Hua Guofeng recited his eulogy at Chairman Mao's memorial service
In his later years, Hua Guofeng lived in seclusion, but he went out every year on September 9 and December 26, without exception, because these two days were Chairman Mao's death day and Chairman Mao's birthday...
Jiang Qing objected to the body, and Hua Guofeng stabilized the situation
At 00:00 on September 8, 1976, Chairman Mao was already experiencing difficulty breathing and needed to use auxiliary breathing. Blood pressure begins to be unstable, high pressure rises to 180, low pressure drops to 80 . At about 11 o'clock, Chairman Mao's heart arrhythmia. At 4 p.m., medical staff inserted him with a nasopharyngeal tube. At 8:30 p.m., Chairman Mao's consciousness gradually blurred.
But even with an infusion tube inserted in the upper and lower limbs, an ECG monitoring wire on the chest, and a nasoesophageal tube inserted in the nose, Chairman Mao still insisted on reading for 2 hours and 50 minutes, which was supported by others.
At 8:01 p.m. on September 8, 1976, Chairman Mao's life was once again in danger, and after medical personnel diagnosed, the chairman's condition had returned to heaven and was irreparable.
Prior to this, the departure of Zhu De and Zhou Enlai was a painful blow to Chairman Mao. Although as a people's leader, Chairman Mao had a correct and thorough view of everything, he was also flesh and blood, and the indicators of his body slowly deteriorated with age.
At 00:10 on September 9, 1976, Chairman Mao passed away, and a generation of great people left his motherland and people forever, leaving behind a glorious and splendid history.
Chairman Mao
Just an hour after Chairman Mao's death, members and alternate members of the Politburo rushed to the "202" parlor next to the Zhongnanhai swimming pool to attend the emergency meeting.
In the middle of the meeting, Jiang Qing proposed to dress the chairman clean and left the meeting site. When the meeting was about to end, Jiang Qing rushed back, and as soon as he entered the door, he shouted loudly: "To track down, we must track down!" ”
The political commissars were confused when they heard Jiang Qing's words, and Jiang Qing shouted again: "I just found that the chairman's face is blue, his lips are purple, and there is a black spot on his chest. ”
Hua Guofeng stood up and went into the inner room to examine Chairman Mao's body. It didn't take long for him to return to the parlor and, in his usual calm tone, said, "This is a normal change in the body, as evidenced by all the doctors present." If there's something wrong, I'm in charge. Hua Guofeng's words were loud and clear, and Jiang Qing did not make any more trouble after listening to them.
Jiang Qing wrapped dumplings
At the meeting that day, it was unanimously decided to permanently preserve Chairman Mao's body. At 4 o'clock in the morning, a black car entered Zhongnanhai, and on the car sat Xu Jing, secretary of the party branch of the basic medical group of the Medical Academy, Xu Jing, the first deputy director of the morphology teaching and research department, and Liu Xiangping, minister of health.
At this time, Wang Dongxing was already waiting for them in the office, after seeing the two. Wang Dongxing said anxiously, "You are Comrade Xu Jing, right?" Xu Jing said, "I am." ”
Wang Dongxing choked up and said, "I announce to you the unfortunate news that the great leader Chairman Mao has passed away in the early hours of this morning. In order for people of all ethnic groups across the country to pay homage to the president's remains, it is necessary to protect the remains for about 15 days. ”
Xu Jing was shocked to hear this news. At this time, Wang Dongxing asked again: "Do you have any requirements?" Xu Jing calmed down for a moment and replied: "First, we need to go back to the hospital to study the plan with our fellow experts; second, we need to look at Chairman Mao's body; third, we need a little time to prepare the necessary equipment and medicines." Wang Dongxing agreed.
People from all walks of life mourn Chairman Mao
Xu Jing returned to the hospital and worked out an initial embalming plan for the remains with other experts. At about 9 o'clock, Xu Jing was led to Zhongnanhai to see Hua Guofeng.
At that time, the Politburo meeting was still being held. After Xu Jing reported on the detailed plan, the political commissars asked many questions: How was Lenin's body preserved? Why has Sun Yat-sen's body not been preserved? Why can the female corpses unearthed in Mawangdui in Changsha in 1972 be preserved for more than 2,000 years?
