At 2 p.m. on December 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek took Chiang Ching-kuo and took off from Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Airport on a special plane, the Meiling, and fled to Taiwan in a panic.
Prior to this, on February 5, 1949, Mao Zedong issued the "Statement on Punishing Kuomintang War Criminals", which "hand-picked" 43 Kuomintang war criminals, and Chiang Kai-shek ranked first. Most of the 43 war criminals, with the exception of some rebel generals and those captured on the mainland, followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan. After they arrived in Taiwan, what kind of fate did they usher in in their later years?
Except for a few other Kuomintang war criminals who went to Taiwan, including He Yingqin, Bai Chongxi, Yan Xishan, and Tang Enbo, most of these Kuomintang war criminals who went to Taiwan were relieved of their military powers.
Even Hu Zongnan, the student who was most favored and valued by Chiang Kai-shek, known as the "first protégé of Tianzi," was impeached by forty-six members of Taiwan's "Control Yuan" shortly after he went to Taiwan, believing that Hu Zongnan "should bear a heavy criminal responsibility" for the defeat and retreat of the Kuomintang.
Although in the end, under the mediation of Chiang Kai-shek, the impeachment could not be completed, but since then Hu Zongnan has never had a good time. Chiang Kai-shek gave him only some idle posts such as "commander of the Penghu Defensive Command" and adviser to the Presidential Office Strategic Advisory Committee, and was formally deprived of military power. In 1962, Hu Zongnan died of depression.
Generally speaking, these big men who followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan did not end up very well.
There are quite a few important people who were previously on the mainland's power side and mixed up with the wind and water, but after arriving in Taiwan, they became obscure and disappeared into people's field of vision. However, it turned out that some middle-level generals on the mainland were reused, promoted quickly, and even became the superiors of these big men, such as Peng Mengji, Gao Kuiyuan, Chen Daqing and others.
Although some big men were big figures who turned their hands into clouds and overturned their hands into rain during the Republic of China period, after arriving in Taiwan, how could people not bow their heads under the low eaves? How lonely their hearts are, you can imagine. Let's take an example of a few KmT bigwigs who fled Taiwan to see how they ended.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Chen Lifu of the "Chen Family Party in the World of the Jiang Family"</h1>
Within the Kuomintang, it is known as the "Chen Family Party in the World of the Chiang Kai-shek Family."
On March 18, 1926, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Chen Lifu and others to plan the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" and passed the "Case of Sorting Out Party Affairs" that restricted and attacked the Communist Party.
Chiang Himself replaced the Communist Tan Pingshan as head of the Central Organization Department; Mao Zedong, Lin Boqu, and other Communists were stripped of their posts as Kuomintang propaganda ministers and peasant ministers; communists were completely excluded from the Kuomintang Central Committee; and Chiang Kai-shek and other New Rightists usurped important leadership of the Kuomintang Central Committee.
Throughout the incident, Chen Lifu showed perseverance and loyalty, which was deeply appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek. Since then, he has participated in the planning of many important matters of Chiang Kai-shek and has become the main cadre of the Kuomintang's New Right.
Chen Lifu
In 1927, the brothers Chen Lifu and Chen Guofu established a secret organization with the purpose of supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing communism, the "Central Club", referred to as the "CC Faction".
Taking advantage of the fact that they were in charge of "cleaning up the party," the Chen brothers sent some Kuomintang people loyal to them to carry out the task of "cleaning up the party" in various localities, and disbanded, reorganized, and rebuilt the party departments in various localities, replacing them with "CC factions." By 1933, the Kuomintang organization was largely in the hands of the Chen brothers.
At the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang in November 1935, Chen Lifu received 4 more votes than Chiang Kai-shek. This also proves that it is not nonsense to directly prove that the "Chen Family Party in the World of the Jiang Family" is not nonsense. Chiang Kai-shek was ready to question the Chen brothers, but Chen Guofu quickly moved out of Chen Qimei's widow to intercede, and Chiang Kai-shek did not pursue the matter any further.
