Xia Dynasty
The first dynasty in China was the Xia Dynasty, when the Xia King Dayu united the tribes and established the rudiments of the state. Later, Dayu's son Qi ascended the throne and became the first monarch of the Xia Dynasty; That is to say, Yu is the preparer, and Qi is the founder. After Xia Qi's death, his son Sitaikang inherited the throne. Because Taikang loved to hunt, he often did not return home for several months, which led to Taikang's loss of country, and he was driven away by Houyi on the way back from hunting.
Taikang
Hou Yi usurped the Xia Dynasty for eight years, and Hou Yi had a ruthless man named Han Zhuo, who killed Hou Yi again when Hou Yi was 60 years old, but shortly after reigning for 60 years; It was killed by Shao Kang, a descendant of Dayu, and brought back a pot and served it down, and opened the first Zhongxing era in Chinese history. Shaokang Zhongxing, the Xia Dynasty developed steadily until the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Wei. This was a tyrant who aroused the indignation of the people and was destroyed by Shang Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe, and the Xia Dynasty perished.
Xia Wei
Shang Dynasty
SenseTime established the Shang Dynasty. SenseTime has a famous military master named Yi Yin, which is said in the Tao Te Ching. The god who rules the country and cooks small fresh. More than 500 years later, the last monarch of the Shang Dynasty was the famous tyrant in history. King Feng was destroyed by an army led by a man from the Zhou tribe named Ji Fa in the Battle of Makiye, and King Feng set himself on fire in Lutai, which is also known as King Wu.
Jun Wang
Zhou Dynasty
Subsequently, Ji Fa established the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty is the longest dynasty in Chinese history, with a national fortune in 790 years. King Wu Jifa had a very famous younger brother, who was an idol of Confucius, called Ji Dan, the famous Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou established the patriarchal system, quelled the rebellion between the three rooms, and assisted the young son of Tianzi.
Zhou Gong
The Zhou Dynasty passed down for many generations, and when it came to the King of Zhou You, the King of Zhou You smiled at Bo Youji, and the famous beacon attack occurred on the princes. This was not enough, King Zhou You also abolished the queen and the prince, and wanted to make Jiao's son the prince, and the old man was directly on fire, so he united with Inu Rong to directly attack Haojing, that is, Xi'an, killing King Zhou You, and the capital Xi'an was also burned to ashes by Inu Rong's fire. Then King Ping of Zhou succeeded to the throne. The palace was burned and not repaired, and the capital was moved directly, and with the help of the princes, the capital was moved from Xi'an to Luoyang, which is the famous King of Ping's eastward migration.
The Ghost King Bo Demon Ji smiled
But Zhou Tianzi wanted money but no money, and he wanted power without power, so his status plummeted. Before King Ping's eastward migration was called Western Zhou, and after King Ping's eastward migration was called Eastern Zhou. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods, the first half was called Spring and Autumn, and the second half was called Warring States. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were five hegemons, the Duke of Qi Huan, the Duke Wen of Jin, the Duke Xiang of Song, the Duke Mu of Qin and the King of Chuzhuang, known in history as the Five Hegemons of Spring and Autumn. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, two major events occurred, which were also the dividing point between the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, and the three families were divided into Jin and Tian clans.
Spring and Autumn Warring States territory
During the Warring States period, the seven heroes of the Warring States Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han, after a fierce fight, finally the Qin State stood out and destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and Qin Shi Huang ruled the world and established the Qin Dynasty, ushering in the peak of national integration for the first time in Chinese history.
Qin Dynasty
Shortly after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang died, and due to the brutality of the previous rule, the first large-scale peasant uprising in Chinese history broke out before the ass of the new II could sit hot. Although the uprising in Dazexiang of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang ended in failure, the spark of sparks has become a fire.
Osawa Township Uprising
Western han dynasty
After Liu Bang and Xiang Yu cooperated to destroy the Qin state, the two major forces began the Chu-Han struggle for hegemony, and finally fought a battle, Xiang Yu was cut on all sides, and the whole army was destroyed. Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, known historically as the Western Han Dynasty.