Xu Jing and the others asked questions and answers one by one, and cautiously said: "Not only can it not rot, but it must also come to life, and we must let the masses of the people look up to it, which we have not done, nor have we dared to think about." We can only try to explore. ”
Hua Guofeng was very satisfied after hearing this, and immediately made a decision: "It is a glorious and arduous political task to protect Chairman Mao's body for a long time and to let the masses of the people look up to him from generation to generation." If you accomplish this task well, the party and the people will not forget you... Just do as you go. ”
On the 10th, Xu Jing led the crowd to complete the protection of the remains. From September 11 to 17, Chairman Mao's body was mourned, and for six days, the people were able to pay one last look at the remains of a generation of leaders.
At Chairman Mao's memorial service, Hua Guofeng delivered a eulogy
On September 11, Chairman Mao's condolences were successfully held. At that time, Chairman Mao's body was placed in the Great Hall of the People. The body was surrounded by flowers, covered with a huge party flag, and 8 salute soldiers guarded the body.
The political commissars, in groups of 4, guarded Chairman Mao's spirit every day, and the others held meetings in the next room. On that day, towards the end of the meeting, one of the political commissars asked the question: "Who presides over the president's memorial meeting?" Who delivered the eulogy? ”
As soon as the question came out, everyone fell silent, and there were three vice-chairmen at the time, and which one would give the eulogy was indeed a difficult question to choose.
At this time, Ye Jianying first broke the silence: "My opinion, Comrade Guo Feng will deliver a eulogy on behalf of the Central Committee." ”
Hua Guofeng has always been modest and cautious, and pushed back: "Ye Shuaide is highly respected, or please give a eulogy to the chairman!" ”
Ye Jianying kept waving his hand: "You are the first vice chairman, you should hold this head." This is also the wish of the President during his lifetime. ”
Hua Guofeng hurriedly said: "I have poor ability and little experience, but I still rely on everyone's concerted efforts and collective leadership." ”
At this time, Li Xiannian, who was on the side, said to Hua Guofeng: "Collective leadership must also have a division of labor and responsibility, you can't let everyone stand on the stage and collectively recite the eulogy." As soon as this remark came out, Hua Guofeng was not good at saying anything more, so he had to agree to it, and the matter was so fixed.
Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying
The candidate for the memorial service was determined, and the next thing to be discussed was the eulogy. As early as July 1976, Wang Dongxing sent someone to draft the eulogy for Chairman Mao's memorial service.
Since the Tangshan earthquake broke out at the end of July, Chairman Mao's health has deteriorated. Although he can still insist on reading books and newspapers every day, he often feels overwhelmed.
In late July, Wang Dongxing urgently called Zhou Qicai, director of the Secretariat Bureau of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, and said: "Old Zhou, you, and li Xin, immediately go to the main hall of Huairentang to wait, the central authorities have urgent and important tasks to handle." Zhou Qicai sensed the urgency of the situation and immediately informed Li Xin, and fifteen minutes later, they appeared together in Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai.
After entering the hall, several members of the Politburo were already waiting there. To the two of them:
The central leading comrades have sent us to convey to you an urgent and important task, that at present Chairman Mao is in a critical condition, and the experts of the medical group have made meticulous and all-out efforts to treat him, but judging from the development of his condition, unfortunate events may occur at any time. The Central Committee decided that the funeral should be prepared in advance, and designated the two of you to be responsible for drafting the obituary and eulogy. This matter is very confidential, the time requirements are urgent, you must complete it as soon as possible to ensure the use of the central government.
When they suddenly received this task, Zhou Qicai and Li Xin were caught off guard, and when they learned of Chairman Mao's condition, they could not help but cry bitterly. Not long after, Wang Dongxing sent his secretary to call: "Comrade Dongxing instructed you to work in the main hall of Huairentang, where the environment is quiet and it is also conducive to confidentiality, and the living problems have been arranged to be handled by the service section of the Security Bureau." ”
Zhou Qicai and Li Xin put away their tears, perked up their spirits, and began to discuss: How to write Chairman Mao's obituary and eulogy? How long does it take to write it out to guarantee central use? After some heated discussion, they first completed the obituary and then drafted the eulogy.