Chen Guofu
After Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in Taiwan, he reflected on the reasons for the defeat and held that "those who have failed in the aftermath of yu's achievements have been entrusted to others by the party affairs committee, while they have been in charge of military affairs and politics, and have no foundation for personnel organization and training. In the future, can we put party affairs first?" So after Taiwan was respiteful, Chiang Kai-shek started the work of transforming the Kuomintang.
On March 9, 1950, Chiang Kai-shek formally appointed Chen Cheng as the president of the Executive Yuan. Three days later, Chen Cheng invited the "legislators" to listen to their opinions on the selection of the new cabinet members.
In the Kuomintang, Chen Lifu was the leader of the CC faction and had long been at odds with Chen Cheng, so Chiang Kai-shek was very concerned about Chen Lifu's attitude toward Chen Cheng's appointment as president of the "Executive Yuan."
Temporary
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was considering shrinking his troops and withdrawing the troops from Zhoushan and Hainan to Taiwan, and felt that the situation was uncertain at this time, and it was not appropriate to rush to the transformation of the party, not to mention that the transformation of the Kuomintang was a big project, and it was by no means an overnight achievement.
However, on May 25, when Chiang Kai-shek went to the Kuomintang "Central Standing Committee" to report on the "Implementation Plan of the Program of the Revolutionary Practice Movement", he found that most of the "Standing Committee members" had completely disappeared in self-confidence and faith, so they decided to abandon the Kuomintang "Central Standing Committee".
After Tong Guanxian resigned as president of the "Legislative Yuan" for health reasons, a conflict broke out between Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Lifu over who would serve as president of the "Legislative Yuan." Chiang Kai-shek was prepared to be replaced by Liu Jianqun, who was closely related to the Huangpu clan, especially Chen Cheng. Chen Lifu, on the other hand, believed that by re-electing the president, the "Legislative Yuan" would become chaotic again, and advocated that Tong Guanxian's resignation would not be approved for the time being.
At the meeting of all the members of the "Legislative Yuan," the "legislators" of the "CC Department" and the "Huangpu Department" quarreled incessantly, and Chiang Kai-shek was extremely disappointed, scolding Chen in his diary: "I don't know the general body, the ghosts worship it like this, and I will not be defeated and die!" He also scolded himself, "The use of people is unknown, and the mistake of the party and the state is a great crime."
After the defeat of the Kuomintang on the mainland, Chiang Kai-shek estimated that the United States had the possibility of severing relations with Taiwan, so he was determined to "do whatever it takes to eliminate the internals first, clarify politics, and stabilize the foundation as the only way to save the country.
The reason why Chen Lifu opposed Liu Jianqun acting as "legislative president" was because he felt that this was Chen Cheng's means of seizing power, and if Chen Cheng was allowed to submit it, then his position in Taiwan would take a sharp turn for the worse. Chen Cheng, on the other hand, felt that Chen Lifu was putting his personal grievances above the "interests of the party and the state, and that Chen Lifu himself wanted to be the "president of the legislature."
When Chiang Kai-shek was using Chen Cheng, he of course refused to agree to Chen Cheng's resignation. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek was determined to open a knife to Chen Lifu and put forward the idea of "transforming the Kuomintang," saying, "If the party is not thoroughly transformed, there is really no way to save the country."
In early June 1950, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the "Central Bank" to reorganize the supervisory board and board of supervisors, kicked Chen Lifu to the board of supervisors, and met with Chen Lifu, criticizing Chen Lifu for being "narrow in measurement and not having much understanding," warning Chen, and saying that "in the future, he must not be allowed to participate in party affairs."
In June 1950, Chiang Kai-shek burned the first fire of the "rectification" of the Kuomintang to Chen Bosheng, a confidant of the Chen brothers and editor-in-chief of the Kuomintang Central Daily.
This Chen Bosheng not only took the lead in opposing the approval of Tong Guanxian's resignation, but also made a comment in the "Central Daily", alluding to Chen Cheng, and Chiang Kai-shek believed that Chen Bosheng's approach was "openly reactionary and open-minded" and must be "thoroughly investigated." In the end, Chen Bosheng was dismissed from his post and left the JoongAng Daily.
