Magellan
In today's era of rapid globalization, it seems unlikely to explore uninhabited places like navigators of the 15th and 16th centuries.
2019 marks the 500th anniversary of human circumnavigation of the globe, was the world's first navigator to make circumnavigation of the globe magellan? Obviously not, if you look closely at the history books, you will find that Magellan was killed in the Philippines, and the real complete of the circumnavigation of the world was Carrique, an unknown slave under Magellan. Enrique was born on the island of Sumatra, brought to Europe by Magellan from Malacca.
After Magellan's death, one of the expedition ships was able to sail back to Spain sixteen months later and sail around the world
The American writer Lawrence Berglin's Gold, Spices and Colonies is an exciting story about ocean voyages, starting in 1519 with the first 60,000-mile circumnavigation of the globe under the leadership of Ferdinand Magellan. The most obvious signs are the bad weather, the frightening and humble living environment on board, the first encounter between Europeans and locals, and the death caused by the trial of heresy, among others.
Nautical adventure map
At the time, "most of the earth was unknown, there were no coordinates on the map, and europeans knew nothing about it," Belgrain wrote:
"The sailors feared they were really going to sail to the edge of the world. They believe that sea monsters lurk in the deep sea and will wait for an opportunity to devour them. When they cross the equator, the sea boils, burning them alive. ”
Here, we will tell the story of the Philippines, Cebu Island, Cebu City and Magellan.
The earth is round
<h1>one</h1>
<h1>Experience led him to believe that the earth was round and to make his first circumnavigation of the globe</h1>
500 years ago, on September 20, 1519, the navigator Magellan led a fleet of ships and began the first human voyage around the world. This voyage proved that the earth is indeed round and has great significance in the history of scientific investigation. However, Magellan himself did not go through the whole journey and "disappeared" in cebu Island in the Philippines.
At the end of the 15th century, Europeans began the era of geographical discovery, and Portugal and Spain were the protagonists of this activity, and the most representative seafaring explorers, led by Columbus, da Gama and Magellan. Columbus discovered the New World, da Gama opened a new shipping route in India, they were all unswerving believers in the theory of the circle of the earth, but they did not really prove that the earth was round with practice, and Magellan led the ocean-going fleet to make the first human voyage around the world, eloquently proved this ancient scientific prophecy and promoted the progress of human civilization.
Ferdinand Magellan was born in 1480 to a family of declining knights in Porto, northern Portugal. At the age of 10 his father sent him to serve in the royal palace, and he later served as the queen's attendant. In 1496, he was incorporated into the National Navigation Office, traveled to Africa, India, and in 1505 joined the expedition of Almeida, the first Portuguese governor in India, and participated in the colonial wars in Southeast Asia.
Magellan firmly believed that the earth was round. When Magellan returned to his native Portugal at the age of 33, he applied to King Manuel of Portugal to organize a fleet of ships to go on an expedition around the world. However, the Portuguese government did not support it, so it went to Spain to lobby.
In 1519, the Spanish government finally decided to send Magellan on a long voyage in an attempt to open up the route to Asia. Magellan set sail on 20 September from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, using five ships, with The Trinidad as its flagship, as well as the San Antonio, Comcepson, Victoria and Santiago, with 265 sailors. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean, heading south along the east coast of South America, and finally finding the strait between the South American continent and Tierra del Fuego, later known as the Strait of Magellan, into the vast "Great South Sea". By the way, in 1513, the Spaniard Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time, which was called the Great South Sea.
The Strait of Magellan crosses from the tip of South America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Magellan's fleet traveled west for 3 months on the "Great South China Sea", when the weather was sunny, the climate was mild, the ocean was as calm as a mirror, and the crew members praised the celebration, unanimously calling this ocean a sea of peace, which translates to the Pacific Ocean in Chinese. This is where the name Pacific comes from.
In March 1521 the fleet finally reached three inhabited islands in the Mariana Islands, where enthusiastic natives brought them food, fruit and vegetables. But since the natives had never seen such a spectacular fleet and showed a sense of novelty about anything on board, they removed some items from the ship and stole a small boat. The crew also renamed the island "Bandit Island." Magellan led a team of armed men to shoot and kill seven indigenous people, setting fire to dozens of huts and dozens of small boats. So he left a very disgraceful page in Magellan's voyage diary.
Sailing routes
A week later, one island after another appeared before their eyes, and they found a group of unfamiliar islands, the Philippine Archipelago.
Location map of the Philippines
A Malay slave on board understood the local language, and Magellan knew that a successful circumnavigation of the globe was in sight.
The Victoria, the only ship in Magellan's fleet to complete its circumnavigation of the globe. The illustration for Otlyus was made in 1590
During his stay in Cebu Island, Magellan was killed by local residents on Mactan Island, a small island opposite, due to interference in the civil strife among the islanders. 115 companions fled to continue the voyage, and on September 8, 1522, the Victoria in the fleet returned to Spain and completed its first voyage around the Earth, confirming that the Earth was spherical. One of the 18 surviving, the Italian explorer Antonio Pigafeta documented this great voyage in detail in his book The First Journey Around the World.