By the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Che of Han Wu created the prosperous era of Han Wu, which was the most prosperous period of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions was also a matter of time. The Western Han Dynasty only existed for more than 200 years in history, after which it was tampered with by the powerful minister Wang Mang, and the national name was new, and the history was called Xin Mang.
Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions
Eastern han dynasty
The good times did not last long, and more than ten years later, Liu Xiu, a descendant of the old Liu family, returned to overthrow the new dynasty and rebuilt the Han dynasty as Emperor Guangwu of Han, known as the Eastern Han Dynasty. After nearly 200 years of rule in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of eunuchs reached its extreme, and 12 of them were called Ten Constant Attendants, and the Ten Constant Attendants Rebellion broke out. The chaos of the dynasty and politics led the warlord Dong Zhuo to lead troops into Beijing, and the Dong Zhuo Rebellion broke out.
Dong Zhuo's Rebellion
Western Jin Dynasty
As soon as the princes saw that the situation was wrong, they withdrew with their troops and ran back to their own territory to develop, and after years of development, the warlords finally formed three countries through three major battles, Wei, Shu, and Wu, and after 40 years of balanced development of the three kingdoms, the Wei state destroyed the state of Shu. However, within a few years, Sima Yan, the grandson of Sima Yi, a powerful minister of the Wei state, usurped the throne and changed the name of the state to Jin, which was called the Western Jin Dynasty.
Three Kingdoms stand tall
The good times did not last long, and then the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the state of Wu and unified the whole country. The second emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty is the famous idiot emperor Sima Xin in history, and he has a huge ugly wife named Jia Nanfeng, and it is this Jia Nanfeng that became the fuse of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Jia Nanfeng
At this time, the northern nomads took advantage of the chaos to rise and began to invade the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, the Five Hu Chaohua. The largest of the Five Hu was the Xiongnu leader Liu Yuan, whose son Liu Cong destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty within a few years after establishing the Han Dynasty.
Northern nomads took advantage of the chaos to rise
Eastern jin
Sima Rui, the royal family of the Western Jin Dynasty, ran to Nanjing and rebuilt the Jin Dynasty, which is called the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the historical crown of Nandu. In the north, these Hu people gradually formed 16 separatist regimes, known as the Five Hu and 16 Kingdoms, and confronted the Eastern Jin regime in the south. At this time, one of the five hu rose, that is, the Fu family of the Di ethnic group, and Fu Jian established the Former Qin regime, unified the north, and proclaimed himself the "Heavenly King of Great Qin". Then Fu Jian was not honest, and began to ponder the Eastern Jin Dynasty, leading an army of 300,000 to the south, and in the Battle of Shuishui, he was directly crushed by Xie Xian, Xie An, Xie Shi and others of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, leading 80,000 people to fall directly in Shuishui.
Battle of Shuishui
Northern wei dynasty
The northern forces broke away from the rule of Former Qin, became independent and chaotic again. Among them, another force has risen, that is, the "Tuoba family" of the Xianbei clan, and the founding Wei is called Northern Wei. A few decades later, Northern Wei unified the north.
Tuoba family
North and South Dynasties
And the regime on this side of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was also used by the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Liu Yu usurped the state and established the state as the Song Dynasty, and the history is called the Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty collapsed, the Southern and Northern Dynasties began, and the Southern Dynasties were divided into four dynasties, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, for a total of 169 years. Note! These are the four dynasties that appear sequentially. The Northern Wei Dynasty split into Western Wei and Eastern Wei, each proclaiming its own emperor and disobeying each other. Later, Eastern Wei and Western Wei each killed their own emperors, and Eastern Wei became Northern Qi, and Western Wei became Northern Zhou.
