Xiao He praised him as "the unparalleled soldier of the country", and Liu Bang commented that "the battle will be won, the attack will be won, I am not as good as Han Xin." "The national soldier is unparalleled" and "the merit is unparalleled, slightly unworldly" is the evaluation of the Chu and Han dynasties.
As a commander-in-chief, he captured Wei, replaced, destroyed Zhao, Threatened Yan, and attacked Qi in the east, and destroyed Chu Xiaxia in the south, famous in the sea and threatening the world; as a military theorist, he and Zhang Liang sorted out military books and wrote three chapters on the art of war in "Han Xin".
Han Xin, a famous military figure during the Qin and Han dynasties. Han Xin was originally a general under Xiang Yu, but later attached himself to Liu Bang and assisted Liu Bang in formulating a strategy to return the Three Qins to seize the world. During the Chu-Han War, Han Xin led tens of thousands of troops to open up the northern battlefield.
In the Battle of Wei, in response to the deployment of the Wei army, Ming Xiu zhan dao, secretly crossed Chen Cang, attacked him unprepared, and captured the Wei king leopard. The Battle of Jingxing, with its back to the water, enabled the soldiers to survive to the death, fight bravely, and break the Zhao army. The Battle of Huaishui, with the help of river water, divided the Chu army and destroyed each one.
He participated in commanding the decisive battle of Xiaxia (垓下, in present-day Lingbinan, Anhui) and destroyed the Chu army. Han Xin was familiar with the art of war and had made outstanding military achievements, and made great contributions to Liu Bang's conquest of the world.
Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" said that "the reason why Han won the world is that most of them believe in the merits." Han Gaozu Liu Bang also praised Han Xin's merits. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, when he analyzed the reasons for the success or failure of the Chu Han Dynasty, he said: "In the midst of the husband's planning, the decisive victory is thousands of miles away, I am not as good as zifang (that is, Zhang Liang)."
Town and country, care for the people, give the number of the feed, do not stop the grain road, I am not as good as Xiao He. Even with an army of millions, the battle will be won, the merit will be won, and I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are all masters, I can use them, so I take the world.
Xiang Yu has Fan Zeng and can't use it, which he thinks I have captured. However, this hero of the Hundred Battles could not die, and in the eleventh year of Han Gaozu, he was booby-trapped and killed by Lü Hou and Xiao He, and his entire clan was also cursed, ending in a sad ending.
As for the cause of Han Xin's death, some people said that he was killed because of conspiracy and deserved it; some people said that Liu Bang did not tolerate people, and he died unjustly. What about the real situation? At present, these two completely opposing views, who is right and who is wrong, are difficult to solve for the time being.
After pacifying Qidi, Han Xin sent people to Liu Bang and said, "The Qi people are fictitious and fictitious, and it is a country that is easy to repeat, if you do not set up a throne to guard, the overall situation will be difficult to stabilize, I hope you will appoint me as a false king." ”
At this time, Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu in Xingyang, day and night looking forward to Han Xin to come to reinforcements, seeing the letter brought by Han Xin's emissaries, he was extremely angry, scolding, "I am trapped here, sooner or later I hope that he will come to my rescue, he actually wants to establish himself as king!" ”
Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, who were beside him, saw that the situation was not good, and approached his ear and said, "The Han army is in a difficult situation, how can we forbid Han Xin to claim the title of king?" It is better to be a personal person, to make him king, to treat him well, and to let him guard the land for us. Otherwise..."
After being reminded, Liu Bang suddenly woke up, quickly changed his mouth, and said, "After the eldest husband has pacified the princes, he is the true king, so why should he be a false king!" ”
Therefore, he sent Zhang Liang to Qi and made Han Xin the King of Qi. After that, Han Xin's troops fought with Xiang Yu and broke Xiang Yu. After the end of the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang seized Han Xin's military power and created him the King of Chu.
Since then, he has planted a wariness of Han Xin.
After the defeat of Xiang Yu's army, his fugitive general Zhong Lili had a good relationship with Han Xin and defected to Han Xin. Liu Bangji hated Zhong and heard that he was in the Chu kingdom, so he ordered the king of Chu to arrest him.
At that time, When Han Xin first arrived in the Chu Kingdom, he sent troops to martial law when he went to the counties and townships to inspect the entry and exit. In the sixth year of the Han Dynasty, (201 BC), someone sued Han Xin for rebellion.
Liu Bang used Chen Ping's strategy to say that Tianzi was going out to inspect and meet the princes, and told the princes to meet in Chen Di, saying, "I want to visit Yun Mengze." In fact, he wanted to attack Han Xin, but Han Xin didn't know it.
