the sea moon. The ancients often saw the moonrise in the sea, so it was called the sea moon. Because of the legend of the toad in the moon, it is called a sea toad. This legend has a long history. The Book of Beginners quotes Huainanzi as saying that Yi invited the elixir of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and his wife Chang'e stole the moon and turned into a toad (shrimp toad). This is probably a punishment for her betrayal of love.
Later, poets often replaced the moon with toads, and mostly referred to the full moon. The word "fly up" writes about the lightness of a bright moon rising from the horizon to the sky. "Lonely white" describes the moonlight as bright and pure, illuminating the sky alone.
The last two sentences of this sentence are quiet in mood, clear in emotion, and blended in scenes, as if the poet's body and mind have melted into the clear glow of the bright moon. Perhaps, he will have a feeling of being the same as me.
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