The Ming dynasty gave the clans superior economic conditions and noble status, and the idleness of the clans reflected the aesthetic tendency to chase the aristocracy and elegance. The drastic change in the policy of prohibition before and after the Jing Dynasty caused them to present two completely different aesthetic tendencies: pursuing world rule and seclusion.
In the good education and communication with the scholars, they also slowly changed with the development of the aesthetics of the times, especially the aesthetic ideas of poetry and retro were particularly profound. When the Ming Dynasty was declining, the outbreak of various social contradictions and thinking about life also made their aesthetics return to realism.
First, the luxury and elegance of the aristocracy of the aristocracy
(1) Chasing extravagance
Zhu Yuanzhang's initial feudal descendants asked them to "abide by the law of their ancestors and not lose their relatives" and give generous treatment to the clans in all aspects, hoping that they could "forever delay their throne and become emperors of the domain."
However, as soon as he died, Zhu Di the King of Yan launched the "Battle of Jingyan" against Emperor Jianwen, whom he had established, and eventually seized the throne. Since then, the ban has been tightened.
On the one hand, it still gives preferential economic treatment to the clans as before, and on the other hand, it strictly restricts its political role and implements a strict policy of prohibition. In this way, the clan of the Ming Dynasty gradually became a parasite with a rich and generous domain, but did not care about the cause of the four people. This high status, high rank, and idle conditions became a hotbed for the clans to compete for luxury.
Henan is a place where the feudal clans of the Ming Dynasty are relatively concentrated, of which the Zhou Domain has been a great domain that has existed since the founding of the state. After several generations of operation and construction, its royal palace is magnificent, exhaustive of play functions.
In addition to the extremely rich palaces of Liaofan, Ningfan, and Guifan, there are also countless pavilions and pavilions, which is breathtaking. The list goes on. In addition to the magnificent luxury of the royal palace, its life and entertainment are also sparing no money to be extravagant and beautiful.
Shenzong's younger brother Zhu Xiangyu, the Diwang, was determined to marry "in addition to 5 million in gold and silver, he had increased the comprador gold and pearls and silver by 900,000 taels", and when he officially married his relatives, "3,869 taels of gold of various colors, 8,700 pieces of green rubies, more than 85,000 pearls of various kinds, and more than 24,800 coral pearls". Not only is it extremely luxurious, but it is also greatly prohibited.
Not only did he prosper and wealth during his lifetime, but he also continued to pursue luxury after his death. According to Ding Pengbo's article "Research on Porcelain Unearthed from the Tomb of the Ming Dynasty", although the porcelain unearthed from the tomb of the Ming Dynasty was not the main body of burial, most of them were of high quality and exquisite workmanship, and "in the middle of the [Ming Dynasty], social stability and continuous development of production, the people, especially the Ming Dynasty, had the possibility of using a large number of luxury goods, and many exquisite porcelain were buried in the tomb after death, in order to continue the luxury of life." ”
The clans were nobles and nobles, and they were born with great wealth, which they did not need to be acquired by labor. Their natural sense of wealth and indifference to the hard work of the times make them squander their wealth to the fullest in pursuit of luxurious beauty.
This aesthetic trend is also connected with society, especially in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, especially in the middle and late period, the social and economic development, the class of citizens, the secularization, the prosperity of the city have led to higher and higher demand for material things, and more and more expensive, at that time the scholars, doctors and even the people were pervasive with this desire for luxury beauty.
The rich family is even more extravagant in spending money and enjoying pleasure in time, and the clans with innate superior conditions also vent their emotions by showing off their wealth, and this pursuit is also the aesthetic pursuit that runs through the clan of the Ariake generation.
(2) The elegance of the nobility
The Ming Dynasty clan with naturally superior conditions, after the political Z way out was blocked, in addition to venting emotions through the pursuit of extravagant beauty, it also pursued an elegant life of good manners. Their noble status and good education also made many members of the clan understand both calligraphy and painting, beautiful words, and elegant rhythms, and then showed the pursuit of aristocratic elegance and beauty commensurate with their status.
