The Paper's reporter Yue Huairang
Recently, an article entitled "Do you dare to mark the paper without referencing any literature?" See the author, netizens: disrespectful ..." The online article of "" has aroused the attention of netizens and social opinion. Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, China Youth Daily and other media officials have reprinted it one after another.
The surging news reporter noted that the content of the above-mentioned popular online article actually originated from a paper published in May 2002, because the first sentence of the "references" "This article does not need to refer to any literature", which caused heated discussion among netizens. This reference, which netizens call "the most domineering" and "the hardest core", comes from the paper "Large Deflection Nonlinear Calculation Problem of Ningbo Yongjiang Bridge" by Academician Qian Weichang, a generation of mechanics masters.
According to some netizens, this reference of Academician Qian Weichang not only surprised future generations of scholars that "this article does not need to refer to any literature", but also has a "grandmaster style" throughout. Qian Weichang wrote: "This article does not need to refer to any literature. The theory of small deflection can be found in general materials mechanics books, and the basic differential equations for nonlinear large deflection beams and their approximate solutions are also proposed for the first time in this paper. I have not seen the design of the Ningbo Yongjiang Bridge, but I have visited the scene, but I have not heard the relevant technical personnel specifically explain, some of the river width, height difference and data that can not be connected at both ends, only visual estimation, if there is something inappropriate, please understand. ”
The above-mentioned academician Qian Weichang's paper "Large Deflection Nonlinear Calculation Problem of Ningbo Yongjiang Bridge" was published in the professional journal "Applied Mathematics and Mechanics" in the fifth issue of 2002, and the article can be publicly queried and downloaded on CNKI.
According to local media in Ningbo, the Yongjiang Bridge, which started construction on December 19, 1989 and was completed on June 30, 1992, is the first land passage connecting Jiangdong (now Yinzhou) and Jiangbei Districts, intersecting with Renmin Road, Zhongma Road, Waima Road and Jiangdong North Road respectively. The bridge is composed of three parts: the main bridge, the lead bridge and the slope, with a total length of 588 meters, of which the main bridge is 202 meters long, and the main bridge is a single-tower prestressed concrete double-box double-cable-stayed bridge. The bridge deck of the Yongjiang Bridge is 26 meters wide, of which the roadway is 15 meters wide, which is four lanes, and the sidewalk is 3 meters wide. The maximum design load of the bridge is 30 tons for cars and 100 tons for trailers.
The bridge is lined with 88 cable-stayed tower columns on both sides, reaching a height of 60.2 meters. The bridge on both sides of the strait adopts a hollow plate simple support beam structure, with a total length of 386 meters, a total of 17 bridge holes, and a bridge deck width of 21.5 meters. In addition to the middle road, there are 3 pairs of pedestrian bridge steps next to the 3 interchange roads.
Unlike ordinary netizens who lamented the profound academic skills of Academician Qian Weichang, the surging news reporter noticed that many academics paid attention to how to use the references when discussing the above-mentioned "most domineering" and "hardcore" references. In fact, Academician Qian Weichang has a truth-seeking attitude towards learning and a scientific method of governing science. For the use of literature, academician Qian Weichang has his own method.
In this regard, the surging news reporter found that the journal "Party Literature" had published an article in 2013 "How Qian Weichang Used Literature": Literature is the foundation of scientific research. How to collect information, how to organize and use it for yourself after finding the information, is an important scientific research method problem. Qian Weichang attaches great importance to academic reports and journals when collecting literature, explores the research direction by analyzing contradictions in combing literature, and has a macroscopic vision when using literature. These not only follow the scientific way of thinking, but also conform to the principles of scientific research, which is worth learning and learning from scientific researchers, including party history researchers.
According to the article quoted from the article "Thinking on Education and Teaching Problems" written by Qian Weichang, Qian Weichang believes that the study of science must be obtained, academic research is to stand on the shoulders of predecessors to move forward, to innovate must first refer to other people's things, so "the first is to find information, you need information."
And what are the materials that researchers need? Qian Weichang believes that "to check the data, we must grasp two ends, one is the classic writings on the topics we are concerned about, and the other is the latest literature, so that it is easy to trace the source and find out the ins and outs of the problem." Here, the "classic works" that Qian Weichang refers to when scientific research workers check the materials to be examined mainly refers to "reading some relevant monographs according to the specialty of the work," and its purpose is "not necessarily to target specific problems in work, but mainly to expand the scope of knowledge a little." The "latest literature" that scientific researchers should check the data mainly refers to "academic reports and journals related to scientific research work", and compared with monographs, Qian Weichang attaches more importance to the value of academic reports and journals, because he believes that "academic reports and journals are the results of front-line work, and scientific researchers can understand the latest progress of topics they are interested in."
Why does Qian Weichang value academic reports and journals more? In this regard, he analyzed: "For example, the creative article came out this year, and this year someone wrote a textbook to refer to it and put it in. But this book cannot be written in a year or two, especially for foreigners, who have to talk about it once before he dares to publish it. Three years have passed. Take it to submit, negotiate, sign a contract, and wait for the printing of the book for another year, it has been four years, and we have been buying it for five years. Then what we get is what was five years ago, and we don't know what new things have been produced in the last five years. To know the most recent things, you have to read the magazine, otherwise the information is closed, and finally find that the problem you are focusing on is something that people have studied, or a problem that is not worth studying at all. ”
So how do you use the literature? Qian Weichang has his own method.
The above-mentioned article "How Qian Weichang Uses Literature" introduced that Qian Weichang believes that the key lies in mastering the basic methods of browsing the literature. In view of the text structure of scientific research papers, Qian Weichang summed up a "key points quick reading method". What can be called the main point? He believes that a paper must be read with three things: one is the abstract, one is the introduction, one is the conclusion, and the rest can be left unread. He advocates such a method of navigating the literature because "the abstract is the main thread of the problem—how well the problem was studied in the past, what methods the authors are using now, and what new results they have obtained." After reading the abstract, it is basically clear how much weight this paper has. For example, if you use old theories, old methods, and old tools to deal with an old problem and achieve a very small result, this article does not have to be read. If you feel that this article has new ideas, or new methods, or uses new tools, or deals with new problems, then this article should read down – look at the introduction and conclusion. The introduction will tell us the ins and outs of the problem, and after reading the introduction, there is a clear outline of the problem in general. Just look at the conclusion one last time. The conclusion will tell us what the author has achieved and what problems remain."
For literature reading, Qian Weichang also shared his research skills: "First, we must have a macro vision, scientific research papers are first-line problems, and some parts cannot be understood, because they have not understood this aspect of things in the past, so jump over." Big things are understood, small things will naturally be solved, do not cut every word, otherwise it will waste a lot of time. First, we must be good at learning and turn it into our own. To read articles, we must take notes, and we must use a book to record what we do not understand and have doubts. When we see other articles talking about this issue again, we can test whether our idea about this is correct. Wrong, think about why, understand, just cross this line. The more things are crossed out on the book, the more things we understand. Through this kind of learning, we can step on the shoulders of others and move forward. ”
It can be seen that although he wrote the "most domineering" and "hardcore" references, Qian Weichang actually attaches great importance to the use of literature, and can write "this article does not need to refer to any literature", which also stems from his profound academic accumulation.
Editor-in-Charge: Jiang Chenrui