Liu Ying (211 BC – 188 BC). The second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, the eldest son of Emperor Liu Bang of Han, succeeded to the throne at the age of sixteen. During his reign, he implemented benevolent government, reduced taxes, appointed Xiao He and Cao San as ministers, and implemented a policy of lightly dispensing with thin endowments and recuperating. In terms of ideology and culture, he lifted the ideological inhibitions that continued from the Qin Dynasty and advocated the philosophy of Huang Lao. However, he was kind and cowardly by nature, and lived all his life under the obscenity of his mother, Empress Lü.
Emperor Xiaohui of the Western Han Dynasty
An early ordeal
When Liu Ying was young, Liu Bang was the head of the Surabaya Pavilion, and his mother Lü Yan took him and Princess Lu Yuan to cultivate in the fields. An old man passed through the field and asked for a sip of water, and Lü Hou followed him. The old man said to Lü Hou, "Madam, the noble people of the world." So, Lü Hou pulled the two children over and asked them to look at each other. The old man said to Lü Hou, "Madame is honorable, and all are so male." ”
Later, Liu Bang rebelled against Qin and became a key criminal arrested by the Qin Dynasty, and Liu Ying and her family lived a wandering life. When chu and Han fought, Liu Bang fled in defeat, even ignoring his old father's wife and children. As a result, Liu Taigong and Lü Yan were captured by the Chu army, and Liu Ying and her sister were fortunate to have Xiahou Bao risk death to save each other, and only escaped with their lives.
In February of the fifth year of Han Gaozu (202 BC), Liu Bang took the throne in Dingtao and made Liu Ying crown prince. At this point, nine-year-old Liu Ying lived a stable life.
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2. Easy to store storms
Although Liu Ying successfully became the crown prince, his path to the emperor was also very difficult.
Lu Yan had been running hard for many years, and at this time he was old and decaying. Liu Bang has always disliked Liu Ying, believing that he has a weak personality and does not resemble himself. Liu Bang was most fond of Lady Qi, who was young and beautiful and could dance the dance of "folding sleeves and bending waists", and her son Zhao Wang Ruyi. Lady Qi had some scheming, she "wept day and night" around Liu Bang, please make Ruyi the prince, Liu Bang was really blown by her "pillow wind".
In the tenth year of Gaozu (197 BC), Liu Bang wanted to be crown prince and the lower court consulted, but the courtiers opposed it one after another. Lü Hou felt that it was very unfavorable to their mother and son, and she hurried to find Zhang Liang, who had returned to the hidden mountain forest, for advice.
Zhang Liang suggested that she ask Liu Bang's respected "Shangshan Sihao" to assist the crown prince. Lü Hou acted according to the plan, and Liu Bang saw that the crown prince had such talents to assist him, so he dispelled the idea of establishing a prince instead.
Emperor Han Gao died in the twelfth year (195 BC), and Liu Ying, who was only 16 years old, successfully ascended to the throne and was known as Emperor Hui of Han.
III. Career as Emperor
After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, Xiao He continued to serve as Xiang Guo, and Emperor Hui respected Xiao He very much and always gave in to him. At this time, Emperor Gao was flattered to recuperate and recuperate, and the policy of thin endowment was lightly imposed. The country is basically fine. In the second year of Emperor Hui's reign, Xiao He died, and Cao San, the Marquis of Pingyang, succeeded him as Xiang Guo. Cao Shen left behind the good story of "Xiao Zhi Cao Sui".
After Cao San became chancellor, the old system of Xiao He, the first term of the state administration, was not changed. Cao Shen drank day and night for pleasure, and Liu Ying saw the situation and was deeply worried. Liu Ying asked, "Why is Xiangguo so ignorant of the government?" Cao Shan asked Liu Ying, "Who does Your Majesty think is more holy than Emperor Gao?" Liu Ying replied, "How dare I compare myself with Emperor Xian!" Cao Shan asked again, "Then who do you see who is more virtuous between me and Xiao?" Liu Ying said, "You don't seem to be as good as Xiao Xiangguo." Cao San: "That's right." Emperor Gao and Xiao He fixed the world, the system and laws are very clear, His Majesty only needs to surrender, we subordinates only need to settle their duties, abide by discipline and law without fault. Liu Ying understood Cao Gan's intentions.
Cao San, who has been a minister for three years, has kept Xiao He's law, kept himself quiet, and used the people to not disturb the people. Society presents a clear scene.
Liu Ying also used a policy of peace and pro-family to stabilize relations with ethnic minorities such as the surrounding Xiongnu. At this point, the Western Han Dynasty had a prosperous population, a prosperous economy, and a gradual increase in national strength.
Liu Ying also did a big thing, that is, to build Chang'an City. When Liu Bangding was in Chang'an, Chang'an City was very simple. Liu Ying made an overall plan for Chang'an City, and spent 5 years before and after requisitioning hundreds of thousands of people to build it. After the completion of Chang'an City, there were sixty-five miles around the city wall, with a strict layout and clear classification, and it became the political, economic and cultural center of the country.
Liu Ying has also made certain contributions to ideology and culture. Since the Qin Dynasty burned books and pit Confucianism, the doctrine of jurists advocating harsh punishment and cruel law has dominated. Liu Ying lifted this restraint and replaced the doctrine of the Fa with Huang Lao's thought. He abolished the "law of holding books" that suppressed thought during the Qin Dynasty, and various ideological cultures became active, especially Confucianism, laying the foundation for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to "respect Confucianism alone".
Although Liu Ying wanted to be a promising and good emperor, due to The dictatorship of Empress Lü, he was constrained everywhere, coupled with a weak personality and a very depressed spirit, which was also a major factor that led to his untimely death.
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IV. Lü Hou Dictatorship
After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, Lü Hou resented Lady Qi and Liu Ruyi, the King of Zhao, and wanted to harm them. Lü Hou first demoted Lady Qi to YongXiang, pulled out her hair, wore shackles, and wore red prison clothes. Then the premeditated Zhao Liu Ruyi entered The Capital, Liu Ying was more benevolent and had a better relationship with his brother. Knowing that the queen mother wanted to harm Liu Ruyi, the two slept and ate together, and Lü Hou was unable to do anything.
In December of the first year of emperor Hui of Han (194 BC), Liu Ying went out, distressed that his brother did not want him to get up early, and left Liu Ruyi in the palace. As soon as Liu Ying left, Lü Hou immediately sent someone to poison him to death.
In this way, Lü Hou still did not understand the hatred. It was ordered that Lady Qi, who had been reduced to a slave, chop off her limbs, cut off her eyes, cut off her tongue, and make her dumb and deaf, and make her a "human hand" and put her in the toilet. After a few days, Lü Hou asked Emperor Hui to look at the "Ren Yan". Liu Ying was frightened to see it. When the next person learned that it was Lady Qi, Emperor Hui of Han lost his voice and cried bitterly, and he became seriously ill from then on.
Mrs. Qi restored the painting
In the second year of Emperor Hui of Han (193 BC), Liu Fei, the king of Qi, entered the dynasty, the eldest brother came, and Liu Ying took the throne with brother etiquette. Lü Hou was furious and secretly ordered poisoning wine to kill king Qi. The King of Qi did not know it and wanted to drink, and Liu Ying, aware of his mother's deeds, took the wine to wish Lü Hou a happy birthday. Lü Hou saw that his plot could not be achieved, and he destroyed the poisonous wine. Afterwards, the King of Qi learned that he was terrified and had to cede the territory of Chengyang Commandery to Princess Lu Yuan in order to please Empress Lü.
In October of the third year of Emperor Hui of Han (192 BC), Lü Hou made Princess Luyuan's daughter Zhang Shi empress, and because Emperor Hui was the empress's uncle, this marriage was contrary to human morality, which made Emperor Hui quite embarrassed and always unacceptable. Until his death, he did not approach Empress Zhang.
Empress Zhang was not allowed to be blessed by Emperor Hui, so she never became pregnant, and Lü Hou made up her own mind, asking Zhang to say that she was pregnant, and then took a son of Miongmi's life as her own, made him crown prince, and then killed his birth mother.
Empress Zhang married at the age of twelve, widowed at the age of fifteen, and has always been a daughter. He lived in the harem until his death at the age of thirty-nine. He was buried with his uncle in Anling.
5 Depression ends in disease
After the Lady Qi","Ren Yan" incident and various subsequent practices, Liu Ying had long been disheartened, sullen all day, and drank in the palace. When Lü Hou saw that his son was not paying attention to political affairs, he took the opportunity to take over all the power. She eliminated many prestigious old courtiers and installed the Lü clan everywhere in the court.
In the seventh year of Emperor Hui of Han (188 BC), Liu Ying, who reigned for less than 7 years, died of illness at the age of 23. He was buried in Anling after his death, with the courtesy name "Xiaohui" Emperor.
After Emperor Hui of Han's death, Empress Lü successively supported Emperor Hui's two sons (Liu Gong and Liu Hong) as emperors, and actually became puppets (and later killed). After Lü Hou died after eight years in power (180 BC), the eunuch Zhou Bo and The Chancellor Chen Ping joined forces with the imperial family to kill the Zhu Lü clan, and Emperor Hui's half-brother Liu Heng took the throne as Emperor Wen of Han.
Under the reign of Liu Ying, the Han Hui Emperor, the economy of the Western Han Dynasty continued to develop, and the national strength was continuously enhanced, laying a solid foundation for the later "rule of Wenjing".
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