The insect pests of tea tree mushrooms in the mushroom production stage are mainly mushroom mosquitoes and mites, both of which can feed on hyphae and fruiting bodies, with the characteristics of fast reproduction, heavy harm and difficult to control, which have a serious impact on product yield and quality. Prevention and control measures are proposed based on the living habits and cultivation procedures of mushroom mosquitoes and mites.
First, mushroom mosquito hazards and prevention
There are many kinds of mushroom mosquitoes, of which the Guangchangshan multi-fungal mosquito is the main species, which is one of the most important pests in the cultivation of tea tree mushrooms. Its larvae directly harm the hyphae and mushroom body, mushrooms, agaricus mushrooms, tea tree mushrooms, apricot abalone mushrooms, white spirit mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, Xiuzhen mushrooms, maitake flowers, woolly fungus, black fungus, white fungus and flat mushrooms and other varieties are the feeding objects of multi-fungal mosquitoes. Larvae endanger tea tree mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, maitake flowers often moth from the base of the stalk, bite the mushroom meat in the stalk, causing a broken stalk or lodging, adult insects often carry mites and pathogens, with the activity of the insect body and spread, causing a variety of diseases and insects at the same time, causing great loss to the yield and quality of edible mushrooms.
Prevention and control methods
(1) Reasonable choice of cultivation season and site: choose the season and site cultivation that is not conducive to the life of mushroom mosquitoes, and in areas where mushroom mosquitoes are frequent, stagger the mushroom production period with the activity period of mushroom mosquitoes, and choose a clean, dry, sunny cultivation place. There is no pond, no standing water, no rot accumulation within 50 meters of the cultivation farm, which can effectively reduce the multi-bacterial mosquito boarding place, reduce the source of insects and reduce the degree of harm.
(2) Multi-variety crop rotation, cut off the source of mushroom mosquito food: in October to December and March to June of the high incidence of mushroom mosquitoes, the mushroom mosquitoes do not like to eat mushrooms to cultivate mushrooms, such as the selection of shiitake mushrooms, abalone mushrooms, lion's head mushrooms and other cultivation, with this method of cultivation for two seasons, can reduce or disappear the source of insects in the area.
(3) Set up insect-proof nets or windows: mushroom shed cultivation can be on the outside of the shed cover 70 purposes of insect-proof nets, mushroom room cultivation can be installed on the window of the mushroom room, the door should be equipped with insect-proof yarn nets, to prevent the outside mushroom mosquitoes and other insects from flying into the spawn, but also can be sprayed on the yarn to kill insects.
(4) Booby-trapping adult insects: During the adult feathering period, insecticidal lamps are hung above the mushroom room, and a lamp is hung at a distance of 10 meters at intervals, and the lights are turned on at night and extinguished in the morning, trapping a large number of adult insects and effectively reducing the number of insect mouths. In the mushroom shed without power supply, a yellow sticky worm board can be hung above the mushroom bag, and then replaced with a new worm board after the yellow board is full of adult worms.
(5) Pharmaceutical control, the right medicine: closely observe the dynamics of insect infestation in the mycelium during the mushroom emergence period, when a small number of mushroom mosquito adult insects are found to be active at the mouth of the bag or the material surface, and there are a small number of larvae in the material, combined with the mushroom situation, timely medication is used. Harvest all the mushrooms that can be picked before spraying and stop watering for one day. In the case of adult insect feathering period, it is necessary to use the drug several times until the end of the feathering period, and choose agents that are safe for people and the environment, such as mushroom net, Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis), metamid avermectin and insecticide and other low-toxicity pesticides.
How to use the agent:
(1) Spray medication: mushroom net and methamoavermectin dosage in 1000 times, Bti (Thuiensis Israeli variant) can be used 1200ITU/mg wettable powder, 500 times the amount of 100 grams of preparation, add 50 kg of water spray, the whole mushroom field should be sprayed through, sprayed evenly.
(2) Hydration and dosing, soaking mushroom bags: After the tea tree mushrooms grow 2 tide mushrooms, the fungus bag loses more water, and it needs to be replenished to continue to produce mushrooms, combined with hydration in the bag to add a small amount of low-toxicity agents to kill the larvae in the bag. The agents that can be used to soak the fungus bag are 4.3% mushroom net and 40% thiazide removal (thiazinone + insecticide compound), which can be used with 40% thiethiasis. In addition to diluting 4000 ~ 5000 times or mushroom net 2000 ~ 3000 times soaking bacteria bags, diluted liquid medicine into each bag, soaking for 10 to 12 hours after draining the remaining water in the bag, drain the bag to let it out of the mushroom. Precautions for soaking bacteria bags: (1) Choose agents that are harmless to hyphae, safe to the human body, and low residue. (2) Before soaking, the mushrooms in the bag are collected, and after soaking, 10 to 15 days from the safety period of the mushrooms, the residual amount of the mushrooms in accordance with the maximum residue limits of China or some countries is implemented, such as the maximum residue limit of high-efficiency cypermethrin is 0.02ppm, avermectin 0.01ppm, insecticide urea 0.2ppm, thiazide 0.5ppm. (3) Use in accordance with the prescribed amount, arbitrarily increasing the dose of drugs is prone to drug harm and residue exceeding the standard.
Second, the harm and control of mites
There are many types of mites, such as wood-loving mites, harmful long-headed mites, Blue's brun mites and carrion mites. Mites feed on mycelium and fruiting bodies of a variety of edible mushrooms. Among them, the most common and serious harm is in mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, tea tree mushrooms and grass mushrooms. When mites colonize at the root of the mushroom to eat the mycorrhizal, the root is bare, and the mushroom body dries up and dies. For the hyphae, the bacteria are debacterial, the medium is wet and loose, only the mycelium is left, and the medium loses the ability to produce mushrooms. Mites carry germs, causing the mushroom body to become infected with diseases.
Prevention and control methods
(1) Selection of mite-free strains: Seed source band mites are the main reason for the outbreak of mushroom mites. Therefore, the seed factory should ensure the quality of the strain. To provide pure strains with strong vitality, mushroom farmers should purchase strains from mushroom factories that are qualified for the production of strains.
(2) Choose a safe and efficient acaricide
Third, the comprehensive control of mushroom mosquitoes and mites
Tea tree mushrooms sometimes encounter mushroom mosquitoes and mites at the same time during the emergence of mushrooms, should choose both insects can control the agent - mushroom net, but should be used alternately in a variety of agents to play the best effect. If a spironyl ester or methylaminoavermectin acaricide dose is added to 40% thiothione insecticide, the amount of use is based on a single dose.
From The China Edible Mushroom Business Network