After the drafting was completed, Zhou Qicai and Li Xin called Wang Dongxing to ask whether they needed to hand over the two manuscripts to him, and Wang Dongxing replied: "The two manuscripts will be sealed by Zhou Qicai himself and personally kept, and they will not be reported to the central authorities for the time being. ”
To be on the safe side, Zhou Qicai returned to the office, sealed the manuscript, and locked it in the safe.
Chairman Mao passed away, and the United Nations lowered its flag to half-mast in mourning
At 3 p.m. on September 16, the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai to discuss chairman Mao's eulogy and agreed on matters related to the memorial service to be held in Tiananmen Square in two days. As the drafters of the eulogy, Zhou Qicai and Li Xin attended and participated in the discussion.
Before the meeting had even begun, at 2 p.m. on the 16th, Wang Dongxing summoned Zhou Qicai to the temporary office of the Great Hall of the People and said to him:
There are two things you report to Comrade Guo Feng on my behalf: First, I cannot attend this afternoon's Politburo meeting, and I want to protect Chairman Mao's body here, and you ask Comrade Guo Feng for leave on my behalf. Second, I have read the eulogy manuscript three times and think it is basically usable. One additional opinion is to add Chairman Mao's important instructions on "pursuing Marxism, uniting, and being upright and upright" in the appropriate place of the eulogy manuscript. I think it is necessary to add chairman Mao's instructions.
Zhou Qicai immediately said, "Well, I will go to HuaiRen Hall immediately, and Comrade Guo Feng will report to him together." At that time, it was already 2:30 p.m., and Zhou Qicai quickly walked out of the north gate of the Great Hall and took a car to the Huairen Hall venue.
At 2:50 p.m., Hua Guofeng arrived at Huairentang. Zhou Qicai reported Wang Dongxing's opinion on the draft eulogy, and hua Guofeng said after listening to it: "Comrade Dongxing's proposal to add Chairman Mao's important instruction of 'three wants and three don'ts' to the draft eulogy is an important opinion, and I agree with it. ”
At exactly 3:00 p.m., when a meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee was convened, Hua Guofeng gave a brief explanation of Wang Dongxing's opinion on the eulogy manuscript, and he added: "I think Comrade Dongxing's opinion is very good, and Chairman Mao's important instruction of 'three wants and three don'ts' is of great and far-reaching significance to our party building. ”
After listening, Ye Jianying said: "I agree with Comrade Guo Feng's speech and Comrade Dongxing's proposal. 'Three wants and three don'ts' is a precious wealth left to our party by the chairman and a guide to guide our party to advance along the Marxist road. ”
Then, Li Xiannian spoke: "Guo Feng and Ye Shuai spoke very well, and I agree with Comrade Dongxing's proposal. ”
Thus, the eulogy of Chairman Mao's memorial service was determined.
On September 18, Chairman Mao's memorial service was held in Tiananmen Square, attended by millions of people in Beijing.
Before the memorial service began, the party and state leaders walked up to the high platform of the memorial service in order to face the broad masses; at the beginning of the memorial service, the host announced that he would bow three times to chairman Mao's portrait, and everyone would turn backwards together, bow three times to Chairman Mao's portrait, and then turn back to face the broad masses.
The memorial service began at 3 p.m., and Hua Guofeng stepped onto the high stage, and like the people of the whole country, he expressed his condolences and remembrance of Chairman Mao.
Construction of Chairman Mao's crystal coffin and memorial hall
On September 20, 1976, Chairman Mao's body has been placed in the underground palace of "769" and has been protected by special personnel. The construction crew also carried out a special transformation of each room, the entire space is sealed, oxygen insulation, low temperature, very suitable for the storage of remains.
As early as the death of Chairman Mao, the Central Committee decided to permanently preserve Chairman Mao's body, so the construction of a crystal coffin and a chairman Mao memorial hall was also on the agenda.
The production of the crystal coffin is cumbersome and complex, which is a long and arduous task. The crystals needed for the crystal coffin come from Donghai County, Jiangsu Province.
Donghai County, Jiangsu Province, is famous for natural crystal minerals, where the production of crystal mines is far ahead in the country, the quality ranks first in the country, attracting world attention, and everyone says "East Sea Crystal A world".