Sui Dynasty
More than 20 years later, the Northern Zhou emperor Zhou Wudi Yuwen Xuan led his in-laws Yang Jian to destroy Northern Qi and unify the north. Within a few years of the death of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, Yang Jian deposed his grandson, usurped the throne as emperor, and established the state as Sui. Seven years later, it destroyed the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty and unified the whole country. Yang Guang, the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, was an actor who deposed the crown prince Yang Yong through his performance in front of his father Yang Jian and mother Dugu Jialuo, and successfully became the crown prince, and inherited the throne, reigning for 14 years and building the eastern capital Luoyang. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty, the three Yangzhou, and the three conquests of Goguryeo seriously weakened the national strength, and the people were destitute.
Sui Dynasty Grand Canal
Tang dynasty
Soon after, a peasant uprising broke out, and eventually the Sui Dynasty was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty established by Li Yuan, the cousin of the Sui Emperor Yang Guang, and Li Yuan's sons fought again for the throne. In the end, Li Shimin shot the crown prince Li Jiancheng in the change of Xuanwumen, and let his father Li Yuanchan give way to the emperor to become Emperor Taizong of Tang, and opened the famous "Reign of Zhenguan". At this time, a girl came out of Li Shimin's side, called Wuzhao, that is, the later Wu Zetian, anyway, Li Shimin did not see her.
Wu Zhao's status has not been improved for 12 years, Wu Zhao saw that he really couldn't start on Li Shimin, and if he didn't work hard, he would be old, so he made an idea on Li Shimin's son Li Zhi and successfully became Li Zhi's empress. In the end, Wu Zhao deposed his son Li Xian, proclaimed himself emperor, and changed Tang to Zhou, with the nickname "Empress Zetian".
Fifteen years later, Wu Zetian's son Li Xian, co-chaired by his younger brother Li Dan and sister Princess Taiping, launched the "Shenlong coup" and overthrew his old wife Wu Zetian.
Shenlong coup
Li Xian ascended the throne for the second time, and as a result, Li Xian's wife Empress Wei turned out to be the second Wu Zetian! And poisoned Li Xian, and wanted to kill Li Dan. Li Dan, with the assistance of his son Li Longji and his sister Princess Taiping, launched the "Tanglong coup" and destroyed the Empress Wei clique. Li Dan ascended the throne.
Don Long coup
Two years later, Zen asked his son Li Longji, and Li Longji created the "Kaiyuan Prosperous Era", which was the heyday of the Tang Dynasty!
The beginning of the new century
Who knows, Li Longji was proud and began to stop doing business, and after marrying Yang Yuhuan, the wife of his son Li Yao, he became more addicted to alcohol, drunk every day, overindulged, and did not care about the imperial government, so that many common people could not bear it.
Yang Yuhuan
Finally, the "Anshi Rebellion" broke out. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty declined greatly, and finally Zhu Wen, a powerful minister of the Tang Dynasty, seized the position of Emperor Tang through the form of Zen Rang, and established the state as Liang, known as Later Liang.
Anshi Rebellion
Five generations and ten countries
The Tang Dynasty fell and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began, a total of 72 years. Five dynasties existed in the Central Plains, namely Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and Zhou. In addition to the five generations of the Central Plains, there were also ten independent small countries, that is, ten countries. The Five Dynasties were in the same period as the Ten Kingdoms. The difference is that the five generations exist one by one, while the ten kingdoms exist at the same time. The last of the five dynasties, the Later Zhou general Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chen Qiao Mutiny", and the yellow robe was added to usurp the Later Zhou regime and establish the Northern Song Dynasty. At this point, the five generations and ten countries are over...
Chen Qiao mutinied
Northern song dynasty
After Zhao Kuangyin wiped out these ten countries piecemeal, he basically unified the whole country and formed a confrontation with the Liao state established by the Khitans. When the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao State established by the Khitans confronted, the Jin State established by the Jurchens in the rear of the Liao State rose, and the Liao State was sandwiched between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin State, so the Northern Song Dynasty united with the Jin State to destroy the Liao State, but the Jin State took Yu Wei and directly destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and a prince of the Northern Song Dynasty ran to the current Shangqiu in Henan and established the Southern Song Dynasty.