Diagram
<h1>two</h1>
<h1>Rashness wipes everything out: intervening in tribal conflicts and dying</h1>
The island of Cebu, where Magellan last stayed, has since entered the annals of world history.
Cebu Island's location in the Philippines
Located in the archipelago of the central Philippines, Cebu Island is more than 200 kilometers long and 20 to 30 kilometers wide, and is now a province of the country with an area of 4,456 square kilometers and a population of more than 2 million. Cebu Island is mountainous and grows a large forest. The plains and hills are covered with limestone, which is the most suitable for growing corn, which is a famous corn-producing area in the Philippines. Mango is famous in the world, and other crops such as coconut, sugarcane, abaca, kapok, sweet potato, cassava, etc., are also highly yielded. Coconut oil, corn oil, cane sugar and other agricultural products are exported overseas. Mineral resources include copper, manganese, coal, gold and so on. Salt industry, fishing also flourished.
Map of Cebu Province
Cebu is the capital of Cebu Province and the third largest city in the Philippines, with a population of more than 900,000, after Manila and Davao. It is located in the middle of the east coast of Cebu Island, about 500 km from Manila. It was here that Magellan landed on cebu in 1521. At that time, Cebu's homes were built with logs and coconut leaves, and Cebu already had trade with China and Arabia.
Navigation map
After Magellanic landed here, he preached Christianity here, allied himself with the blood of King HongmavanLaja, and erected a cross. On 14 April 1521, the first baptism was held here, and 800 indigenous people were baptized, including HomavanLaja and the queen, the first seed sown by the Catholic Church in the Philippines.
Walled city
Today, the Philippines is the only two Christian countries in Asia, and the other is Timor-Leste, where 5/6 of the country's population is Catholic, i.e. originated here. To commemorate this, the descendants built a circular memorial hall near Cebu City Hall. Among them is a large wooden cross called the Magellan Cross.
church
In the Philippines, especially in Cebu, the belief in the Infant Jesus is popular. Most shops enshrine the Infant Jesus and are often seen in taxis and tricycles. This belief stems from a statue of the Infant Jesus brought by Magellan. When king Cebu and his people converted to Catholicism, Magellan gave the infant statue of Jesus to Queen Juana as a memorial. The icon has survived many wars and is believed to have the miraculous power to bring abundant crops and fisheries, as well as to make business prosperous. Today, the statue of the Infant Jesus is preserved in the Church of the Holy Child not far north of magellan's cross. The icon is about 40 centimeters tall and worshipped by the Cebu people as a deity.
Magellan and the Church
Mactan Island, where Magellan was killed, is across the strait from Cebu City, the narrowest point is only more than 800 meters, and now the bridge across the sea has been erected, and the two places have become connected, Mactan Island has become a suburb of Cebu City, cebu international airport is built on the island, 15 kilometers away from Cebu city. Mactan Island is a coral island with an area of 62 square kilometers and a population of more than 200,000.
Mactan Island
At that time, there were two tribes on the island that were hostile to each other, Sula's tribe was close to Magellan, and Lapu's tribe was against the Spaniards. On April 26, 1521, Sulla's son came to Cebu, carrying two sheep as a gift, and asked Magellan for assistance in attacking Lapu-Lapu. Magellan did not heed the advice of his subordinates and insisted on intervening in the war between the two tribes.
Lapu-Lapu
The next day Magellan led 1,000 Cebu Natives and 60 Spanish troops to attack Lapu-Lapu's tribe, resulting in Magellan being killed in the leg by chief Lapu-Lapu with a poisoned arrow on the neighboring island of Madan, failing to complete the feat of sailing around the world for a week. Lapu-Lapu became the first Phillips hero to defeat the Europeans.
The fleet landed
Pigafetta, who had traveled with Magellan, described Magellan's last moments in his diary:
"When the islanders realized that the guns on the ship could not hit them, they came to us like a tide. Arrows and crossbows and javelins were fired in unison, spears and short swords were stabbed randomly, so that we only had the ability to fight back, and we did not have the strength to fight back... His legs had been crippled for years and he could not retreat quickly... Head planted in the water. The islanders rushed up with short swords and slashed at him until they killed him. ”
On 8 November 1521, after the fleet left Cebu, it anchored at a spice market on the small island of Tidore in the Maluku Archipelago. There they exchanged cheap items for a large number of spices, such as cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, etc. piled up on the ship's barn.
A monument located in Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines
In 1866, in honor of the great explorer Magellan, a monument to Magellan was erected in the northeast corner of Mactan Island, where he died. A three-story stone pedestal is a obelisk topped by a round ball symbolizing Magellan's voyage around the world. In the building near the monument, there are paintings depicting scenes of the battle between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu and a replica of the sailing ship "Victoria" on Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe.
