Malay net in the field.
□ Sichuan Rural Daily all-media reporter Yuan Yujun text/photo
North of Jiangyou City, east bank of Fujiang River. On September 22, more than 80 acres of rice varieties with high resistance to rice blast, aspergillosis and blight selected by provincial plant protection and breeding experts have passed the filling period in the demonstration rice fields of green pest prevention and control technology at the foot of Douyuan Mountain, a national 4A-level scenic spot. Luo Yong, a large planter in Wudu Town, looked at the fields under the green mountains and was in a particularly comfortable mood.
This year is the 7th year of his cooperation with experts from the Research Group of The Institute of Plant Protection of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Institute of Plant Protection of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences") on the Comprehensive Management of Harmful Organisms in the Southern Paddy Fields. Based on multi-resistant varieties and the blessing of green prevention and control technology, the use of chemical pesticides in Rayong has decreased year by year. After rice transplanting, only one chemical weeding is carried out, and a good pest control effect can be achieved by relying on green prevention and control.
Compared with the surrounding growers who take medicine twice a year, Luo Yong, who uses green prevention and control technology, can save 150 yuan in fertilizer costs and 60 yuan in chemical pesticide costs per mu of potato stubble per mu per year, and 80 mu totals more than 16,000 yuan, "which is not a small amount." He told reporters that his family's 400 acres of rice fields will gradually achieve full coverage of green prevention and control technologies.
"Beauty" is a general allogorical plant
On the field of the green prevention and control technology demonstration field of the Jiangyou Base of the Plant Protection Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a cluster of plants with a height of 1.5 meters and orchids is eye-catching. Peng Yunliang, a researcher who is the leader of the research group for the comprehensive treatment of harmful organisms in the southern paddy field of the institute, introduced that this "beauty" general attraction plant is called vetiver, which is a biological control plant, which is mainly used in soil and water conservation, environmental restoration and agricultural control.
As we all know, rice borers (including dihua borer, triple borer, rice borer stem nocturnal moth) is one of the common occurrences in the rice planting process, serious harm of one of the insect pests, for the control of rice borer, has always relied on chemical pesticides. Vetiver is also known as rock orchid. Despite the appearance of an orchid, vetiver is a typical "insecticidal to invisible" lethal enticing plant for moth-like insects.
Studies have shown that vetiver contains active ingredients, which are very attractive and toxic to borers, and have the characteristics of luring female adult rice borers to lay eggs, and the spawning amount of borers on vetiver is about 4 times that of rice. Hatched borer larvae are difficult to survive to 2 or 3 instars on vetiver. Vetiver is planted on rice paddies to protect rice from borers.
Will the rows of vetiver planted on the mound turn into weeds? For this problem, Peng Yunliang said that there is no need to worry, vetiver can only reproduce asexually in Sichuan at present, so it will not be weeded.
Peng Yunliang told reporters that the "organic trap" of vetiver, cultivation does not occupy the area of rice fields, can effectively trap rice borers in the invisible, while not affecting the output value of rice, pest control, reduce medicinal use, save the cost of prevention and control, has great application value and implementation of the vision, but also has important economic, ecological and social significance.
Natural predators prey on rice pests
"There is no greener and greener way to plant protection than using natural predators to prey on rice pests." Dr. Yu Wenjuan, a member of the research group, told reporters that at present, in the green prevention and control area of the base, step beetles, ladybirds, mantises, midges, grasshoppers, etc. have returned; there are more than 20 kinds of parasitic bees in 7 families, of which the dominant populations such as red-eyed bees and bees are often visible.
How did these "long-lost" little cutenesses in the field come about? Yu Wenjuan explained that it mainly relies on reducing pesticides, changing the environment, providing food, "building a house", that is, by reducing the use of chemical pesticides, improving the ecological environment in the field, planting nectar plants and attractive plants with different heights and flowering periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in the fields, such as mulberry trees, moon flowers, alfalfa, clover, okra, etc., to provide long-term food sources and shelters for natural enemies of pests.
"There is a house, there is food and drink", green prevention and control areas "return rice fields to the indigenous people", attracting more and more natural enemies of pests to settle and breed, the current types of natural enemies of pests are still gradually increasing, and the population is also expanding.
The core idea behind "insects to treat insects" lies in the reconstruction and maintenance of rice field ecosystems, mainly using technologies such as ecological regulation, biological control and inducement control, and combined with scientific, rational and safe use of pesticide technologies. After rice transplanting, only chemical weeding is used once, and chemical pesticides are basically not used for the control of diseases and insect pests, so as to achieve the goal of "green plant protection". As a result of the improvement of the ecological environment, iconic creatures such as spiders, frogs and kingfishers have returned and begun to spread to the surrounding farmland.
Malay's insect trap net
In the golden autumn, the gentle breeze is slightly cool. Walking on the green prevention and control technology demonstration field of Jiangyou Base, not far away, the forest of Douyuan Mountain is green and the scenery is beautiful. If you look down from mid-air, you can see Li Bai's sentence "Woodcutters and cultivators, in and out of the picture screen", which can be described as beautiful.
As the reporter walked and looked, he saw that at intervals in the rice field, there was a small mesh "tent", which was just the size of a large dog. Could this be a dwelling place for the "elves" in the fields or for the critters? Scientific research obviously does not give such a "childish" answer. Yu Wenjuan smiled and revealed the secret, this device is called Malay's Insect Trap Net.
Since the research group wants to track the changes in the dynamics of the field insect population at all times, it needs to have insight into what kinds of insects are currently in the field, so it uses the Malay insect trap net, which is specially used to trap and capture field insects, to roughly count the local insect species and quantity.
"Whether it is an 'organic trap', 'insect pest treatment', or 'field tent', behind a 'green' word, always runs through our Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the national modern agricultural industry technology system green development research and development ideas, Jiangyou Base is only one of the paddy field ecological regulation research bases that the Plant Protection Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences began to build in the Yangtze River Basin in 2009." Peng Yunliang told reporters that Sichuan Province was the first in the country to carry out large-scale breeding of rice and wheat multi-resistant varieties through interdisciplinary and departmental cooperation, and has begun to produce benefits.