Some time ago, we finished sharing the culture and clothing of the main princely states during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, and today we will share what the culture and clothing of the Qin Dynasty were after the completion of the great unification of the Qin State and the Qin Dynasty.
According to the old rules, let's first look at the areas in which areas the territory of the Qin State destroyed the twelve countries after the completion of unification?
The Qin Dynasty (221~207 BC) was the first unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history developed by the Qin State during the Warring States period. King Huanzheng of Qin successively destroyed Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi, completing the great cause of reunification. In 221 BC, he was called emperor and "Qin Shi Huang" in history.
After Qin's annexation of the Six Kingdoms, the territory reached the area south of the Yangtze River basin. After the unification of the six kingdoms, the long-standing division of princes was ended, and a vast country with Xianyang as its capital was established. The heyday stretched from Liaodong in the east, the plateau in the west, Lingnan in the south, and Yin Mountain in the north, laying the foundation for the Western Han Dynasty to consolidate the Han Dynasty.
Overview map of the Qin Dynasty
When sharing the princely states of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the culture of the Qin State has been shared, so what changes did the culture of the Qin State change after it became the Qin Dynasty?
1. Unify the text
After the Qin state unified China, it took a series of measures to consolidate its rule, including the famous "shutongwen", that is, the unification of the different writing styles used by various countries during the Warring States period into what later generations called the small seal, which is said to have been invented by Li Si, the prime minister of the Qin state.
During the Warring States period, although the basic structure of the scripts of various countries was the same, there were differences in the complexity and lateral positions of the fonts. Li Si was ordered to unify the script, and he used the script of the Qin State as the basis, referring to the script of the Six Kingdoms, formulated a small seal, and wrote a model to implement throughout the country. At that time, there was also a popular calligraphy called shushu, which was simpler than small seals.
The same text as the book
2. The doctrine of five virtues
Qin Shi Huang not only established a set of authoritarian centralized ruling institutions and systems, but also adopted the five virtues of the Yin-Yang family during the Warring States period to defend the legal system of the Qin Dynasty.
The theory of the five virtues holds that the various dynasties ruled in the order of the five virtues of earth, wood, metal, fire, and water, and repeated the cycle. Qin De Shui De, Shui De Shang Black, so Qin's dress Jing Qi, etc. are all black; The number corresponding to water virtue is six, so runes (one of the ancient runes. For entrance and exit gates) the length and height of the crown are six inches each, and the width of the track is six feet; Water virtue is the main punishment and killing, so political rule strives to be harsh, not paying attention to "benevolence" and "righteousness"; Corresponding to the water virtue, the calendar begins with the month of Hai, that is, October, and so on.
The Five Virtues Doctrine
3. Canonization of Zen
Qin Shi Huang also determined a complex set of festivals and canonization ceremonies appropriate to the status of the emperor, and carried out activities at the right time. Qin Shi Huang built many palaces near Xianyang modeled on the palaces of the Kanto Kingdoms, and built the magnificent Afang Palace south of Weishui. The layout of Xianyang Palace is taken from the Ziwei Palace in the sky, which is like the abode of God on earth and a symbol of the unity of the world.
He took these measures to show that his earthly power was equal to God's power in heaven, thereby instilling in his subjects the idea of the mystery of imperial power. The mystical concept of imperial power is the ideological basis of the authoritarian centralized system.
Canonization
4. Book burning pit Confucianism
Qin Shi Huang also fought against the ideological and political tendencies of separatism. At that time, some Confucians and nomads hoped to restore the situation of aristocratic division, and they "entered the wrong mind, and when they went out, they discussed in the alley", citing "poems", "books", and hundred languages, in ancient times rather than in the present.
"Book burning and confucianism" was a policy implemented by the Qin Dynasty for the stability and unification of state power, and it was also a destruction of Chinese culture at that time.
The "book burning" policy targeted the book relics of the time, retaining only a large number of precious documents that were necessary for the people's livelihood and the government, and were not beneficial to the Qin regime, and the hundred schools of speech of the Spring and Autumn Warring States were seriously destroyed during this period.
The "pit Confucianism" policy was also the first mass arrest of intellectuals by state power recorded in Chinese history.
Illustrating book burning pit Confucianism
As we mentioned earlier, the Qin Kingdom is still black, so the clothing is black. After Qin completed the great unification, did the clothing change?
In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the color of clothing in China was an important stage, that is, the idea of the five elements of yin and yang was infiltrated into the idea of color clothing, and the state of the Qin Dynasty was very short, so in addition to Qin Shi Huang's prescribed color of clothing, the general color of clothing should be the custom of the Warring States Period. The style of clothing is relatively simple, and the ancient robe as a regular dress began to be worn formally. Militarily, he also imitated King Zhao Wuling's beard clothing, that is, abandoning the biàn uniform of the Zhou system of tops and bottoms, and changing them to the form of upper and lower pants for easy riding.
armor
Valve (biàn) dress
Men's clothing: Qin Shi Huang's big dress is a black sacrificial dress at the top and bottom, and stipulates that the color of the clothes should be black (the totem of the Zhou people is fire, because Qin Shi Huang is very superstitious about the five elements of yin and yang, so it is believed that Qin's water extinguished the fire of Zhou. And black main water, solid black). It is also stipulated that officials above the third rank wear green robes and ordinary people wear white robes.
Men's clothing
Women's clothing: Qin Shi Huang liked the concubines in the palace to dress beautifully and flamboyantly. Since he subtracted etiquette, the color of the concubine's clothing was mainly to cater to his personal preferences. However, it is still basically governed by the five elements of thought. Therefore, the concubines of the Qin Dynasty wore "light yellow moss shirts" and "light yellow silver mud cloud covers" in summer, and matched them with hibiscus crowns, five-color flower skirts, five-color Luo small fans, and mud and gold shoes to set it off.
Qin dynasty costumes
Qin dynasty costumes
In the crown service system, the first emperor abolished the six crowns and adopted only one sacrificial dress. The official wears a crown on his head, a wide robe and large sleeves, a sword at his waist, a wat board (a note-taking tool used by the upper dynasty), and a white pen on his ears. At that time, men were mostly expensive in robes, and the style of robes was mostly large sleeves, and generally had lace. Commoners and laborers wore buns, or small hats and scarves, collared tunics and narrow sleeves.
Well, the culture and clothing of the Qin Dynasty will be shared here, and tomorrow we will share the culture and clothing of the Han Dynasty. Thank you for your interest and reading.
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