【Exploring the Source of The Spirit to Highlight the Value of the Times】
【Theme of the 24th Issue: The Spirit of Reform and Opening Up】
Guangming Daily reporter Chang He Fang Li Wen Yuan
"The great spirit of reform and opening up forged by reform and opening up has greatly enriched the connotation of the national spirit and become the most distinctive spiritual identity of the contemporary Chinese people!" On December 18, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.
Looking back at the changes over the past 40 years, nothing can profoundly affect the course of China's and world history like China's reform and opening up. The magnificent practice has irrefutably proved that without reform and opening up, there would be no brilliance of China today, nor the glory of Tomorrow.
"Chinese's rice bowl must be in his own hands, and the problem of who will cultivate the land in the future must be solved." Only by vigorously developing modern agriculture can we completely release the productive forces of land. On December 30, 2020, in the courtyard of the "Jinchang Restaurant" in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, the sun was just right, and 77-year-old Yan Jinchang and reporters discussed the topic of modern agricultural reform.
43 years ago, Yan Jinchang and 17 farmers kicked off China's rural reform by pressing the red handprint. For more than 40 years, every time it concerns the reform of agriculture and rural areas, the people of Xiaogang Village have not been absent. In 2016, Yan Jinchang took the lead in publishing land information on the soil flow network, and the leader of the "big bag of dry" once again became the first person in the land circulation of Xiaogang Village. "My own family's land has all been transferred out, and there is a rent of 800 yuan per mu of land per year, and if you look at this farm of my own family, the annual income must be more than 100,000 yuan." Yan Jinchang is full of confidence in the future.
"The spirit of transcendence in revolutionizing the past, the revolutionary spirit of overcoming thorns and thorns, the innovative spirit of daring to be the first, the spirit of catching up with only the day, the spirit of daring to break through and dare to try, the pragmatic spirit of being down-to-earth, and the spirit of taking responsibility for facing difficult problems head-on." For the connotation of the spirit of reform and opening up, Professor Han Qingxiang of the Central Party School (National School of Administration) summed it up like this.
"Reform and opening up have created a development miracle, and in the future, we must deepen reform and expand opening up with greater boldness, and continue to write more 'spring stories.'" General Secretary Xi Jinping's sonorous words tell people that the spirit of reform and opening up will continue to write a new chapter on the land of China.
Located in Shanghai Pudong New Area, the construction site of Zhangjiang Station of Shanghai Rail Transit Municipal Line Airport Liaison Line Project. Xinhua News Agency
The posture of reform and opening up has won the trust and respect of the world
Time back to 1978. On May 11 of that year, a special commentator's article entitled "Practice is the Only Criterion for Testing Truth" was published in Guangming Daily. Just six thousand words, stirring for decades. The article set off a great debate on the standard of truth that swept China and became a philosophical lever to leverage reform and opening up.
On the night of November 24 of that year, in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, 18 farmers gathered in the hut of villager Yan Lijia and pressed a bright red handprint on a "secret contract." Unexpectedly, it was this almost tragic move that opened the prelude to China's rural reform.
Wen is to learn the new.
Today, Yan Jinchang, one of the "leaders of the big bag of dry goods," always proudly recalls to people the immediate results of the original "great disobedience in the world": In the first year after the implementation of the "big bag of dry work," Xiaogang Village still achieved a bumper harvest in the face of a rare drought. The total output of oil and grain alone reached 35,000 catties, equivalent to the total output of the previous 20 years. The people of Xiaogang Village not only had enough to eat, but also handed over grain to the state and the collective, achieving a per capita net income of 400 yuan that year, which was 18 times that of the previous year. "This year, Xiaogang Village returned 800 yuan of state loans, which is the first time in the history of Xiaogang Village to return state loans."
The household contracting system that originated in Xiaogang Village liberated the productive forces of the countryside, like a spring thunder, awakening the sleeping earth. By the end of 1984, more than 99 percent of the country's 5.69 million production teams had implemented the household contract responsibility system, and the per capita grain ownership reached 800 kilograms, basically solving the problem of food and clothing. Reform and opening up has stimulated the creative vitality of hundreds of millions of people, burst out the force of change, and written the "Chinese miracle" that shocked the world.