After Chen Bosheng stepped down, Chiang Kai-shek aimed the rectification at Chen Lifu.
On July 12, 214 "Central Executive Committee Members" and "Supervisory Commission Members" of the Kuomintang jointly wrote a letter asking Chiang Kai-shek to transform the Kuomintang." Two days later, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Yu Youren, Zou Lu, Ju Zheng, Zhang Qun, and other Kuomintang elders and Chen Cheng to jointly study the transformation plan. Five days later, the list of "Central Reform Commissioners" was released, and Chen Lifu's name was no longer on it.
On July 21, Chiang Kai-shek met with the "Standing Committee of the Central Committee" to discuss the plan for the transformation of the Kuomintang.
At the meeting, some of the "Standing Committee members" opposed the reform, and Chiang Kai-shek believed that Chen Lifu was behind the scenes, and rarely publicly accused Chen Lifu of "not being able to carry out party discipline and only caring about the individual and not the party-state." Jiang said to the "Central Standing Committee" attending the meeting: "The reform of the party cannot be postponed any longer, and if the comrades do not trust me, I can only withdraw from my own party." The participants, intimidated by Chiang Kai-shek's might, were all too frightened to make a sound.
On July 26, 1950, the list of 16 members of the Kuomintang "Central Reform Committee" was released, chen cheng ranked first, and Chen Lifu and Kong Xiangxi were listed as no one. When chiang kai-shek met with reporters, he also made a "special explanation" falsely, saying that he trusted Kong Xiangxi and the Chen brothers as before, and that the discord between the outside world and them was all rumors, and so on.
The Reform Committee subsequently became the de facto "Central Party Department" of the Kuomintang, and the "Chen Family Party" became the "Chiang Family Party" from then on. Chiang Kai-shek excitedly wrote in his diary: "This is a major event in the history of the revolution, and it is actually the last line of the party's resurrection from the dead."
The day before the "reform committee members" took the oath, Chen Lifu left Taiwan and flew to Switzerland.
Did Chiang Kai-shek drive Chen Lifu away, or did Chen Lifu himself want to leave? For a long time, opinions were divided. In October 2005, Chen Lifu's son Chen Zepetcai said in an interview with Phoenix Satellite TV: It was Chiang Kai-shek who asked Chen Lifu to leave the country within 24 hours, resulting in Chen Lifu not even saying goodbye to his friends before leaving.
Chen Lifu's own account is that on July 21, 1950, after Chiang Kai-shek criticized Chen Lifu by name, Chen Lifu felt very desperate. In any case, Chen Lifu was always loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, so how could Chiang Kai-shek say that he was "advocating democracy against him"?
Chen Lifu thought about it and felt that he should resign and leave Taiwan as soon as possible and "go to the United States."
Before leaving, Chen Lifu went to Chiang Kai-shek's apartment to resign, but Chiang Kai-shek did not see him. Only Song Meiling gave Chen Lifu a copy of the Bible, asking him to read it much, and Chen Lifu pointed to the statue of Chiang Kai-shek hanging on the wall and said, "Madam, God doesn't trust me when I live, so why do I read this thing?"
So Chen Lifu left a letter to Chiang Kai-shek, saying: "I have been heavily influenced by the president for fifteen years, and I am ashamed that I have not shown any performance." For all future political issues, please do not look for me again. I've never been interested in that. "
Why did Chiang Kai-shek drive Chen Lifu away? The reasons are manifold.
The Kuomintang has long been riddled with factions, and Chiang Kai-shek has long been dissatisfied with this. After arriving in Taiwan, the original Gui and Jin factions gradually withered away, but Chen Lifu's CC department still controlled the "Legislative Yuan" and could restrain Chiang Kai-shek, which Chiang Kai-shek absolutely could not agree to.
The power of the CC department, Chiang Kai-shek has long been taught.
Li Zongren
After the defeat of Taiwan, Chen Lifu still controlled the Legislative Yuan and the Central Party Department, and did not want to make any reforms. Using Liu Jianqun as acting "legislative president" and expanding the power of Chen Cheng's "Executive Yuan" were all chiang kai-shek's intentions, but they were all opposed by Chen Lifu's CC department, so Chiang Kai-shek decided that he must take action against Chen Lifu.
What's more, Chiang Kai-shek was cultivating Chiang Ching-kuo to succeed him at this time, and if he did not eliminate the CC faction, after his future death, Chiang Ching-kuo's resistance to the authorities would also increase, and even whether he could succeed him would become a problem.
Fortunately, after Chen Lifu, Chiang Kai-shek did not kill him. Before Chen Lifu boarded a plane to the United States in Switzerland, he received the "No. 1 Party Card" copied by Chiang Kai-shek. This meant that Chiang Kai-shek admitted that Chen Lifu was still a kuomintang member.
Chen Lifu's departure, the "CC series" of this hundred-footed insect did not die at once. In 1952, when the "Executive Yuan" proposed to adjust Taiwan's electricity prices, it was opposed in the "Legislative Yuan", which was still a remnant of the "CC faction" obstructing. After that, Zhang Daofan, the backbone of the CC faction and the "legislative president", was attacked many times, and some CC members were also purged from the "Legislative Yuan".
After Chen Lifu arrived in the United States, he first took over huamei Daily, and then bought a chicken farm in New Jersey for $47,000 to raise chickens in the United States. Chen Lifu and his wife and three sons personally did it, and Chiang Kai-shek would also have people send some money every year for their family to live in the United States.
In 1961, Chen Lifu's chicken farm suffered a fire, most of the chickens raised were burned to death, and life fell into a dilemma. Chen Lifu then pickled the eggs in stock into peeled eggs and sold them under the name of "Chen Lifu Peeled Eggs", which actually sold very well. Later, he launched "Chen Lifu Chili Sauce", but in the American market, which does not like to eat spicy, this chili sauce sold dismal sales and lost a lot.
During this time, Chiang Kai-shek did not stop funding Chen Lifu. According to Taiwanese archives, in June 1952, Chiang Kai-shek entrusted Yu Guohua to send Chen Lifu and Hu Shi 5,000 US dollars each. Half a year later, he sent Chen Lifu 5,000 US dollars. Every year after that, Chen Lifu always received dollars from Taiwan.
In order to test whether Chen Lifu really "retired to the mountains and forests," Chiang Kai-shek asked Chiang Ching-kuo to come forward and ask Chen Lifu to come out of the mountains to serve as an "ambassador" to Spain, but Chen Lifu said that he did not want to engage in politics anymore, which made old Chiang Completely relax.
Although Chiang Kai-shek is willing not to treat Chen Lifu badly in the economic field, he does not want Chen Lifu to return to Taiwan, and only hopes that he can be a public servant in the United States and grow old, which is good for him and for Xiao Jiang.
When Chen Guofu died of illness in Taipei, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that Chen Lifu would return to Taiwan for funerals, so he preemptively sent a telegram to Chen Lifu, saying that chen Guofu's funeral had been properly arranged, and the implication was that you Chen Lifu did not have to come back!
Only in 1961, when his father Chen Qiye was critically ill, Chen Lifu returned to Taiwan for a short time to visit. Chiang Kai-shek was greatly jealous and sent people to warn Chen Lifu that he and the "CC faction" on the island should have "determination to insulate." Chen Lifu is also a smart person, so this time he returned to Taiwan, just to take care of his father, and soon after his father's death, he returned to the United States.
On October 31, 1966, Chiang Kai-shek celebrated his 80th birthday. At this time, Xiao Jiang's wings in Taiwan were already abundant, and Chen Lifu no longer had the possibility of turning the waves, so Chiang Ching-kuo generously invited Chen Lifu to return to Taiwan and congratulate Chiang Kai-shek on his birthday.
Chen Lifu gave Chiang a special gift: his own "Four Books and The Tao Guan," which Chiang Kai-shek was very happy to receive. Subsequently, Chen Lifu became the president of the Confucius and Mencius Society in Taiwan, and he was able to travel freely between the United States and Taiwan.
