"Writing Landscape Tips" is a treatise on landscape painting, which consists of one volume. The book mostly takes three words and two words as one, from the specific painting method of trees, stones, water, and mountains, to the pen and ink, color setting techniques, using silk paper methods, from intention and metaphor to "three far" and four hours, juxtaposed and miscellaneous. The whole passage lacks order, which makes people feel that it is difficult to see the system and the language is ominous. However, there are not only the summaries of the experience of the predecessors, but also the results of their own practice, the degree of speech and the promotion of earthiness, coupled with the high achievements of Huang's self-made, so it is quite cherished by posterity, and even after the popular landscape painting of the Southern and Northern Sects in the late Ming Dynasty, it is regarded as the "mantle of the True Southern Sect". Below, he introduces his "Tips for Writing Landscapes".
In modern painting, many Dong Yuan and Li Cheng's brushwork, the trees and stones are not similar, and scholars should do their best.
Press: Dong Yuanduo painted a distant and deep forest tree, whose wrinkles are like hemp skin, which is called "Phi Ma Pi" by posterity. The moss of the mountain head is fine, the water color is river sky, the clouds and mist are obscure, the peaks are infested, the Tingzhu Creek Bridge, the rate is more sincere; Li Cheng likes to paint the Pingyuan Cold Forest, the painting method is concise, the weather is sparse, it is good to use light ink, and the mountain stones he paints are like rolling clouds, known as "cirrus clouds"; the creation of the "crab claw" method has a major impact on the development of landscape painting.
The tree should have stems and branches on all sides, and cover it with roundness.
Press: "Trees divided into four branches" is also. "The tree is divided into four branches" means that when painting a tree, the branches should be left and right, and there must also be front and back branches. Drawing a tree in the plane, it is easy to branch out left and right, and it is difficult to branch out before and after, which requires us to practice more.
Trees must have identities, which the painter calls a button. To fold in the middle, each tree body must happen.
Press: Draw more than two trees to have primary and secondary, between trees and trees, branches and branches should intersect and be divided.
Trees should be leaned back and dense, with soft leaves and branches, and all back branches.
Press: The branch should conform to the merits of creation and cannot be imagined, which requires the learner to go deep into nature, observe carefully, and sketch more.
The method of painting stones, starting from the light ink, can be changed and saved. Gradually use thick ink, for the upper.
Press: This is Mr. Yifeng's experience.
Stone no ten steps. The real stone looks at three sides, and uses the method of square circles, and the squares are more round and less.
Press: "Stone is divided into three sides" is to show the height, width and depth of the stone in the plane, so that it has a three-dimensional sense and does not flow into a rigid state (as shown below).
The stone is divided into three sides
There are many gravel at the foot of Dong Yuanpo, which is a painting of the Jiankang Mountain, and Dong Shi is called Ma Pi Jiao. The foot of the slope is first raised to the edge of the stroke, and then broken with light ink. Its deep recesses are not far from this. Stone coloring should be heavy.
Press: The combination of flexible center lines represents the structure and texture of the mountain stone. This method is good at expressing the gentle and fine texture of Jiangnan Tushan, and the Jiangnan landscape painting school founded by Dong Yuan and JuRan is one of its prominent features.
Cloaked in numbness
Dong Yuan's small mountain stone is called an alum head. There are clouds in the mountains, which are all Jinling mountain views. The method should be soft, there is sand under it, sweep it with light ink, bend it, and then break it with light ink.
Press: Alum head is one of the techniques of landscape painting, referring to the stone on the top of the mountain, shaped like the crystal of the top of the alum stone, light and shiny. Suitable for expressing mountain stones after the rain in Gangnam.
The mountain is three distances away, and it is connected continuously from below, which is called pingyuan. Separating from the near is far away. From the far side of the mountain, it is said to be high and far.
Press: Huang Zijiu replaced Guo Xi's "far-reaching" with "broad and far-reaching", reflecting his new pursuit of landscape painting.
The use of brushwork in the landscape is said to be connected by bones and bones, and there are pens and inks. Use the scribble to highlight its pen, which is called ink. The water pen does not move the drawing method, which is called a pen. This painter is in critical condition.