From the scholar to the emperor in the Ming Dynasty, he loved calligraphy and practiced calligraphy as beautiful and elegant. In the Ming Dynasty clan , there were also many people who worked in calligraphy and painting, and their brushwork was also impressive. Zhu Mokuan, a general of the Ningfan Auxiliary State, himself was also familiar with calligraphy and painting, and also wrote "The History of the Continuation of the Book", which recorded the calligraphers of the Ming generation and commented on it, and there were many clans recorded in the book.
As for painting, the "History of Painting", which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese painting, was also written by Zhu Mouli of the Zong Domain, and there were as many as 14 painters of the Ming Dynasty.
Music is one of the six arts, and there have been many literati since ancient times, especially the piano is extremely elegant. The pre-Qin dynasty had the Zhongzi period and Yu Boya Zhiyin classics, and the Six Dynasties had the absolute "Guangling San" of Bukang, which has always been respected by elegant people. In the Ming Dynasty, the clans were even more chasing the coquettish here.
Among the existing Ming Dynasty piano scores, there are five books made by Zong Fan, namely Zhu Quanzhi of Ningxian King's "Magical Secret Score" and "Zhejiang Yin Shizi Piano Score", Huifan's "Fengxuan Xuanpin" by Zhu Houxuanzhi, King of Baoding, "Five-tone Piano Score", and Elvis Zhu Changqi's "Ancient Yin Authentic Score".
These piano scores contain a large number of ancient songs, songs written at that time, and my own works, and when they were included, they "did not hide every word and every painting, and those whose names were vulgar were known to change it, and used the light of the piano to do it", and they must "contain the mellow of heaven and earth, and absorb the rest of the moon", which shows that the piano score compiler considers himself noble and abandons vulgar aesthetic pursuits.
The Ming Dynasty clan was proud of its nobility and showed its affair through elegant literary and artistic works. Most of their literary and artistic works reflect their unique aristocratic aesthetic orientation, that is, comfortable and leisurely, noble and elegant, rich but not vulgar, dignified and not pretentious.
2. The concept of WTO entry and the feeling of "seclusion" before and after the "appeasement disaster."
The "Jing difficulty" and the ban after the death of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty were a watershed in the policy of the Ming Dynasty. Previously, the clans could give full play to their due political and military roles, and the clans also made many achievements;
After that, the strict ban policy bound them to a narrow range, various restrictions cut off their future for joining the WTO, and their superior status and treatment also gave them no worries, so many clan members turned to Yu Detao.
In this way, before and after the "appeasement difficulty," the beautiful choice of pursuing two completely different life values, WTO entry and seclusion, was presented.
(1) The positive outlook on joining the WTO before the "appeasement" clans
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang formulated a series of policies for feudal clans, one of the main purposes of which was to give full play to the military role of the Zhu Domain, that is, to safeguard border security and maintain local stability. For this reason, not only did the clans have rich economic treatment, but also equipped the princely palaces with corresponding official offices and military forces, and gave them great rights.
At the beginning of the founding of the country, that is, when Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was alive, it did play a considerable role, and the kings of the domains at that time also actively cooperated with the imperial court to make meritorious achievements and jointly maintain the long-term peace and stability of the Zhu Ming Dynasty.
First of all, the kings who guarded the frontier were all rationed with heavy troops, and the border police led the army to conquer, and the domains made many meritorious achievements during this period. In these military campaigns, the kings made many efforts to make meritorious achievements, and at this time, at the beginning of the kingdom, the frontiers had not yet been completely pacified, and the kings were relatively less contaminated with the habits of the nobles who had been carrying on the peace, so they mostly regarded the emperor Nengzo as the beauty of the peace.
As for the kings of the mainland, most of them were able to rule the world. Zhou Ding King Zhu Qi, Zhu Yuanzhang's fifth son, Hongwu opened the domain in the fourteenth year, when the world was first determined, Henan is located in the Central Plains and has been repeatedly warned, teeth withered, broken, especially lack of food, so he used his own research to draw more than 400 drawings of wild vegetables that can be supplemented by hunger, called "Saving the Desert Materia Medica".
This is the first agricultural book on the mainland with the purpose of rescuing famines, which played a great role in stabilizing society and alleviating disasters and famines at that time and in the future, and the merits of life are immeasurable.