In his later years, Chen Lifu was very concerned about the great cause of reunification between the two sides of the taiwan strait. In September 1992, when he received a reporter from the mainland visiting Taiwan, he said: "For the sake of national reunification, as long as the people on both sides of the strait need me, I will go to the mainland."
Chen Lifu died on February 8, 2001 at the age of 101.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > "Scapegoat for Northeast Defeat" Xiong Shihui</h1>
Xiong Shihui was a member of the League who participated in the Xinhai Revolution. After graduating from the Japanese Army University in 1925, he gradually gained Chiang Kai-shek's trust because he successfully plotted against the Jiangxi warlord Lai Shihuan on the way to the Northern Expedition and made meritorious efforts in capturing Nanchang.
Among the elders of the League, there were few who were as loyal to Chiang Kai-shek as Xiong Shihui.
Xiong Shihui
After Chiang Kai-shek was forced into the field in 1927, Xiong Shihui, then commander of the Northern Expeditionary Army, immediately resigned and called Chiang Kai-shek: "Since the commander-in-chief is high and far away, I am not willing to lead the troops, and I hope to follow the left and right." Chiang Kai-shek was greatly moved and told Xiong Shihui not to abandon his troops, because the barrel of the gun would be of great use in the future.
In January 1928, Chiang Kai-shek was reinstated. Xiong Shihui personally escorted Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing, and along the way, after saddling up his horse, he worked hard and made great achievements, in exchange for the high position of acting commander of the Songhu garrison, and from then on he officially became Chiang Kai-shek's confidant.
Xiong Shihui was not of Chiang Kai-shek's concubine lineage, but among the non-concubines, he was the most trusted and favored general of Chiang Kai-shek. This is due to the fact that he was good at pandering to Chiang Kai-shek and agreed from his heart to Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "taking care of the outside world before being at home."
At the time of the September 18 incident, Chiang Kai-shek was in Nanchang commanding the suppression of the Communists.
Under the pressure of the people of the whole country, Chiang Kai-shek was preparing to return to Nanjing, and Xiong Shihui persuaded Chiang Kai-shek: "Victory in suppressing bandits is in sight, internal turmoil must be swept away first, and external troubles must be calmly dealt with." He vigorously exhorted Chiang Kai-shek to first focus on suppressing the Communists, "The Pain of Cutting Flesh is like the pain of cutting flesh, and the CCP is a disease of corrupt hearts." This made Chiang Kai-shek happy and happy, believing that Xiong Shihui was his confidant.
In 1931, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Xiong Shihui as chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Government to assist in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. Because of the effectiveness of the "suppression of the Communists" and his ability to speculate on Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts, Chiang Kai-shek praised Xiong Shihui as "a talented and discerning person in our party," relied more heavily on Xiong Shihui, and placed Chiang Ching-kuo in Jiangxi for training, and Xiong Shihui immediately became Chiang Kai-shek's "prince and wife," which shows the trust of old Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Ching-kuo
After Japan's surrender, Chiang Kai-shek had great expectations for the reception of the northeast, and fantasized about effortlessly taking the northeast from the Soviet army. Xiong Shihui was a military representative of the Sino-Soviet cooperation against the Japanese army in the northeast at that time, and he was also full of confidence in taking over the northeast, believing that according to the treaty signed between China and the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang could quickly recover the northeast.
But the truth mercilessly slapped Xiong Shihui in the face. Although the Soviet Union recognized the treaty, it did not provide substantial assistance to the Kuomintang in accordance with the treaty, resulting in the Kuomintang army not being able to reach the northeast in the shortest possible time, and the Chinese Communists seized the opportunity.
This was a fatal mistake for the Kuomintang, and the consequences of this mistake were magnified again and again in the subsequent liberation wars, making Chiang Kai-shek feel heartache whenever he thought of this section.
In March 1946, Xiong Shihui succeeded Du Yuming, who had left his post due to illness, in Jinzhou and became the supreme commander of the nationalist army in the northeast region. However, at this time, Chiang Kai-shek had lost his trust in Xiong Shihui in the past, and soon appointed Zheng Dongguo to handle all affairs, seized the command of the troops, and Xiong Shihui was vacated. Xiong Shihui was extremely dissatisfied in his heart, but there was nothing he could do.