On December 18, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing, and the Plenary Session made a great decision to implement reform and opening up, and started a new process of rural reform.
If "Practice is the Only Criterion for Testing Truth" breaks through the ideological shackles and lays the ideological foundation for China's reform and opening up, and the "big bag of cadres" in Xiaogang Village rushes out of the "forbidden area" and provides practical experience for China's reform and opening up, then the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee comprehensively sounded the clarion call of reform and opening up on the land of China.
In 1980, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou became special economic zones. In Shekou, a huge billboard with the words "Time is money, efficiency is life" took the lead in showing the "Shenzhen attitude" of emancipating the mind. This slogan then spread throughout the country and became a popular concept in the development of the socialist market economy.
In Beijing, more than a dozen members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference jointly proposed that teachers "enjoy the lofty social status that they should enjoy." In the end, Teachers' Day was determined in the form of a resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and Chongwen re-education gradually became a social climate.
On May 10, 1988, China's first high-tech industry development pilot zone was established in Beijing.
"The Spring of Education", "The Spring of Science and Technology", "Shenzhen Speed", "Wenzhou Model"... Since then, "reform" and "opening up" have become high-frequency "hot words" in the Chinese language, and have also become the "code" for the world to recognize China. The activated spring water is surging on the map of China.
China has won the trust and respect of the world with its attitude of reform and opening up. In addition to the influx of capital, technology and commodities, Western ideas and culture have also brought new enlightenment to the Chinese people.
On April 25, 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping sighed in Xiaogang Village: "The earth-shaking changes that have taken place in Xiaogang Village are a microcosm of China's reform and opening up. Practice has proved that only reform can have a way out, and reform must always be stressed and always new. ”
On February 9, 2018, Xiaogang Village carried out the first dividend of the collective asset share cooperative in the 40 years of reform and opening up, realizing the transformation from the villagers' "households have land" to "everyone holds shares and dividends". In the same year, the leader of the "Big Bag Of Cadres" in Xiaogang Village was selected as the only group to be selected as 100 "Reform Pioneers" winners.
Once the pace of reform and opening up is taken, those who are on the road are all strivers who work hard and have dreams together.
In May 2010, the state established the Kashgar Special Economic Zone to promote the coordinated development of the western region;
On September 29, 2013, the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was officially established;
On April 1, 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to establish a state-level new area in Xiong'an;
On April 14, 2018, the State Council issued guidance to support the construction of a pilot free trade zone on Hainan Island and explore the construction of a free trade port;
…………
The "Chinese spirit" of reform and opening up has brought about the "Chinese speed" that has attracted the world's attention.
On December 23, 2020, the 350 km/h high-speed cargo sports vehicle group developed by China was officially rolled off the production line at CRRC Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. "The biggest difference from the 'Harmony' to the 'Fuxing' is that it has changed from the original 'mixed race' to the real 'Chinese blood.'" The relevant responsible comrades of the EMU Section of the Vehicle Department of China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Co., Ltd. remember that at the end of 2006, the earliest "Harmony" EMU began to operate in the Shanghai Railway Bureau, until now, China's high-speed rail from scratch, from a runner to a leader, and now the operating mileage has reached 37,900 kilometers, ranking first in the world.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a total of 2,485 reform programs have been launched in various fields. In 2020, in the face of the complicated international and domestic situation, the 50 key reform tasks and 75 other reform tasks deployed by the Central Committee for Deep Reform have been basically completed, the relevant departments of the central and state organs have completed 143 reform tasks, and 268 reform plans have been introduced in various aspects.
Reform and opening up are always on the road, and what has become the inexhaustible driving force for reform and opening up is the self-confidence of the people in the road, theory, system and culture of the Chinese.
Futian District, Shenzhen in the morning light. Xinhua News Agency
"China's reform is the most complex and the most successful"
The wind rises in the South China Sea, and the tide surges on the Pujiang River.
41 years ago, the "first cannon of reform and opening up" sounded on the shores of Shenzhen Bay, and the special economic zone set sail from Shekou. Since then, the wharf is now, the high-rise building, the phoenix is coming, and the industry is thriving.