Press: Huang Gongwang Huang Gongwang pays great attention to the use of pen and ink. He painted with the cursive brushwork of calligraphy. Enriched and developed new possibilities for landscape painting.
This is used for mountain stones and trees. Probably the tree should be filled in the blanks (to sound). Small trees and big trees, one by one, thick and faint to the back, each with many offenses. Where there is a lot of trouble, it needs to be in the middle. If you are skilled, natural brushwork appears.
Press: This is still a combination of painting methods, and only by practicing diligently can learn to be skillful and handy.
The magic of painting stones, soaking in ink pen with garcinia water, natural polishing. If you can't use more, more will be stuck. Occasionally use snail green into the ink, also wonderful. Wu makeup is easy to get into the eyes and make ink morale.
Press: Huang Gongwang pioneered the shallow landscape, the so-called shallow landscape, that is, after dyeing with a light ochre and flower blue depending on the picture situation for layers of rendering, ochre can be used to express the bare mountain stone, flower blue can be used to express the vegetation on the mountain, especially suitable for the performance of the light and beautiful scenery of the Jiangnan landscape.
A stylus is placed in the middle of the leather bag. Or in a good place to see that the tree is strange, the bento model writes about it. It is meant to happen.
Climb the tower and look at the air, and see the clouds as the scenery of the mountain. Li Cheng, Guo Xi, and all use this method. Guo Xi painted stones like clouds: "The ancients were also the ones who opened the pictures of the clouds and the sky. ”
Press: Cirrus cloud 皴, also known as cloud head or chaotic cloud, is one of the techniques of Chinese landscape painting. With Li as the founder, the form and ink of the mountain stones he painted seemed to be surging with clouds, hence the name. The method is based on the center with a slightly sideways approach. It is suitable for expressing the shape and texture of mountain stones in the Central Plains and Qilu areas. The representative painters who use cirrus clouds are also Guo Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty, whose lines are curled inward, and the pen is mainly curved, with the tendency of cloud heads to be rolled, which is mainly used to express the mountainous landforms along the Yellow River Basin.
Snow Mountain Lan Ruotu (Partial)
In landscapes, only the mouth of the water is the most difficult to paint. Far from the water, no bay, far away from the people without eyes.
Press: It is impossible to draw a water inlet in a distant water feature, and it is not possible to draw an inlet on a distant person's face without drawing eyes. Who says there is no perspective in Chinese painting?
The water comes out of the high source, from top to bottom, and must not break the pulse, but to take the source of the living stream.
Press: Living water must have a flowing state, otherwise it is stagnant water, waterfalls have clouds, and the shade of trees is not the broken vein of water.
The mountains should be folded and converted, and the mountains should be smooth, and this way of life is also. The peaks are like each other, and the trees are subordinate to each other, like the leaders of the army, and the forest has the color of inviolability. This photo of the shape of the mountain also.
Press: Drawing mountains is the same as depicting trees, not one body and one, nor can it engage in egalitarianism, but to seek a balance between many objects.
Houses can be placed on the hillside, and dinghies can be placed in the water, so there is life from now on. The mountainside is clouded, and the mountain is unpredictable.
Press: The so-called painting has an end and the meaning is infinite, and the meaning is also outside the image.
The method of painting stones is the most important thing to be imaged. Do not have three sides of the stone, or on the top, on the left side, can be a face. When you are about to write, you have to take it.
Press: The stone has three sides but it should be flexibly configured, and it is not necessary to draw three sides from the front. Remember to learn from each other, apply flexibly, and not stick to the rules.
There is a waterhole at the bottom of the mountain, which is called Noze, and there is a lot of business in painting this. Four sides with tree clusters.
Press: Draw the waterhole, the water on the shore can be drawn with the water hook method to draw small ripples, and the empty water method can be used in the center of the pool.
Painting a stone, when the ink is peeled off, there is a scholar's style, only then will it enter the flow of painters.
Press: More is too much, the picture is too complicated is the painter's painting method, not the painter's painting method.
Or paint a landscape, first set up a title, and then write a pen, if there is no title, it will not be a painting. Remember the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is when everything happens, summer is full of trees, autumn is full of trees, autumn is everything in Vientiane, winter is dim with smoke and clouds, the sky is blurred, and those who can paint this are superior.
Press: This passage is similar to Guo Xi's "Lin Quan Gao Zhi Shan Shui Xun" in "Spring Mountain is light and smiling, Summer Mountain is green and dripping, Autumn Mountain is as clear as makeup, and Winter Mountain is as bleak as sleep." Or "Spring Mountain Smoke Clouds Continuous People Xinxin, Xiashan Jiamu Fanyin People Tan Tan, Qiu Shan Mingjing Shake People Solemn, Winter Mountain Haze People Silence." "It's the same thing.
Li Cheng draws the slope feet, which need to be several layers, taking its wet thickness. Mi Yuanzhang discussed Li Guangcheng, who had descendants and grandchildren who prospered, and the most fruitful officials. The painting also has feng shui.
Press: Li Cheng's paintings often have several layers on the bottom of the hillside, And Mi Yuanzhang (Mi Fu) looked at him and said that his descendants were prosperous, and later Li Cheng's family did produce a lot of officials, so it is said that the paintings made by a painter will be secretly in harmony with feng shui.
Pine trees do not see roots, and Yu Junzi is in the wild. Miscellaneous trees are a metaphor for villains.
Press: Gentlemen in the wild gentleman often live in seclusion. This is a very important symbolism in Chinese culture.
Summer mountain wants rain, bring a water pen. There are stones on the mountain, and small pieces are piled on them, which is called alum. Smudge with a water pen, add light snail green, and it is a general xiuyan painting, but it is just meaning.
Press: This method is mostly used to express the beautiful and graceful landscape of Jiangnan.
Winter scenery borrows the ground for snow, and it is necessary to thin powder the mountains.
Press: Paint the winter scenery, leave it blank to think of the snow scene, or dye it with white powder.
The law of landscape and water cares about improvisation. The first memorization method is not complicated, the arrangement is far and near, probably the same as writing, and it is better to be familiar. Paper is difficult to draw, the silk is alum, good pen, easy to use color, easy to see. Pre-order topic. This is the top product.
Press: When painting landscapes, there can be no more than two or three kinds of wrinkles, and too many are disorganized.
The ancients painted with a broad chest. The set is natural and interesting to the ancients. The painting method is exhausted. Good silk spray wet with water, stone on the mallet eye plaque, and then framed. Alum method: spring and autumn rubber alum stop, summer month glue more alum less, winter alum more glue less.
Press: Here mentioned the use of glue alum, and then paint on silk, glue alum application is more, painting on rice paper, reasonable use of glue alum water, can create a special texture effect.
Coloring: snail green whisker stone, garcinia into the ink painting tree, even the color is good-looking. Painting is just the most important thing. Wu Rongshiyun: "Good work is good to Dan Qingli." ”
Press: Here it is harmonized with the "Six Laws" in the class.
Painting with ink is the hardest. But first use light ink, accumulate to a considerable place, and then use burnt ink to thick ink to distinguish the distance between the near and far.
Press: Ink is divided into five collections, from the light ink to the pen, layer by layer, is a method.
Therefore, there are many moisturizing places on raw paper. Li Cheng regretted that the ink was like gold, yes also.
Painting is big to go to the four words of evil, sweet, vulgar, and lai.
Press: Evil, sweet, vulgar, lai are all painted under the product also.
The works of landscape and water, from the Han and Tang Dynasties, ancient pens and inks, are no longer common. The Minang Palace commented that Dong Beiyuan did not have half a point of Li Cheng, Fan Kuan's tacky style, and a piece of Jiangnan scenery.
The monks Juran and Lu Daoist both practiced their methods, and Lu Pens were rare, but there were often pens, and there were also those who forced Dong. Those who have learned from it know: "Jiang Guandao uses ink lightly and evenly, the leaves of the forest trees are arranged with pearls, and the Song people are also precious, and it seems that there is a lot of court." ”
Those who make landscapes and rivers will take Dong as their teacher, such as Du Ye, who learns poetry.