Article | Tavern Tea House
Editor|Tavern Tea House
Brief introduction
Ancient Egypt is one of the ancient countries in the world, with a long history and splendid culture. The civilization it created and the civilization of other regions together constitute the history of human civilization.
Ancient Egypt was mainly divided into southern Egypt and northern Egypt, and the political systems and religious beliefs of the two regions differed. The kingship system of ancient Egypt, unlike other countries, was born, developed and perfected on the banks of the Nile.
The emergence of the royal system provided a political stage for all strata of society to express their will. It gives strata the right to represent their interests and will. And this is one of the most essential and important characteristics of royal power.
In the early history of ancient Egypt, the ancient Egyptian royal family went through many dynasties, from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom period (2400 BC to 1450 BC), then the Old Dynasty (1450 BC to 1300 BC), the Second Intermediate Period (13th century BC to the 9th century BC), the Third Intermediate Period (9th century BC to the 7th century BC), the fourth intermediate period (7th century AD to the 8th century AD), and the Fifth Intermediate Period (10th to 12th centuries AD), It was not until the end of the Third Dynasty that a new period appeared. Each dynasty has its own representative architecture and characteristics.
First, the relationship between the development of royal power and the pyramid
In ancient Egypt, pyramids were an extremely important architectural form, and pyramids were also the "gods" in the minds of ancient Egyptians, which represented supreme power.
According to archaeological findings, the kingship of the ancient Egyptians was already so powerful that it can be said that "they enjoyed supreme power in Egypt". However, during the New Kingdom, the Egyptian royal power was challenged and attacked by foreign forces.
In order to consolidate their dominance and to cope with the impact of foreign forces on the ancient Egyptian power system, the ancient Egyptians took a series of measures to strengthen their own strength.
One of the most important of these is the construction of pyramids. In order to build the pyramids, the ancient Egyptians spent a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
First of all, most of the materials needed to build the pyramids were transported from various places, such as stone, wood, felt, etc. Secondly, the construction of pyramids requires more labor, because a large number of building materials and labor are required in the process of building pyramids.
Finally, strict requirements are imposed on workers. In order for the pyramid to succeed, workers must have a high sense of responsibility and a strict work attitude.
II. The development of architecture during the reign of the Pharaohs
The early kings of ancient Egypt, who ruled the vast Nile Valley, also had their own landmarks that also represented the rulers of ancient Egypt at that time.
The pharaoh Thutmose III of ancient Egypt built many elaborate temples that were the center of royal politics and where the king held sacrifices, assemblies and other public events.
The temples mentioned here include not only those built by kings for themselves, but also temples built for themselves by other princes.
The reign of Pharaoh Thutmose III (1697-1648 BC) was the most prosperous and powerful period in ancient Egyptian history, and this period was also the peak of the development of ancient Egyptian architectural culture, and its architectural forms and architectural characteristics were in this heyday.
During the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt, Thutmose III built a temple. Thutmose III ordered a new building in Cairo as a place for the king's sacrifices and a new temple to commemorate the sacrifices performed in Cairo during his reign.
He also built a larger and grander temple for his wedding ceremony during his honeymoon with Queen Ahmose II. This temple was built when Thutmose III built the first temple.
This temple is the remains of what is now known as the "Temple of Thutmose III" and is now a UNESCO protected unit. Today, this relic is preserved in the city of Cairo.
During the Second Dynasty of Egypt, Thutmose III built a larger and grander temple, the last temple he built during the First Dynasty of Egypt.
Thutmose III built the temple so that his own descendants could use it for sacrificial ceremonies, assemblies and other public events during the Pharaoh's succession and weddings, making it one of the most important temples in ancient Egyptian history.
Third, the great changes in architectural art during the New Kingdom
The New Kingdom period was an important stage in the development of ancient Egypt, it marked another leap forward in ancient Egyptian art, during this period, architectural art underwent major changes, from the original combination of religious and secular architecture to the later emergence of secular architecture.
The most famous of this period is the pyramid in Cairo, which was a landmark of early ancient Egypt.
Compared with the Old Kingdom period, the New Kingdom period mainly has the following characteristics:
1. Ancient Egypt gradually formed its own unique artistic style, and it is this style that has promoted the continuous improvement of ancient Egyptian architectural technology and artistic level.
