Since the founding of New China in 1949, the feud between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party has completely intensified, and it was originally regarded as a domestic contradiction between the two parties.
With the establishment of the New China represented by the Communist Party of China and the establishment of the Chiang Kai-shek regime with the Kuomintang army at its core, coupled with the provocation and obstruction of the International community in the Western world headed by the United States, the struggle between the two parties has become a struggle between two different regimes.
In Taiwan in 1949, the Kuomintang regime established by Chiang Kai-shek occupied the entire Taiwan Province, backed by the United States, and for a time Taiwan Province and New China became "the old enemies of one country".
This was a doomed resolution from the beginning of the Kuomintang's withdrawal from Taiwan, but it is undeniable that the Taiwan regime established by the Kuomintang in the 1950s and 1990s did have a considerable impact on the new Chinese regime with the support of the United States.
That is to say, the Kuomintang represented by Chiang Kai-shek has also been brilliant, but how did chiang kai-shek's family world, which was once "only covering the sky," go to its demise step by step? Let's look back at this period of Taiwan's past.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > I. Chiang Kai-shek regime in Taiwan Province: Mobilization to Suppress Rebellion, Martial Law Government</h1>
1. Appointment of the Chairman: Grasp power with one hand and economy with the other
In 1949, with the defeat of the Battle of Huaihai, the superiority of the Kuomintang army represented by Chiang Kai-shek in the Central Plains had disappeared, and the last "appointment notice" was issued before Chiang Kai-shek left the field. At that time, after the end of the war, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Chen Cheng as the chairman of Taiwan Province, which also laid the foundation for Chiang Kai-shek's decision to temporarily abandon the mainland and surrender Taiwan before retiring.
Temporary
In order to be able to give Chen Cheng practical help, Chiang Kai-shek secretly ordered all the silver dollars, gold, and U.S. dollar bills stored in the national treasury to be shipped to Taiwan under the banner of currency reform, and the last bit of hard money on the mainland was scavengering, in order to gain a firm foothold in Taiwan and lay an economic foundation for his future defeat and retreat from Taiwan.
At that time, the number of mainland soldiers and civilians who followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan was as high as more than 1.2 million, and such a huge emigration made the local population structure of Taiwan change in an instant, and after the Kuomintang military and civilians were stationed in Taiwan, they also carried out drastic reforms in Taiwan.
Some people may wonder what kind of power Chiang Kai-shek has in Taiwan that can make the Kuomintang directly the legitimate leader of Taiwan Province after the defeat of the war; as we said earlier, Chiang Kai-shek had already issued an order to appoint the chairman of Taiwan before judging the defeat of the War of Liberation, and that currency reform and other means had made sufficient preparations for his retreat to Taiwan in the future.
However, despite this, what can really make the military and the people obey the order is the unified ideology, which is that Chiang Kai-shek relied on the name of "counter-attacking the mainland" to make the Kuomintang government's ruling power in Taiwan Province legitimate, and it is obvious that the counter-attack on the mainland can make these military and civilians who follow the Kuomintang unite and willingly do things for Chiang Kai-shek.
In fact, it was Chiang Kai-shek who gave many preferential policies to these mainland soldiers and civilians who followed him, first uniting to subdue the locals in Taiwan, and then realizing their ambitions to counterattack the mainland.
In 1949, chiang kai-shek entered Taiwan Province after the promulgation of martial law, according to folk data, during the 38 years of martial law in Taiwan, the Kuomintang slaughtered about 3,000-5,000 soldiers and civilians, so Chiang Kai-shek's martial law order is also known as "mobilization to suppress martial law massacre."
2. Intensification of the contradiction between provincial nationality: the antagonism between people in this province and people from other provinces
To ask how the Chiang dynasty ended, we have to mention a series of opposing policies that they themselves triggered.
After the defeat of the Kuomintang in the Liberation War in 1949, in order to settle the villages established by the military and civilians who followed the Kuomintang government from Chinese mainland to Taiwan and the families they brought, these outsiders were isolated from the local residents of Taiwan at that time, and became a village.
On the one hand, due to factors such as the place of residence and the environment of the people from other provinces living in the village and the people of Taiwan Province, the two sides have been in an isolated environment for a long time, and they cannot communicate, communicate and integrate.
On the other hand, it is also because these mainland soldiers and civilians who migrated to Taiwan Province in the 1950s due to the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, although they lived in the "family villages" in Taiwan, never forgot their mission of "loyalty to the Republic of China" and always opposed the idea of Taiwan establishing an independent state.