31 years ago, on the banks of the Huangpu River, the major decision to develop and open Pudong sounded the clarion call for the reform and opening up to advance in depth. On the former Farmland of Quemo, a modern new city with concentrated functions, complete elements and advanced facilities has risen.
Shenzhen Shekou and Shanghai Pudong, these two urban landmarks that "eat reform meals, take the road of opening up, and play the innovation card", constantly refresh the "speed" and "height" of China's reform and opening up.
In the past 41 years, Shenzhen has taken the lead in carrying out market-oriented economic system reform, pioneering more than 1,000 reform measures, and creating a "Shenzhen Speed" of "three days and one floor" with the practical concept of "time is money, efficiency is life", and achieving a historic leap from a backward border town to an international metropolis with global influence.
In the past 31 years, The first financial and trade zone, the first bonded zone, the first wholly foreign-owned trading company, the first foreign-funded bank, the first pilot free trade zone and many other "national firsts" have been born on this hot land of Pudong.
Great practice forges great spirit. The miracle of Shenzhen and the glory of Pudong have witnessed the progress of China's economy in breaking the ice and riding the wind and waves, and have also injected the concept of pioneering, innovative, open cooperation into the spiritual blood of the Chinese people.
For more than 40 years, Chinese people firmly believe that "innovation is the life of reform and opening up", always uphold the spirit of pioneering and innovative, and carry out a series of innovations from concept, practice to system: from "the planned economy is the mainstay, market regulation is supplemented" to "the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the role of the government is better played", from "adhering to the public ownership system as the mainstay, the non-public economy as the supplement" to adhering to the "two unwavering", from "introduction, digestion and re-absorption" to "independent innovation"... China's reform and opening up has run out of the "acceleration" of development and produced the fruitful fruits of the socialist market economy: in 1978, the average gross national income of the Chinese was only 200 US dollars, and China's total economic output accounted for only 1.8% of the world; today, China is the world's second largest economy and the largest industrial country.
For more than 40 years, China has adhered to the spirit of openness and cooperation, the door to opening up to the outside world has become wider and wider, and there have been more and more new highlands for reform and opening up: from the establishment of special economic zones such as Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan to joining the World Trade Organization, from the opening up of the eastern coast to the comprehensive opening up of the inland areas along the river, along the border and the central and western regions, from proposing and steadily promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" to successfully holding three sessions of the China International Import Expo that "buy the world and sell the world". From the establishment of the pilot free trade zone to the planning of a free trade port with Chinese characteristics... China has formed a new pattern of opening up to the outside world in an all-round, multi-level and wide range, and has leapt into an open economic power: over the past 40 years, China's total import and export of goods has increased by about 200 times, foreign investment has achieved a leap from zero to 100 billion US dollars, China has become a major trading partner of more than 100 countries, and the contribution rate of China's economic growth to world economic growth is more than 30% per year, ranking first in the world.
"Reform and opening up have completely jumped out of China's destiny from the 'downward channel' in modern times, and China's reform is the most complex and successful." American scholar Samuel Huntington commented on China's reform and opening up. This "epic progress", "the most exciting example in the history of human development", all shines with the light of the spiritual power of pioneering, innovating, opening up and cooperating, and condenses the majestic power of the sons and daughters of China to wade through dangerous shoals, break through rapids, and break barriers.
"We must take a higher level of self-reliance, implement a higher level of reform and opening up, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other." In October 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out the way forward for a new round of reform and opening up.
The spirit of pioneering, innovating, opening up and cooperating is still the magic weapon and source of strength for us to win in the new round of reform and opening up. China, which is in the midst of changes in the world and the changes of the times, is writing a new miracle in overcoming difficulties with a confident and calm demeanor - in the first three quarters of 2020, China's economic growth achieved for the first time in the year from negative to positive, the cumulative growth rate of foreign trade imports and exports turned positive for the first time in the year, and the cumulative indicators of attracting foreign investment in the renminbi and the US dollar were "double positive" for the first time in the year. As the first major economy to resume growth since the outbreak of the epidemic, China's economy has shown strong resilience and vitality.
Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County, Anhui Province during the harvest season. Profile picture
Reform and opening up has always been people-centered
Yucun, Anji County, Zhejiang Province, 400 kilometers southeast of Xiaogang Village, has been a place for silver and copper mining since the Song Dynasty. "In the 1980s and 1990s, high-quality limestone was found in the mountains, and three stone mines and a cement factory were opened in the village, and the cannons rumbled and cars came and went." Pan Wenge, secretary of the village party branch, said.
Relying on mining and selling stone and soil, Yucun once became the richest village in the county. But excessive demand damages the environment, "the leaves on the opposite green mountain have fallen layers of cement ash." Pan Wenge said that in 2003, Yucun decided to close the mine and close the factory, protect the ecological environment, and develop a green economy.
In 2005, Comrade Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, came to Yucun to investigate, where he first put forward the scientific thesis that "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains".
Say goodbye to pollution and usher in a new life. In the past 16 years, Yucun has transformed from a polluted village into a national 4A-level scenic spot. In 2020 alone, the number of tourists in Yucun was nearly 1 million. In this small mountain village, the villagers really enjoy the benefits of green water and green mountains, which are golden mountains and silver mountains.
What the people want, what the government wants. In December 2016, Zhejiang proposed for the first time the reform of "running at most once", implementing one-window acceptance, integrated services, and one-time settlement. The blade of reform refers to the "long march of handling certificates" that has been criticized by the masses.
The people are the fundamental force of reform and opening up, and the ultimate purpose of reform and opening up lies in adhering to the people-centered approach, satisfying the people's yearning for a better life, and continuously improving the people's lives and enhancing the people's well-being in the course of development.
Medical system reform, education reform, political system reform, judicial reform, economic system reform, state-owned enterprise reform... What the sharp blade of reform is aiming at is to eliminate chronic diseases, release vitality, and benefit the people.
"The source of living water out of Xin'an, a hundred turns back to the lower Qiantang." The Xin'an River, one originates in Anhui, and the other flows to Zhejiang. In 2012, Anhui and Zhejiang jointly launched the pilot project of the inter-provincial Xin'anjiang ecological compensation mechanism, creating a precedent for the construction of the inter-provincial water environment ecological compensation mechanism in China, and achieving win-win environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.
The "Xin'anjiang Model" has been promoted in many parts of the country. Nowadays, under the background of the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, this model is constantly "upgrading". On this basis, the reform of the river chief system, the forest chief system, and the lake chief system has been solidly promoted, and the water in Jianghuai has become clear, the forests are dense, and the mountains are green. Two years ago, Chen Zhengmao was a fisherman, and after the implementation of a ten-year fishing ban on Chaohu Lake on January 1, 2020, he "washed his feet and went ashore" like thousands of fishermen and became a "sanitation worker" on the water. "Although the income is not as high as that of fishing, there is no need to run around, there is a home on the shore, and the children have a place to go to school." He said.
In Jindong District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, the elderly can go to the village old-age service and care center for 2 yuan per meal to enjoy delicious meals. In March 2013, Jindong District tried the "home care" model, and in just 3 months, 129 village-level old-age service care centers were built.
There are children to be nurtured, learning to be taught, labor to be earned, sick to be treated, old to be supported, housing to live, weak and support... Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it has always been people-centered, ensuring and improving people's livelihood in the course of development.
The "Chang'e-5" returner successfully landed with lunar samples, the "Nine Chapters" computer helped China achieve the "superiority of quantum computing" for the first time, the Strivers all-sea deep manned submersible successfully completed the 10,000-meter sea test and returned to the ship in victory, and the Beidou system completed the global network deployment... In 2020, China achieved many major scientific and technological achievements.
Historically, China has repeatedly missed the world's scientific and technological revolution, but through reform and opening up, it has caught up with the trend of the times of a new round of scientific and technological revolution.
"Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the party and the people to catch up with the times in great strides, the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, a key move to determine the fate of contemporary China, and a key move to achieve the goal of the 'two hundred years' struggle and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." This is a Chinese road that makes dreams blossom, and every flower hides a "spring story", and these stories that can never be told come together to be the majestic Chinese power.
Guangming Daily ( 2021-01-13 05 edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily