◎ Science and Technology Daily reporter Jie Manbin Zhao Hanbin Liu Lianjun Wang Zhuhua
Recently, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on the in-depth promotion of the rural toilet revolution, stressing: "During the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, we must continue to regard the rural toilet revolution as an important task of rural revitalization, give play to the role of the main body of farmers, pay attention to local conditions, scientific guidance, adhere to the principle of subordinating quantity to quality, progress to practical results, seek good and not seek speed, resolutely oppose labor and wealth, engage in formal appearances, and advance in a down-to-earth manner." ”
Over the past few days, this reporter has gone deep into Gansu, Yunnan, Hebei, Hainan, and other provinces to visit the practical innovations and remarkable results achieved by various provinces in the process of implementation.
High-standard public toilets built in Xingtai City, Hebei Province.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="86" > Gansu: from "face change" to "change lizi"</h1>
"In the past, the home used a dry toilet, every summer it was full of flies, smelly, inconvenient and unhygienic, it was much more convenient after changing to a water toilet, and it was washed away by pressing the water lightly, which was both clean and hygienic, and now the toilet is very beautiful!" Yao Yanli, a villager in Dongfeng Village, Cypress Town, Chongxin County, Gansu Province, pointed to the clean and bright new toilet and told reporters.
"The toilet has been changed to the satisfaction of the people." This is the "answer sheet" handed over to the people by Gansu Province since the "toilet revolution" in 2018. According to statistics, as of 2020, Gansu Province has completed the transformation of 1.627 million rural sanitary household toilets, and the penetration rate has reached 33.2%.
In the process of toilet improvement, Gansu Province regards the recognition of the masses, the participation of the masses, and the satisfaction of the masses as the basic requirements, guides the masses to choose the mode of toilet improvement independently, and fully protects the right of the masses to participate.
"Originally, my family was a toilet made of asbestos tiles, and it was not strict, and my wife broke her waist last year, there was no toilet, and I couldn't even get on the toilet." Gao Lai, a villager in Lianjiazhuang Village, Dianzi Township, Heshui County, Gansu Province, said.
In the sanitary toilet, Gao Laixue chose to transform the three-format septic tank water flushing toilet and installed a toilet. However, some people have also rebuilt harmless sanitary toilets on the basis of their original septic tanks and bathing rooms.
At the same time, Gansu Province also actively explores practical technologies for manure fertilizer, promotes the use of manure resources such as compost and organic fertilizer production, sewage power treatment, biogas fermentation, etc., and establishes and improves a long-term mechanism for manure treatment and resource utilization in rural toilets, guiding the masses to return the extracted manure to the field in time and turn waste into treasure.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" > Yunnan: from "change the taste" to "change in place"</h1>
"Two bricks, a pit, smelly and dirty" was once a true portrayal of the vast rural toilets in Dongshan Community, Tengyue Town, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province.
Not long ago, villager Yang Jingqing's family went to the community to collect materials such as a glass steel septic tank and a flush toilet. With the help of Master Li Youqiang of the community toilet improvement construction team, the family used a clean water flush toilet.
"After installing it, it is clean and hygienic, and I can't smell the smell!" Yang Jingqing said happily.
In order to fully make up for the shortcomings of the people's quality of life, since 2019, Tengchong City has adopted the "water flushing sanitary toilet + assembled three-compartment glass steel septic tank + resource utilization" as the main technical model in the transformation of household toilets, and comprehensively promoted the reconstruction of harmless sanitary household toilets in the city.
According to data from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yunnan Province, in the past three years, Yunnan Province has carried out a rural "toilet revolution", built and rebuilt 3.3937 million harmless sanitary household toilets in rural areas, and 11,194 harmless sanitary public toilets in the location of administrative village committees, exceeding the three-year action target of the "toilet revolution" in Yunnan Province.
In the process of implementation, Yunnan Province has promoted the use of low water, low energy consumption, zero emissions, zero pollution, and small area of smart environmental protection public toilets, as well as low-carbon environmental protection, foam ecological public toilets and other types of ecological environmental protection public toilets, using humanized, easy to maintain, high-efficiency treatment technology, and realizing a comprehensive upgrade in the use of toilet technology.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="73" > Hebei: technology leads, turning waste into treasure</h1>
The toilet intelligent management and protection platform is a new measure for Xinle City, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, to innovate the rural toilet management and protection method and promote the rural "toilet revolution".
In Xinle Nanshuangjing Village, after the dry toilet is transformed into a water flushing toilet, the toilet of each household is connected to the intelligent management and protection platform, and after the toilet septic tank is full, scan the two-dimensional code or make a call, and immediately have someone to deal with it, fast and convenient.
At the same time, in order to better deal with toilet manure and livestock and poultry manure, Hanzhuang, Jinzhou City, Hebei Province, has established an organic waste resource utilization center, harmless treatment and fertilizer production are all closed underground operation, no three waste discharge, zero pollution.
"We use toilet manure as raw materials, and after microbial biochemical treatment, it becomes harmless organic water fertilizer and manure for agricultural production." Fan Jiantao, director of the toilet reform department in Jinzhou City, Hebei Province, said, "The combined treatment of toilet manure and livestock and poultry manure has solved the problem of insufficient fertility of toilet manure. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="69" > Hainan: policy advancement, mass satisfaction</h1>
In order to ensure the construction of rural toilets, Hainan Province has established a diversified input mechanism with provincial, municipal and county input as the mainstay, central subsidies as the supplement, financial active support, and participation of farmers and social capital, and in the past three years, the financial investment at all levels has reached 998 million yuan. At the same time, incentive measures such as financial subsidies, "red and black lists" and "integral supermarkets" were implemented to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers.
Newly built environmental protection toilets in rural Tunchang County, Hainan. Courtesy of the respondent
Taking institutional innovation as a breakthrough, Hainan Province has solidly carried out the three-year action of "toilet revolution" since 2018 and achieved positive results. At present, the province has built a total of 1.2529 million rural sanitary toilets and 4,085 rural public toilets, farmers have gradually developed good hygiene habits, and the level of village cleanliness has been significantly improved.
With the in-depth promotion of the rural toilet improvement project in various provinces, it not only makes up for the shortcomings that affect the quality of life of the people, but also continuously improves the living environment, so that the masses have established the awareness of stressing civilization, hygiene and bad habits, and the sense of happiness and gain of the masses has been continuously improved.
Edited by: Huang Lei
Review: Wang Xiaolong