In their view, Taiwan is only a temporary place of residence, and they will have to return to the mainland in the future, so there is no good impression on the locals in Taiwan Province. The refusal of people from other provinces from the mainland and taiwan's own provinces has directly led to tension in bilateral relations, and different ideologies have directly led to irreconcilable contradictions between new immigrants and indigenous people in dependent villages.
Initially, the Kuomintang government and the so-called public opinion institutions were mainly people from other provinces, and even the examination was given priority to people from other provinces, and only a small number of places were opened to candidates from this province who accounted for the majority of the population.
In fact, as early as 1945, when the war was defeated, the Taiwanese people thought that they could return to the embrace of the motherland, rejoiced, and organized a group to go to the mainland by boat, after which the Kuomintang troops came to Taiwan, and the Taiwanese also lined up to welcome them.
Even if one day Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regime can really return to the mainland, it will be those people from other provinces who will return to Nanjing to do their best, and they will have no interest in these local people in Taiwan province.
What's more, New China has already been founded, and the so-called "counter-attack on the mainland" is simply nonsense, and the local people in Taiwan have not even been regarded as their own by the Kuomintang army, except for making senseless sacrifices.
In addition, there is also a blood feud between two hundred and twenty-eight, which makes the people of this province and the people of other provinces seriously antagonistic, no one looks down on anyone, and the inter-provincial contradictions have intensified, becoming ethnic conflicts on the island, and even spreading to politics, binding all political issues. An unpopular leadership collective will certainly have no future.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Second, changes in the international environment: the Kuomintang lost the protection and support of the United States and Japan</h1>
After the founding of New China, on the one hand, the efforts of the Communist Party of China, on the other hand, relying on the help of the Soviet Union, New China gained a firm foothold in the crumbling.
Looking back at the policy of blockade and encirclement of the new China in 1949, and more than once to prevent China's action to recover Taiwan, after World War II, the Ambitions of the United States for Eurasia only increased, but in the early post-war period, because China was deeply involved in civil war, the main resource investment of the United States was still in Europe, and China was only slightly concerned, and it was not yet a climate.
However, in 1949, when the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was on the verge of coming to an end, the numerical comparison between the Kuomintang and the Communist People's Liberation Army changed, and the People's Liberation Army had the upper hand, and seeing that there were major changes in China's domestic situation, the United States saw an opportunity in it when Chiang Kai-shek defeated the mainland and returned to Taiwan.
Since then, the United States has begun to intervene in the Taiwan issue, on the one hand, under the situation of the expansion of international communist forces in the Soviet Union, the United States has felt a crisis and is worried that the Chinese Communist Party will achieve the victory of communism in both Chinese mainland and Taiwan, and on the other hand, because the United States has tried to build Taiwan into a base in the strategy of containing Asia in order to realize its strategic policies in Asia and the Far East.
After Nixon's visit to China in 1972, sino-US relations began to break the ice, and after that, Japan also began to ease diplomatic relations with New China and took the lead in establishing diplomatic relations with China.
Obviously, the practices of the United States and Japan have caused the foundation of the Kuomintang army's "counter-attack on the mainland" to begin to shake, and the anti-communist ideology that has been shaped for a long time is crumbling.
After Chiang Kai-shek's death, the Kuomintang staged a drama of court succession, and Chiang Ching-kuo took a two-pronged approach, actively engaging in economic construction on the one hand, and political reform on the other hand, uniting the people of his province to carry out construction.
However, no matter how reform is carried out, it will not be able to resist the changes in the international climate, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979 proves that the sky of the Kuomintang reactionaries has completely collapsed, even if they have long ceased to have the big dream of "counterattacking the mainland", they are not willing to re-merge with the mainland in this way.
After the strategy of "counter-attacking the mainland" completely failed, on the one hand, after the collapse of the anti-communist ideology, democratization, autonomy, and localization quickly occupied the high ground of public opinion, posing a great challenge to the Kuomintang reactionaries; on the other hand, new parties began to rise, especially the Democratic Progressive Party, which became parties that were no different from the Kuomintang forces.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Third, the rise of the New Party poses a great challenge to the Kuomintang regime</h1>
After Chiang Kai-shek's death, all political power in Taiwan was firmly in the hands of Chiang Ching-kuo, and after Chiang Ching-kuo came to power, he readjusted the top-level figures in the army and controlled the real power of secret agents and political workers.
