part
A leaf boat is light, and the double oars are amazing.
Water sky clear, shadow Cham Wave Flat.
Fish turning algae, heron lighting smoke.
Rush over the sand creek, frost creek cold, moon creek bright.
Heavy like a painting, curved like a screen.
Count the years, the old Yan Mausoleum.
A dream of kings and subjects, an empty name in ancient times.
But the distant mountains are long, the clouds and mountains are chaotic, and the mountains are green.
- Su Shi, "Yukiko Tsukishina"
Huang Gongwang "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" ink on paper
Length 33 cm Width 636. 9 cm
It is now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei
There have been countless descendants who went to the Area of Fuchun River to look for the real scenes written by Huang Gongwang, and even took photos to compare and compare, while looking at it, they sighed that the style of the Early Autumn of the Fuchun River painted by Huang Gongwang was more meaningful than the photo.
I have also heard countless voices saying that if you can cross, you must go to the Song Dynasty. However, I'm sorry, if you were accidentally born in the last year of the Southern Song Dynasty, then you must not be able to cry.
Because before long, the sound of horseshoes in the north will shatter the dreams of the Han people. The previous power background, all for you to zero. Even your knowledge will be useless with the abolition of the imperial examination. Among them, including Huang Gongwang, who was later rated as "the head of the four families of the Yuan Dynasty".
Huang Gongwang was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, to a family surnamed Lu, and was named Lu Jian. At the age of seven or eight, his father died prematurely and became Huang Le's stepson.
Huang Le's family was wealthy but childless, and the ninety-year-old man sighed happily: "Huang Gongwangzi has been long overdue." Since then, Lu Jian has changed his name to Huang Gongwang, and the character has been long.
The Huang family was economically generous, and Huang Gongwang followed the talent training model of the Song Dynasty since childhood, learned to write poetry through the classics, and was familiar with Confucian classics. In addition, it involves painting, rhythm and lyric composition. If nothing else, he will take the meritorious examination and learn well.
But accidents always happened unexpectedly, and then the imperial examination system was abolished, but he did not want to let his learning go to waste, and he finally became a civil servant at the age of twenty-four or five, and intermittently achieved the age of 42. Perhaps he himself did not expect that this was the peak of his life's career.
In 1314, Huang Gongwang's leader Zhang Lu "managed the field grain" in the southern region, that is, to verify the land, increase taxes, and average the difference. Zhang Lu was very harsh and violent, and in the process of doing things, he caused a human life, which triggered the Cai Wujiu Uprising in Jiangxi. Angered by the commoners, Emperor Yuanrenzong arrested Zhang Lu and Huang Gongwang was implicated and imprisoned.
During this period, although the imperial examination was resumed, Huang Gongwang in prison could only miss it. Two years later, at the age of 47, he came out of prison. After his release from prison, Huang Gongwang completely lost interest in being an official and began to travel while selling fortunes and paintings. So far, his life is not worth mentioning.
At the age of 50, Huang Gongwang worshiped Zhao Mengfu as his teacher. The 61-year-old Huang Gongwang joined the Quanzhen Sect and was called "Big Fool". Later, he became a Daoist friend of Ni Zhan, also one of the four Yuan families, 32 years younger than Huang Gongwang. Ni Zhan was from a rich family, and there was nothing wrong with his clumsy children, except for the same, very clean.
At the age of 78, when Huang Gongwang wrote the title for Ni Zhan's "Spring Forest Far Away", he lamented that his old eyes were dizzy and his hands were not heartbroken. The following year, at the invitation of his friend Useless Master, he began to paint "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", which was painted for six or seven years, and died a few years after painting, at the age of 86.
Part of Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map"
Huang Gongwang did not become an official in his lifetime, and finally became a monk, but he became famous at home and abroad because of a volume of "Fuchun Mountain Jutu". Nowadays, the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" is divided into two, separating the two sides of the Strait, and the reasons will be listed later.
This painting was painted by Huang Gongwang for Zheng Fan (a useless teacher) and is set in fuchunjiang, Zhejiang. The whole picture is made of light and elegant ink, the arrangement of mountains and water is appropriate, and the ink color is thick and dry and wet, showing a dim autumn scene, known as "China's top ten famous paintings".
According to legend, the "Fuchun Mountain Jutu" at the end of the Ming Dynasty passed to the collector Wu Hongyu. He loved the painting so much that he ordered it to be burned and buried before his death, but was rescued from the fire by Wu Hongyu's nephew.
But at this time the painting has been burned into two parts, one large and one small. The longer later section is called "Useless Master Scroll", which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei; the former paragraph is called "Leftover Mountain Map", which is now in the collection of the Zhejiang Provincial Museum. In 2011, "Leftover Mountain Map" and "Useless Master Volume" were exhibited together, 600 years after Huang Gongwang himself dropped the money.
Some people say that when Huang Gongwang painted the Fuchun Mountain Residence, the brushplay was like a grass seal. Come to think of it, the times regard me as a game, so why should I be too serious? At the age of the scientific expedition, the state canceled the imperial examination; when the imperial examination was reopened, he was imprisoned; when he was released from prison, he was half a hundred years old and achieved nothing, and the ethereal life of the clouds in the eyes of posterity was not the comfort given by fate after playing him a game?
In this world, the four hours flow, the grass and trees wither one year old and one glory, and the mountain flowers wither away every season. Cicadas in summer do not survive in autumn, and the snow in winter cannot withstand the spring wind. Only the mountains and rivers are calm and quiet, not moved by the years. In the dialogue between Huang Gongwang and Shanshui year after year, he learned the calm and long-term nature of Shanshui and was not insulted. He understood that in this world, everyone has their own schedule, so that they are no longer trapped by age.
"Fuchun Mountain Jutu , Leftover Mountain Map", now in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum
When unfolding the scroll, people will see: rolling hills, peaks and loops, fertile rivers, flat sand, clouds and smoke covering the cottages, water waves infested fishing boats, near trees, pavilions and small bridges... The Qing Dynasty painter Zou Zhilin called this "the Lanting of the Right Army, holy and divine".
Browsing the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" is like a movie lens moving and pulling, the viewpoint of the picture is on the same level, dozens of peaks, hundreds of trees, not only maintain the structural connection, but also do not arrange like a screen, reaching the realistic height of "taking its potential from afar and taking its quality from near".
In terms of pen and ink technique, the painting is mainly based on a long cloak, and the calligraphy is used to paint with a pen, so as to outline the loose ink lines, and the thickness and thickness correspond to each other. Occasionally there will be overlapping and intersecting, and later generations will call this technique "hook writing", rather than "hooking". In terms of color rendering, Huang Gongwang uses light ochre colors to express the meaning of autumn, if the light and dark shrouded in the scene in the painting, forming a bright hue above the autumn water vapor, vivid and natural.
Wang Ximeng painted the "Map of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" at the age of eighteen, but died early shortly after. Huang Gongwang only began to learn to paint at the age of fifty, but he was still in his eighties and painted his own masterpieces.
There is only one kind of success in the world,
is to spend your life in the way you like,
Not obscured by the public,
Just follow the true feelings of the heart,
Even though the outside world is bustling,
And you, moving forward.
"Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" long volume appreciation:
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