Southern song dynasty
The Southern Song Dynasty resisted the Jin state under the iron horses of Yue Fei's Yue family army, but Yue Fei was eventually killed by Emperor Gaozong of Song Zhao Shu and Qin Hui on "trumped-up charges". At this time, another force rose in the northern Mongolian steppe, that is, Mongolia, the founder of the later Yuan Dynasty. Mongolia directly united with the Southern Song Dynasty to destroy the Jin State.
Yuan
In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty in what is now Beijing and attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. Two years later, Lu Xiufu, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, committed suicide by jumping into the sea with the eight-year-old little emperor on his back, and 800 nobles and 100,000 soldiers and civilians jumped into the sea to martyr the country, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty intensified their collection of taxes from the Han people, and the national oppression was serious, and the people rose up.
Ming dynasty
After 98 years of rule, the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by a monk named Zhu Chongba, Zhu Yuanzhang, with the assistance of the generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, and the Ming Dynasty was established. Emperor Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang paved the way for Crown Prince Zhu Yunjiang through Hu Lan's reputation, but he did not expect that Zhu Yunjiang was destroyed by his uncle Zhu Di under the influence of the black-robed demon monk Yao Guangxiao, and Zhu Di moved the capital from Nanjing to his base Beijing. The Ming Dynasty experienced the outbreak of peasant uprisings at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the Houjin regime established by Guanwai Aisin Gyoro Nurhachi took advantage of the situation to rise, and the country was in a situation of internal and external troubles.
Zhu Yunjiang
Qing Dynasty
In 1644, Li Zicheng's rebel army conquered Beijing, established the state of Dashun, and Chongzhen hanged himself in Meishan. Many people believed that Li Zicheng's Dashun regime would be the next dynasty, but after the Battle of Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng was defeated by Wu Sangui and the Qing army, and the Dashun regime also died with his death. Dashun did not completely eliminate the Southern Ming court to unify China, so it could only be a transitional regime between the Ming and Qing dynasties. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the regent Dolgon issued a shaving order and carried out a massacre of Han people who refused to carry it out, and no less than hundreds of thousands of Han people were killed by the Manchus because of the shaving order.
The Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties were the last of China's ancient feudal dynasties. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty regarded itself as a "Heavenly Empire Shangbang" and closed off the country, resulting in a foreign trade deficit and the First and Second Opium Wars. The Qing Dynasty was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
Heavenly Empire Upper State
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese "Sino-Japanese War" and the Qing Dynasty suffered a crushing defeat. Among them, the Japanese army carried out a horrific massacre on Lushun, which also made other countries look at the big cake of the Qing Dynasty!
Sino-Japanese War
In 1900, when the eight-nation coalition invaded, Cixi ran away with Guangxu, and Li Hongzhang signed the "Xinxiu Treaty" on behalf of the Qing Dynasty with the largest number of reparations and the most serious loss of sovereignty.
Xinxiu Treaty
From 1911 to 1912, a series of revolutionary movements that successfully overthrew the Qing Dynasty, the "Xinhai Revolution", broke out.
Revolution
republic
In 1912, Sun Wen was elected as the first provisional president of the Republic of China by an absolute margin! It also officially proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen demanded that Qing cabinet minister Yuan Shikai support the republican system, resign as interim president and give way to Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai forced Emperor Puyi of Xuantong to abdicate the throne, and the Qing dynasty collapsed.
Puyi
After Yuan Shikai became president, he vainly tried to proclaim himself emperor, and in 1915 he ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, which triggered the "National Defense Movement". The southern provinces declared independence one after another and sent troops to fight against Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai was forced by internal and external pressure to abolish the imperial system after becoming emperor for 83 days, and then died of uremia. After Yuan Shikai's death, the three major factions of the Beiyang warlords lost control and began to fight.
Movement to defend the country
From the 918 Incident in 1931 to the end of World War II in 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. Chinese people's 14-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended in victory. After the three major battles of Liaoshen Campaign, Huaihai Campaign, and Pingjin Campaign in 1948 and 1949, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Taipei.
Three major battles
New China
On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, and Peiping was renamed Beijing.