In August 1947, Chiang Kai-shek decided to abolish the Northeast Security Command and merge the department into the Northeast Xing Battalion, which was replaced by Chen Cheng's command. After Chen Cheng suffered a defeat in the northeast, he pushed the responsibility to Xiong Shihui, and the American adviser Wei Demai also helped Chen Cheng speak, saying that Xiong Shihui had no plan and no way to face the communist army in the northeast in recent years, only knew corruption and waste, and it was no wonder that the people in the northeast opposed the government.
After that, Xiong Shihui became a member of the Strategic Advisory Committee and handed over military and political powers until the Kuomintang defeated Taiwan and was never reused again.
In 1949, the Kuomintang was gone, and the disheartened Xiong Shihui went from Shanghai to Hong Kong via Guangzhou, and has since not asked about political affairs.
In Hong Kong, Xiong Shihui still lives a luxurious life by relying on years of looting of folk fat and people's cream. At that time, many of the old subordinates who fled to Hong Kong came to the door for help, and Xiong Shihui loved money as much as his life, not only did not receive help, but called the police to drive these people away.
Some reported to the Hong Kong police that Xiong Shihui's family had purchased a fake passport on the black market and were preparing to smuggle them into Argentina, so the police arrested Xiong Shihui and put him in a detention center. Xiong Shihui's wife asked a lawyer to defend him at a high price, and he was acquitted. After this incident, Xiong Shihui's reputation also stinked, and many Kuomintang military and political leaders were reluctant to associate with him.
Hong Kong can not stay, Xiong Shihui took his family to Thailand, took out all his savings, opened a textile factory in Thailand, hoping to change careers to become a businessman. But Xiong Shihui had no business experience, the textile factory lost money every day, and was deceived several times by scammers, and finally went out of business. At this time, the bear family had no income, and it became a problem for a large family to eat.
Fortunately, Xiong Shihui has been working in the Kuomintang for many years and always has a few friends. Zhang Qun, another elder of the Kuomintang, saw that Xiong Shihui had fallen to this point and was moved by compassion, so he said a lot of good things about Xiong Shihui in front of Chiang Ching-kuo, hoping that Xiao Jiang could come forward to pull Xiong Shihui.
Zhang Qun
In any case, when Chiang Ching-kuo was in charge of the government in Gannan Province, Xiong Shihui did not take care of Xiao Jiang less, and there was always a bit of old feelings. So Chiang Ching-kuo was ready to hang up the title of a consultant to Xiong Shihui and let him receive a dry pension.
However, Chen Cheng was incompatible with Xiong Shihui in the northeast that year, and seeing that Xiong Shihui had become a drowning dog, he did not fight white and did not fight, so he viciously sued Xiong Shihui in front of Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek then canceled the appointment of Xiong Shihui and let him find a way out.
Poor Bear-style Huiman thought that his pension was promising, and he rushed back to Taiwan from Thailand, but he did not expect to be greeted by such a news! Xiong Shihui originally hoped to see Chiang Kai-shek's side, and even thought about how to complain to Chiang Kai-shek, but he did not expect that the old Chiang Kai-shek turned his face and did not recognize anyone, and even did not talk about his affection at all!
Chiang Ching-kuo was still interesting enough to privately settle Xiong Shihui's family in Taichung and keep him away from Taiwan's political circles. After all, the prince came forward, and Chen Cheng was not good enough to kill them all, so Xiong Shihui shrank his head and made a YuGong.
Xiong Shihui is good at calligraphy and painting, and after doing yugong, he sells paintings by writing and selling, and also earns a little money, just to supplement the family. Whenever he thinks of the past, this former feudal official's heart is full of misery: what did he finally get after his life of opposing communism?
On June 21, 1974, Xiong Shihui died in Taichung at the age of 81. His funeral was scrawled, with almost no Taiwanese dignitaries attending, not even Chiang Ching-kuo showing up, and only Zhang Qun presenting a wreath in his personal name.