Zhu Yu, the king of Qi, the seventh son of Zhu Yuanzhang, was in Qingzhou in the fifteenth year of Hongwu, and Hongwu "ordered Wang Shuai to escort and the armies of Xu and Zheng of Shandong to march north from King Yan in the twenty-third year." Twenty-four years of restoration, the escort knight came out of Kaiping. "Zhu Yu has a fierce temperament, but he is complacent about martial arts, which also shows his mentality of taking martial arts as beauty.
Zhu Chun, the king of Shu, the eleventh son of Zhu Yuanzhang, Hongwu was in Chengdu in the twenty-third year, Zhu Chun was humane, kind, and studious, and was called "Shu Xiucai" by Zhu Yuanzhang, and he traveled with famous men and treated them well after the domain, and Zhu Chun's merits in governing the scope of his territory at that time also showed Zhu Chun's positive attitude towards governing the world.
All these are measures taken by the former clans of the "Jing Difficulty" with the support of the imperial court to stabilize the world. During this period, the clans had a promising future and great responsibilities, so many people actively managed the area and solved various local problems after taking up the clan.
Among them, martial arts, in particular, are inseparable from the conditions of the founding period of the Ming Dynasty, and are also closely related to the active clan policy formulated and implemented by Zhu Yuanzhang.
During this period, although the clans had become the nobles of Tianxun admired by everyone, they were still enthusiastic about the fight for fame and fortune, hoping that they could do their part to contribute to the long-term peace and stability of the Zhuming Dynasty, especially Zhu Lou the King of Zhou Ding and Zhu Chun the King of Shuxian were among them.
Therefore, it can be said that before the "Jing difficulty", especially when Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was alive, the aesthetic value of the clans in life was still a positive attitude towards joining the WTO.
(2) After the "appeasement of difficulties," the feeling of seclusion has gradually deepened
The style of seclusion has existed since ancient times, and the pursuit of hidden beauty is actually a pursuit of simplicity and calm mind, and then self-enjoyment. This kind of beauty is different from worldly fame and fortune and glory and wealth, but seeks transcendent selflessness in birth, so Xu Yu avoided the visit of Emperor Liang, Tao abandoned the county seal and returned.
This special pursuit of beauty is often accompanied by feelings about the current situation, just as the so-called "reaching the rule and benefiting the world, poor is good for oneself", usually speaking, it is trapped in the time and then choose to be beyond the world.
However, from the moment when Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, died, the newly ascended Jianwen Emperor began to cut off the clans and no longer regarded them as ministers to govern the world, and after the "Jing Difficulty", the new emperor Chengzu Zhu Di further tightened the policy of banning the domain.
Coupled with the empathy for strong changes in the situation, many people gradually changed the choice of life value and beauty from joining the WTO to seclusion.
The most typical is Ning Xian Wang Zhu Quan. This lord of the clan was born beautiful, intelligent since childhood, knowledgeable and knowledgeable, especially good at history, "always able to speak, calling himself a famous man", which shows the arrogance of his temperament, and it is conceivable that he should also have great ambitions. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu's reign in Daning, an important town in northern Xinjiang, it can also be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to him.
Therefore, it is obvious that Zhu Quan, the king of Ningxian at that time, was very proud, holding a heavy army, holding a strong town, and being wise and magnificent, and repeatedly made battle merits, and was able to shock the side. Their talents are unleashed and their ambitions realized.
However, as soon as Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang died, the situation took a sharp turn, first Emperor Jianwen summoned Zhu Quan to Beijing, wanting to reduce his power, and then Zhu Di the King of Yan raised troops to "Jing difficulty", although Zhu Quan chose to cooperate with Zhu Di the King of Yan and as his important arm force, and finally won the world, but the good times did not last long, Zhu Difu changed from the King of Yan to the later Emperor Chengzuwen, not only failed to fulfill the original promise of "everything is done, divide the world in the middle".
Since then, all illusions have been shattered, and after the death of Chengzu Zhu Di, the two sects of Renxuan have been successively done, and many of his various requests have not been allowed. Since then, Zhu Quan, the king of Ningxian, who has been living in seclusion, asked the immortals, and it is said that Zhu Quan was also named "Han Huang Zhenren" by Chengzu Zhu Di after the Jing martyrdom, and was an important figure in the legal system of the Jing Ming Dao.
From this point of view, Zhu Quan, the king of Ningxian, changed before and after the "Jing difficulty" can be described as judging the two of them, who had made meritorious achievements and were full of spirit, and then retired to cultivation and cultivation.
It can be seen that the "Jing Difficulty" campaign had a great impact on it. Since then, the more this phenomenon has progressed, and as the future of the political Z has become more hopeless, this pursuit of hidden emotions has increased. These clan members were already well educated, and at this time there was no ambition to speak of, and their emotions naturally turned to quiet and serene seclusion, whether they were good at entering the mountains and forests, or traveling the monastic path, or talking about seeking immortals, all hidden in the world.
Shen'an King Zhu Quanlule and the monk tour, there is a song "Send Wutaishan Monk Mingxiao", which not only expresses his respect for the monks, but also reveals his understanding of Zen, the whole poem is in the middle of the text, but it can be seen that the author's own feelings for the birth ceremony Buddha, which is also a kind of concealment.
Qin Jian Wang Zhu Chengyong's "Inscribed Wang Shunqi Painting", the whole poem is elegant and elegant, and the transcendent feeling jumps on the paper, which makes people read with a clear heart, and also shows the author's yearning for natural tranquility.
The list goes on. It can be seen from the above that before the "Jing difficulty", on the one hand, the number of clans was still small; On the other hand, the country was still in its infancy, and gave the clan a larger space for activities, and the clans also cooperated with the imperial court to actively carry out various national undertakings, so the Ming Dynasty at this time had a relatively strong view of the clan entering the world, and its life value tended to govern the world as beauty.
After the death of Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, the ensuing reduction of the domain, as well as the increasingly severe policy of prohibition after the "appeasement", made it impossible for the clans to play a role in joining the WTO, and their road to ruling the world was stuck, which in turn led to their demoralization, avoided political risks, and tended to be at ease of mind and yearning for birth, and the choice of life value gradually shifted from joining the WTO to seclusion.
Third, the aesthetic innovation trend of the Ming Dynasty clan and the Ming Dynasty poetry and literary school
Looking at the poetry of the leader level of the Ariake generation, none of them came from the clan of the clan . This has a lot to do with the fact that the group of the Ming Dynasty clan itself is not ruling and sitting on wealth. However, because there is no way out in his politics, it also leads these Tianyun nobles to pursue a graceful and elegant life.
Although the clans did not gush out a leader-level poet, they were deeply influenced by these people, especially the leaders of the increasingly oily "retro" wave in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, of course, due to the relatively strong closure within the clan itself, their pace of transformation was not so fast, but many characters also emerged. Their pursuit of beauty in poetry has been slowly developing with the development of the times.
There were many schools of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, and at different stages, there were different pursuits for poetic beauty.
From the "unity of literature and Taoism" of Song and Wang in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, which adhered to the Song Dynasty, to the "Tai Ge Style" represented by "Sanyang", which whitewashed the Taiping and emphasized grace and luxury, this was the first stage of Ming Dynasty poetry, which was first characterized by conforming to the mainstream ideology of Zhu Lixue and having a strong atmosphere of Taoism; Secondly, there are many works that mainly respond to the system and advocate, mainly reflecting the life and politics of the upper class;
Moreover, it was in line with the Chengping atmosphere at that time, and it was necessary to show the "demeanor of the Prime Minister of Taiping", and to "sing the praises of holy virtues, and give edicts to deuteronomy". In this way, the pursuit of beauty in poetry at this stage is mainly manifested in the graceful and generous aesthetic taste of the upper bureaucrats.
At this time, the Ming Dynasty clan was in the status of an emperor and nobleman, and his grace and nobility coincided with this literary style, so it was revealed in many poems.
The four "Words of the Yuan Palace" by Zhu Qi, the king of Zhou Ding, have no outstanding points from the point of view of text, and are middle and upper works. But judging from the content of the poem, this is writing about the old events in the palace of the Yuan Dynasty. Although they are old events of the previous dynasty, these four poems are written peacefully and peacefully, and from this aspect they also reflect the author's feelings about the present.
And Zhu Youste, the son of Zhu Xian the King of Zhou, passed down more poems. And Zongfan's "stele poems" are even more fully embodied, such as Chu Xianwang Zhu Jiyuan's "Zhao Wang Stele Poem", the whole poem is lofty in style and extremely graceful, which can be said to be the style of the Taiwan Pavilion.
However, the Tai Ge style itself is mostly premised on Cheng Zhu Lixue, and its works are far from the achievements of the Song Dynasty, but because these authors themselves have a high social status, they have a great influence.
But this trend could not last long, as the Ming Dynasty entered the middle period, the rapid social and economic development, the emergence of various social shortcomings and the graceful wealth, whitewashed Tai Pavilion body became more and more contradictory, and the independence of the literati group became stronger and stronger, so it began with Li Dongyang, the leader of the Chaling faction, and then various schools emerged, and the clans were most influenced by the retro school.
The pursuit of poetic beauty in the middle and late schools showed new requirements, and either according to the region to which they belonged or according to each other's poetic identity, the atmosphere of association became stronger and stronger, and various poetry associations appeared.
During this period, on the one hand, the Ming Dynasty clan itself had superior economic conditions and good family education; On the other hand, it gradually strengthened its interaction with the general literati of society, and formed many poetry societies. Therefore, his pursuit of poetic beauty has gradually changed with the trend of the times.
It should be pointed out that although the imperial court in the middle and late Ming Dynasty reformed the clan more and more, which loosened the ban policy, the clan still had a relatively strong closed nature, so in the middle and late Ming dynasty, the aesthetic innovation trend of the mainstream school of poetry did not follow the transformation from the beginning, but gradually emerged in the era of the "Later Seven Sons" when this innovative trend was very surging.
An important representative of the "Later Seven Sons" is Wang Shizhen, who traveled widely and spread the aesthetic idea of "retro" poetry through various association activities.
This aesthetic thought began with the challenge of the former Qizi to the languishing Tai Ge body, and the so-called "Wen Bi Qin Han, Poem Bi Sheng Tang" is the characteristic of this quasi-archaic aesthetic thought. Wang Shizhen and others continued to develop this idea, which played a great influence in the social literati and clans of the time.
Zhu Jingtie, Zijin's father, lieutenant of the Qin Fan Fengguo, author of "Mei Xuexuan Poems", according to his "Zixing Society Abbot Farewell to the Three Worships, Peng Ziqiu Meeting with Hun Xun, Words Night and Night, Because of the Theory of Poetry All Endowed with Uniformity" and "Huang You Shi Yoli Zhen Rank Meeting and Spring Tour", etc., it can be seen that he formed a True Poetry Society with Zhang Zhiqing and Wang Yuanxi and others, tending to the retro school, chanting to each other, and literary activities were very frequent.
Zhu Duoxuan, he and his fellow villagers Yu Yude and others once formed a "Furong Society", and also had deep contacts with Wang Shizhen and others. Yu Yude was originally listed as one of the "Five Sons of Jiajing", and his poem "Ancient and near-body death is not good." The near body is alone, the near body is five or seven words are not surpassed, and the seven words are especially wonderful. is the main figure of the retro school, and Wang Shizhen is the leader of the "Houqizi" retro school.
Influenced by these people, Zhu Duoxuan also tends to the retro school, "the end of the altar of the seven sons" and his two surviving poems, which are enough to prove that one of them, "King Teng's Pavilion", is quite an ancient style; The second "Crying Li Yufeng" shows his deep friendship with Li Panlong, another leader of the "Later Seven Sons" retro school.
Influenced by Zhu Duoxuan, many people within the Ning Domain at that time tended to the retro faction and intersected with the leaders of the retro faction such as Wang Shizhen. Zhu Duohuogui and Wang Shizhen's like-minded poetry, and he was also listed by Wang Shizhen as one of the "forty sons", indeed tending to retro in poetic aesthetics.
Zhu Duozheng, a general of the Fengguo Domain, was written as Zhenji. Its imitation of the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Changqing, is profound, that is, formal imitation, and deep poetry. And his poems pay attention to grammar, very neat, and the aesthetic views of his poetry are consistent with the "heavy feelings" and "genre law" advocated by the retro school.
Zhu Sazhu, character Xunxuan. At the same time as retro, it also gradually tends to "spirituality", which also coincides with the trend of later retro faction being replaced by public security and Jingling faction.
Therefore, although the Ming Dynasty's clan policy made the clan members quite restricted and their groups relatively independent, the development of the times also profoundly affected them.
Over time, the literati of the Ming Dynasty gradually changed their aesthetic ideas and spread them, forming trends of thought, and the clans gradually changed and accepted the aesthetic views of these poems through their interactions with them, and some representative figures emerged. While these representatives updated their own aesthetic views of poetry, they also spread it further into the clan and allowed the clan members to follow the pace of the times.
Fourth, the return of the aesthetic realism of the clan in the decline of the country
Realism, also known as realism, is mainly only the understanding and perception of reality, it rejects idealism and romanticism, and usually has a critical nature of social reality in thought and corresponding various works. In terms of aesthetic characteristics, realism emphasizes the exploration of the authenticity of things and the realistic creation of things.
In a narrow sense, realism is to restore affairs as they are, that is: realism "The task of art is to faithfully and truthfully depict reality as a whole." ”
In terms of aesthetics, there are more performance angles, that is, to express their own feelings according to the different social, political, economic and moral conditions of each period, and the aesthetic position formed is expressed as recognition or hatred.
This expression is not only reflected in his own various works, but also in his own words and actions, and only if his own expression is consistent with the social situation he wants to express will he be recognized and accepted by others.
When the Ming Dynasty gradually entered its decline, it was reflected in its social, political, economic and other aspects. The political Z is rotten, people are floating around, and partisans are pouring milk; Economically, the problem of fiscal deficit has worsened, land annexation has been serious, and the market economy has become increasingly prosperous.
The intensity of these problems has led to considerable social chaos, with displacement leading to the revelation of the frontiers, and the frontiers being repeatedly threatened by major threats. Against this background, the situation of the clans also underwent new changes.
First of all, the population expansion of the clan led to the perennial lack of support and unfair distribution, and the living conditions of many members of the lower clan deteriorated, which in turn led to an increase in their crimes and other problems;
Secondly, due to the increasing intensity of these problems, the state began to consider reforms, such as opening sects in education and opening sects on the way out, which can be understood to a certain extent as the relaxation of the prohibition, and also gives the members of the clan more opportunities to get rid of the original relative isolation, and then deepen their understanding of the social conditions at that time;
Moreover, during the turmoil of the decline and fall of the Ming Dynasty, many clan members took the initiative to seek solutions to these problems, expressed their views, and put them into action.
These changes caused the members of the clan to slowly move away from the former ideal empty talk, which was expressed in many literary works and practical actions, and also showed a strong return to aesthetic realism.
Zhu Yixi, character Lin (林), changed his name to Lin Shiyi after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, and was known as Lieutenant Zhu. He lived in the era of the Ming Dynasty, the period of the Heavenly Apocalypse and Chongzhen, and experienced the complete demise of the Ming Dynasty, which is very representative.
First of all, his father Zhu Tong Wei Bian, he was the second person of Sun Zhongjinshi, the king of Ruichang of Ningfan, at that time, proceeding from reality, he had made great achievements in actively governing the river and the bandits, which shows that he was guided by the values of realistic beauty, and later moved to Ningdu and the three Wei brothers and became a famous scholar at that time.
And Zhu Yixi is his second son, in the world of national chaos, Zhu Yixi with practical actions to try to save the face, although ultimately failed, but he is in such an era, his actions undoubtedly meet the requirements of a realist, and his poetry also shows a strong realistic aesthetic.
For example, in the poem "Crown Stone", it describes a true portrayal of a period of his life. In addition, "Xiaqiao", whose poems describe real life and record the living conditions of the people in poems, are similar to the great realist poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, so Wei Xi commented on his poems in the "Collected Works of Wei Shuzi": "The poem is unique to Du, and people are convinced by it." ”
Zhu Mo Tuwei, character Yuyi, also known as Ming Father, number Haiyue. He was an important figure in the Ming Dynasty clan and was a man of great erudition, a keen collector of books, and a prolific book, and had a deep relationship with Shi Dafu. He was mainly active after the end of the Jiajing Dynasty until the eve of the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
In the face of the situation at that time, his works such as "Records of the Domain", "Notes on the Water Classic", "General Calendar of Ancient and Modern Times", and "The Medical Path of the Recent Manuscripts of Jiyuan" are all masterpieces that are beneficial to reality. His poems touch nature, somber and sudden, expressing his realistic feelings, such as the poem "King Teng's Pavilion", nostalgic for ancient times, sentimental life. In the three songs of "Yuanxi Song", the sorrow of life is exhausted, and the clutch of life and the sigh of the "grease" of the living people are vividly expressed.