Historic building
For Europe-centric Europeans, the claim that Magellan discovered unknown lands is valid, but for filipinos, Magellan was the aggressor and Lapu-Lapu was a brave rebel. So a monument was also erected for the warrior, the Lapu-Lapu Monument. Built in 1933, this monument is a manifestation of a heightened national consciousness. The shape of the statue is based on his heroic posture of holding a large knife in his right hand and a long pestle in his left hand when he fought magellan. The main city of Mactan Island is also named Lapu-Lapu, with 150,000 inhabitants. The city is located on the west side of the island and is a 40-minute drive from downtown Cebu.
<h1>three</h1>
<h1>Explore Cebu, Philippines in the midst of mysteries</h1>
Satellite map of the Philippines 2002
Cebu is the earliest developed city in the Philippines, known as the "Queens of the South", in 1521, the Portuguese navigator Magellan sailed from Spain to Central and South America, and was pleasantly surprised to discover this beautiful and quiet island on the way. Located in the heart of the Visayas Islands, Cebu has a population of about 2 million and is made up of 167 islands, making it the second largest link between the Philippines and the international community. Surrounded by the Philippine archipelago and dotted with palm-fringed fishing villages, Cebu is the heart of the Visayas.
44 years after Magellan's death, in 1565, Spanish colonists finally occupied Cebu. At that time, King Felipe II of Spain (the name of the Philippines is derived from him) sent Riazibir to lead an expedition of 4 ships and 380 men from Mexico to Cebu Island. He became Spain's first governor-general in the Philippines. The city of Cebu was made the capital, and Legazpi built the San Pedro Fortress here. Originally made of wood, the castle was converted to stone in 1783 and still stands by the sea. It is a triangular castle with a gate tower several meters high, a row of three gates at the entrance, thick walls, and bunkers built around it. When the people of Cebu revolted in 1833, the Spanish army could not resist, so they hid in the castle, closed the gates, and slaughtered the Filipinos with cannons and foreign guns.
Citizens of Cebu
Around the castle, the city of Cebu was formed, located on the north coast of Cebu Island, the oldest city in the Philippines, and the capital City of Manila is no match for the oldest city. It did not last long as the capital of the Philippines, and after the Lêt's army occupied Manila in 1571, Cebu City gave way to Manila. But Cebu City's status as the central city of the Central Philippines, the Visayas (including 7 large islands and hundreds of small islands, with an area of 61,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 13 million), has not wavered. In 1937, the provincial government building was built in the north of Cebu City, and this splendid White House building has now become a landmark of New Cebu.
Cebu City skyline
Located in the central Philippines, Cebu City is the philippines' major international flight center and the most important commercial, trade and industrial center in the Visayas and Mindanao region, Cebu is a highly developed commercial and industrial center, the largest economic center of the Philippines outside of Manila, and it has the largest copper mine in Southeast Asia.
port
Cebu residents
Cebu Island has long been inhabited by overseas Chinese, and there are more than 20,000 Chinese. Not far from the old castle, Golun Street, known as the oldest street in the Philippines, on the street in addition to Spanish-style houses, there are Chinese Minnan architecture. There are many Chinese restaurants in the city, such as Platinum House and Dahan House. Halfway up the northern suburb of Beverly Hills, there is a Chinese Taoist temple dedicated to the Chinese thinker Confucius, which is a typical Chinese temple with gorgeous red and green colors. Climb the 99-story staircase and stand on the platform above the temple for a clear view of Cebu City up to Mactan Island.
Cebu
Cebu was a thriving village before the Spanish colonization. At that time, Cebu established trade with China and other Southeast Asian countries. By the time the Spaniards invaded, Cebu was able to moor the galleons.
Port of Cebu
The Port of Cebu is located on the east side of Cebu Island in the middle of the lower back, Rinpo and Straits. It is located 175 nautical miles north of Elang Port, 311 nautical miles from Batangas Port, 392 nautical miles from Manila Port, 962 nautical miles from Hong Kong, China, and 252 nautical miles from Zamboanga Port in the south. Since 1860, Cebu city has been opened as a foreign trade port, and the port has been further developed.
Today, the water depth in the port is about 6 to 12 meters, and 10 ships with 4600 tons can berth. The aviation industry is quite developed, and The traffic volume of Mactan International Airport is second in the country after the capital Manila. The Ring Road passes through this area and is also connected to the opposite Mactan Island. Industry and commerce flourished, and it was a distribution center for dried coconut, abaca, mango, tobacco, and timber. With the largest coconut oil processing plant in Southeast Asia, the famous Xianmeier Brewery and Ceramics Factory in the Philippines, as well as the world's largest coconut shell activated carbon factory and the Philippines' second export processing zone, the chemical industry is growing rapidly. Light industry products are most famous for guitars.
Aerial view
Young women in Cebu
Cebu Travel Map
In recent years, tourism has also developed greatly, and tourists can enjoy sea sports such as diving and surfing in this area, known as a diving paradise, and a beach resort hotel has sprung up. Cebu is thriving today.