2. During the New Kingdom, the social productive forces were improved, and the ruling class continued to strengthen its control over the state and localities, which provided a guarantee for the improvement of architectural technology and artistic level.
3. During the New Kingdom, an autocratic ruling system centered on royal power was formed, and the supremacy of royal power made people only loyal to the king, and could not be dissatisfied with the king or have other opinions. Therefore, the architecture of this period reflects more of a solemn, imposing and diverse style.
In addition, the New Kingdom period was also the most prosperous and richest period in the history of ancient Egypt, and the highest level of scientific and technological development was also the period in this period, and many famous buildings appeared in this period, such as the pyramid of Tutankhamun.
The architectural art of the New Kingdom period has developed to a certain stage, and some buildings with typical significance have appeared, such as the Luxor Temple in northwest Cairo, which is one of the most famous temples in early ancient Egypt and a representative of the architectural art of the New Kingdom.
It was built by King Luxor, the supreme ruler of Egypt at the time, around the time of the New Kingdom.
The Luxor Temple is octagonal in shape and has a construction area of about 1,200 square meters, surrounded by a moat, surmounted by four vaulted buildings, topped by a dome supported by four huge columns. The exterior of the temple has 60 pillars supporting the roof, and there is a lot of space inside.
The whole building consists of three parts: a temple at the top, and the interior is dedicated to the king of Luxor and the temple of the gods; Surrounded by four doors for entry and exit; Below is an underground space.
Fourth, the enthusiasm and attention of Egyptians to architecture
During the Old Kingdom, the passion for architecture of the ancient Egyptians was unprecedented. Some great buildings were built at that time, including: the famous Pyramid of Khafre on the Nile, the Temple of Osiris, the Great Temple of Aswan, the Sphinx, and many other great buildings.
During the Old Kingdom, building techniques had developed to a new level. The Egyptians of this period built a large number of meaningful structures, such as the famous "Pyramid of Khafre". During the Second Intermediate Period to the Third Intermediate Period, they built many large-scale and high-quality buildings.
Many large structures appeared in this period, such as the Temple of Hereopolis in Cairo, the large temples of Memphis, Abydos and Memphis, as well as the Karnak Temple, Tutankhamun Tomb, Amun Temple and Karnak Temple, among others.
In addition to these buildings, the Egyptians also built many magnificent and huge buildings, such as the Great Temple of Aswan, the Temple of Karnak, the Temple of Karnak, and the pyramids built during the later New Kingdom.
Some of these buildings were built by themselves, while others were built or restored by others. These buildings were all designed and built by themselves, and some of them were even built during the Old Kingdom.
For example, the Great Temple of Aswan, the construction of this building was completed during the Old Kingdom period. The building is 63 meters tall and weighs 250 tons, using stone as a material. Although the temple itself was not built by the ancient Egyptians, it undoubtedly had a high artistic level and architectural achievements at the time.
There are also many buildings that were built and restored by others, such as the Karnak Temple, which was built by a man called "Kanak".
Another great building, the Great Temple of Aswan, was built by another man named "Karnak", who used a variety of different types of stone, including limestone, granite and other rocks.
V. Author's point of view
The development of early royal power in ancient Egypt went through three important periods: the Old Kingdom period, ruled by various tribes together; During the New Kingdom, it was jointly administered by all classes;
The Third Dynasty period was a transition between the Old Kingdom period and the New Kingdom period, and state power was held by the royal family, and royal power was further strengthened. In the continuous development and improvement of early royal power, it had a huge impact on all aspects of society.
It not only maintained social stability and the stability of royal power, but also promoted social and economic development. First of all, the early royal power of ancient Egypt effectively managed the entire society in political, economic, cultural and other aspects through its own strength, which not only gave the royal family strong strength and strength, but also greatly improved the ancient Egyptians politically.
Second, the early royal power of ancient Egypt enhanced its national strength and wealth by developing the national economy, and also brought many military, political and cultural achievements to the country. It made the ancient Egyptian state more stable and strong.
Finally, the early kingship of ancient Egypt maintained social stability through the development of various aspects such as culture and economy. At the same time, the ancient Egyptian state gradually became a unified whole.
In the process of the development of early royal power in ancient Egypt, the construction and protection of local landmark buildings and local culture fully reflected the early royal system of ancient Egypt and had a great impact on all aspects of society.
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