Shen Xianwang Zhu Huangyu, a native of Nanshan Dao, has a "cool love of talking Zen" and has a hidden style. The era in which the Ming Dynasty was in which the problem of the clan was very intense, and at this time, the problem of displacement was very serious, causing serious deterioration of social security, and the Daming Dynasty gradually showed signs of decline.
In this context, while talking about Zen in secrecy, Zhu Huangyu also pays attention to social issues, and his poem "There is a Police in Wenlingchuan" has plain sentences and nothing to praise, but the author describes his contempt for bandits and confidence in the political army. Regardless of his argument, it can be said that the author does pay attention to real problems and expresses his opinion.
Zhu Yinxuan, character Xunxuan, belongs to Shen Fan, and most of the "phoenix" characters of Shen Fan lived in the Ming Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli periods. There are many social problems, but the state is not in a hurry to repair them, and many inadequacies in policies have caused innocent suffering of the people. After witnessing the tragic death of ordinary people due to political projects in the third year of Wanli, Zhu Yinji recorded it truthfully and named it "Seven Mournings".
This set of "Seven Sorrowful Poems" written by Zhu Huangzi originated in the late Han Dynasty, and was used to record the tragic situation of the people he witnessed and heard with his own ears, and his tragic feelings and meticulous objective descriptions strongly reflected the suffering brought to the people by the construction of the Xuanda border wall in the third year of Wanli.
In the poem, the useless failure of the government to build the border wall and the sergeant's urging of the working people are portrayed into the wood, and a scene of the oppression of the working people jumps on the paper, and the emotional color is extremely strong.
Under the guise of the tone of the suffering people, he expressed the couple's dependence on parting before going to labor, and agreed to meet after completion, but he did not know the construction site where he lost his life and labor, full of feelings, touching the heartstrings, and vividly expressing the helplessness and despair of the people suffering and dying.
From witnessing and hearing the tragic situation of real events to writing them into poems of sorrow and indignation, the author expresses deep affection, and it can be said that this group of "Seven Sorrowful Poems" is a representative work of Zhu Huangzi's realistic aesthetic poetry.
Zhu Gongxiang, character Zishen, known as Kuangnan, also known as Tongbo, was a general of Fengguo of Ningfan. His poetry tends to imitate Tang poetry, especially Du Fu's poems. As we all know, Du Fu was a realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, and Zhu Gongxian deeply learned the aesthetics of Du Fu's poetic realism while imitating Du Fu's poetic rhythm.
His poem "Returning to Wuchang when Sending Ming Qing" was composed around the age of 55, which can be said to be his representative work of "Du's Near Body", and his poems are similar to Du Fu's "Ascending", especially the last four sentences, which can be seen as deliberate imitation. Although his imitation of Du Fu's poetry is relatively profound, Zhu Gongxiao's detailed depiction of life experience and life feelings can also be seen from the poem, and the tendency to the aesthetic view of realist poetry at this time can also be seen.
The Ming Dynasty began in the middle and late Jiajing Dynasty, gradually moving towards the twilight and decline of the dynasty, and while various ideas were active at this time, many people also turned to reality, and the clans were no exception. Many of their poems focus on the excavation of real situations such as life and society, and express them affectionately, and a return to a rich realist aesthetic gradually spreads.
From the experience of their own life to the observation and feeling of social events and social problems, they depicted it truthfully through poetry and added their own views, and in these clan members and their works, we can clearly see the social picture at that time, see the people's suffering, see the people's life, see the author's life, and see the author's ideals.
Not only through poetic works, but also through practical actions, such as many people actively participating in the sect examinations offered to them, and many people achieved fame, and then got rid of the dependence on the treatment of the clan to use it for the time.
From these initiatives and the realist poetry of the clansmen, it can be seen that during the period of gradual decline of the Ming Dynasty, their aesthetics had a clear return to realism.