However, the "three generations of Chiang Ching-kuo" are not empty, and Chiang Ching-kuo's three sons are not great instruments, unable to assume the succession position and become the next leader of Taiwan, which also forced Chiang Ching-kuo to directly abandon the hereditary family world.
Chiang Ching-kuo
Chiang Ching-kuo's eldest son, Jiang Xiaowen, was the eldest grandson of the authentic Chiang family, who was brilliant and dignified from an early age, but this also laid the foundation for his playboy disposition, his academic performance was not good, he often played, spent days and days and wine, not only often made trouble, was arrogant and lascivious, did not do evil, repeatedly broke into great disasters, and finally died because of his youthful drunkenness, weak body, and weak will.
Therefore, it is inevitable that Chiang Ching-kuo will pin his hopes on his second son, Jiang Xiaowu, who studied in Germany, returned to Taiwan to earn a living after completing his studies, entered a cultural institution for tempering under his father's arrangement, and later entered the Kuomintang party affairs department to familiarize himself with the situation, and successively appointed the director of the Central Radio Station and the executive secretary of the National Security Conference and other important posts.
Jiang Xiaowu
Under Chiang Ching-kuo's arrangement, Jiang Xiaowu came into contact with the core level of Taiwan's intelligence system step by step, and in 1984, because Jiang Xiaowu had little experience and was extremely immature politically, he took it upon himself to secretly plot Taiwan's intelligence agencies to join forces with the underworld and assassinate the famous writer Jiangnan, which was the sensational "Jiangnan Murder Case" at that time, and Jiang Nan was the author of "Chiang Ching-kuo's Biography.".
As soon as this incident came out, the image of so-called democracy and freedom established by Chiang Ching-kuo collapsed violently, the KMT's ruling position in society was undermined, and the DPP grew up.
When Chiang Ching-kuo died in 1988, because the Chiang family had no heirs who could inherit Taiwan's military power, Chiang Ching-kuo took advantage of this to preach his freedom and rule of law and chose a new successor, Lee Teng-hui.
After Lee Teng-hui took office as chairman of the Kuomintang of the Taiwan authorities, through a series of means to break the situation of the split of the "government, party, and army" power at that time, he became the new chairman who monopolized power; during Lee Teng-hui's reign, he founded the so-called "Taiwan independence" and "black gold" schools.
As chairman of the Kuomintang, he was in line with the so-called ideology and line of the DPP, which did not preach the so-called "Taiwan independence" in the early days of its founding until 1991, when the "Taiwan independence party program" was written into the constitution, which openly changed the original struggle between the two parties into a struggle between two countries, saying that Taiwan and the People's Republic of China were no longer the antagonistic relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but the relationship between the country and the country.
Through the logic of man-made ethnic contradictions, "the Kuomintang is a provincial person, a provincial person is a mainlander, a mainlander is a Chinese, and an anti-Kuomintang is an anti-Chinese" the logic of putting Taiwan and China in complete opposition, and since then the process of Taiwan's "de-Sinicization" has begun, which has profoundly affected Taiwan's future development.
Lee
As chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang, Lee Teng-hui betrayed Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause, supported the DPP, which advocates "Taiwan independence," ruling on the island, openly proclaimed the "two-state theory," and stressed more than once that he was once Japanese; as a Chinese, as chairman of Taiwan, he has repeatedly openly supported Japan, declaring that "the Diaoyu Islands are territory belonging to Japan," and the KmT regime of the Chiang family was thus defeated at the hands of Lee Teng-hui.
Many people regard Taiwan after Lee Teng-hui came to power as an "era of chaotic values in Taiwan." Taiwan's transition from turmoil to democracy in the Chiang Ching-kuo era was very difficult, but under the leadership of Lee Teng-hui, democracy entered the "black gold" era.
Whether it is the so-called "Taiwan independence" or the "two-state theory," it is a destructive injury to Taiwan, has worn down the foundation of the Chinese nation, and even more missed the best opportunity for Taiwan to ease relations with China.
In this regard, KMT deputy Qiu Yi also openly criticized Lee Teng-hui, holding that he had forgotten his ancestors for the sake of power, introduced black money to Taiwan's political situation, polluted Taiwan politics, incited Taiwan independence, and pushed cross-strait relations into an even more tense situation.