When Liu Bang was about to arrive in the Chu state, Han Xin planned to rebel, but he thought he was innocent; he wanted to see Liu Bang and was afraid of being captured. At this time, someone suggested to Han Xin, "Kill Zhong Liyi and go to see Han Gaozu, And Gaozu will certainly be happy, and there will be no need to worry about disaster." ”
So Han Xin discussed the matter with Zhong Liming, who said, "The reason why Liu Bang did not attack the Chu State is because I am here with you, and if you want to arrest me to please Liu Bang, I will die today, and it will be you Han Xin who will die later." It seems that you are not a virtuous person either. ”
As a result, Zhong Liyi committed suicide and died, and Han Xin took Zhong Liming to Chen To meet Liu Bang. Liu Bang ordered the samurai to tie up Han Xin and put him on the deputy cart behind the emperor.
Han Xin said, "Sure enough, just like people say, 'Cunning rabbits die, good dogs cook; high birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; enemy countries are broken, and plotters die.'" Now the world is settled, so I should die too!" Gaozu Liu Bang said, "I arrested you because someone sued you for rebellion." After saying that, he put on the equipment for Han Xin.
Back in Luoyang, Liu Bang did not kill Han Xin immediately, but pardoned him for his sins, renamed him the Marquis of Huaiyin, and left him living in Chang'an all day doing nothing. Han Xin was unhappy and often said that he was sick and could not go to the DPRK.
Han Xinbu made Chen Feng [xī] the sheriff of Julu Commandery and came to bid farewell to Han Xin. Han Xin resigned, took Chen Feng's hand and sighed, "The place under your jurisdiction is the place where the elite soldiers of the world are gathered, and you are also a loyal and beloved courtier of Your Majesty."
If anyone says that you are plotting rebellion, Your Majesty will not believe it; if anyone accuses you of rebellion, Your Majesty will have doubts; if someone accuses you of rebellion for the third time, Your Majesty will be furious and personally lead the army to conquest.
If I do the internal response for you in the capital, you can plot the world. Chen Fengpingsu understood Han Xin's talents, believed in his plan, and said that he would obey Han Xin's instructions.
Later, Chen Feng did indeed rebel. Liu Bang personally led his troops to go to the conquest, and Han Xin said that he was ill and did not go out with Gao Zu, and secretly sent people to Contact Chen Feng.
Han Xin plotted with his courtiers to falsely issue edicts at night, pardon the prisoners and slaves in the official palace, and lead them to attack Lü Hou and the crown prince, and cooperate with the rebel general Chen Fengli.
At this time, one of Han Xin's disciples offended Han Xin, and Han Xin imprisoned him and prepared to kill him. The disciple's younger brother secretly told Lü Hou about Han Xin's rebellion.
Lü Hou planned to summon Han Xin, but fearing that Han Xin would not obey, he consulted with Xiao He of Xiangguo and pretended that someone had come from the emperor, saying that Chen Feng had been killed and that all the princes and courtiers had come to the palace to pay tribute.
Xiao Xiangguo deceived Han Xin, "Although you are sick, you still have to reluctantly congratulate you." When Han Xin entered the imperial court, Lü Hou sent warriors to tie Up Han Xin, behead him in the bell chamber of the Changle Palace, and exterminate the three tribes.
Those who hold the view of unjust killing believe that Han Xin has no intention of opposing Han, and that he is a hero who was killed. Some scholars have pointed out that there is no evidence that Han Xin conspired to pass on false edicts, pardon prisoners and slaves in the government, lead them to attack Lü Hou and the crown prince, and try to cooperate with the rebel general Chen Fengli.
First of all, the whistleblower is the younger brother of a criminal who Han Xin is preparing to execute, and there is a suspicion of false accusations, even if Han Xin does have a conspiracy, it is impossible for this person to know;
Secondly, when Han Xin was in a strong position and had a heavy army, some people advised him to oppose Han and unite with Chu, and to divide the world into three parts and become king, but Han Xin thought that Liu Bang did not treat him thinly, and could not bear to betray Liu Bang.
Under the absolutely favorable conditions, there was still no rebellion, and in the case of idle living in Chang'an, with neither military power nor armedness, why did Han Xin want to create a rebellion again? Again, after Lord Han was captured, he was immediately beheaded in the bell room of Changle Palace without interrogation.
Assuming that there is evidence of rebellion, why not show the courtiers? In the end, Liu Bang pacified Chen Feng at the end of Gao Zu's eleventh year, while Han Xin's "rebellion" was in the spring of the following year, at this time Chen Feng had already dissipated, how could Han Xin cooperate with him inside and outside?
After Liu Bangping returned from the rebellion, he was "also happy and pitiful" about Han Xin's death. The one who rejoices, the affliction of his henchmen has been removed, and the one who mourns, the minister, is innocently killed. From this mood, it can also be seen that Liu Bang himself does not think that Han Xin will really rebel.
In short, whether Han Xin had the intention of plotting rebellion or not, whether he participated in the Chen Feng rebellion or not, has not yet been determined by historians. The truth of Han Xin's murder was like a fog everywhere, and it was difficult to recognize.