The production of the crystal coffin fell to the Beijing 605 Factory, which specialized in the production of optical products, and the glasses used by Chairman Mao during his lifetime were produced here, and the crystal coffin was a task that was ten million times finer than the glasses.
The crystal coffin requires a large natural crystal of more than 2 meters long to be smelted, and a large crystal plate of about 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 0.08 meters thick is welded with small crystal plates.
Cao Jinrui, a septuagenarian who personally participated in the development of Mao Zedong's crystal coffin, said: "The purity of the crystal coffin has reached 99 percent, and no one in the world has produced it so far. ”
Crystal coffin
At the same time, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is also under emergency construction. In mid-September 1976, less than a week after Chairman Mao's death. At the behest of the central leadership, more than 40 architectural and art workers from all over the country came to the Qianmen Hotel to discuss the location of the memorial hall and the design of the architectural plan.
At the beginning of the discussion, the construction plan of the memorial hall was based on a solemn and solemn tone, and most of the plans were in the form of mausoleums. Memorial halls in the form of mausoleums, with basic windows on the walls, often without colonnades: even if there are colonnades, they use short and thick piers.
At the end of September, the design team proposed a total of 30 sets of plans, all of which were handed over to the State Council. The State Council proposed revisions and required the design of Chairman Mao's memorial hall to be both solemn and solemn, as well as close to the people and cheerful.
In late October, the design team held a symposium for more than 10 days to draw out the design drawings one by one and solicit opinions and suggestions from various industries.
On November 6, Hua Guofeng and other central leaders reviewed the site selection plan, a total of four site selection plans, respectively, recommended that the memorial hall be built in: Tiananmen North (demolition of Duanmen), Xiangshan, Jingshan, and Tiananmen Square People's Heroes Monument South.
To the north of Tiananmen Square, there is Tiananmen Square in front of it, and the Noon Gate of the Forbidden City in the back, connecting the Working People's Cultural Palace and Zhongshan Park to the east and west. If the end door is to be removed, it will affect the integrity of the Forbidden City.
The Jingshan plan is to make a hole in the mountainside of Jingshan mountain, and open it from north to south. There is a tall tower on the top of Jingshan Mountain, and at night the lights on the tower flicker, representing: Chairman Mao's thought will always shine.
In the end, Hua Guofeng and other central leaders decided to set the site of the memorial hall south of the Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square, and everyone unanimously held that Chairman Mao's great body could not accommodate the rivers, lakes, rivers, and seas, and the three mountains and five mountains could not bear it, and only by lying in peace among the masses of the people was the most suitable.
The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies peacefully among the masses of the people
With the determination of the site selection plan, the construction plan of the memorial hall has also been changed, and it has become mainly colonnade-style, which can also echo with the Great Hall of the People and the Revolutionary History Museum.
On November 24, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall broke ground, Hua Guofeng attended the groundbreaking ceremony, delivered a speech, and personally cultivated the foundation stone for the memorial hall.
Hua Guofeng cultivated soil for chairman Mao's memorial hall
After the construction of the memorial hall began, an old bungalow in the Revolutionary History Museum became the office of the memorial design team, and the memorial headquarters was also stationed here.
The construction of the memorial hall was a huge project. During the construction process, 770,000 people and leaders voluntarily participated in the construction. Some people paid for money to come by car, and some people traveled hundreds of miles to Beijing specifically, just to give Chairman Mao a part.
People from all walks of life participated in the construction of chairman Mao's memorial hall
On April 22, the main body of the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall was completed. In early August 1977, the solemn, crystal clear and veritable crystal coffin was introduced.
At 10:00 a.m. on August 18, a large Jiefang truck pulled a crystal coffin from Tiananmen Square, and in front of the truck was a jeep, and in front of the jeep, a row of policemen rode motorcycles to open the road, and the group passed the China Museum and arrived at the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.
After arriving at Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall, the Liberation Plate crane placed the crystal coffin on the ground, which was paved with wooden boards and carried rolling wood. Rolling wood moves the crystal coffin to the steps, and then the staff lifts the crystal coffin...
Since then, Chairman Mao's body has been permanently placed in the memorial hall, and the people of the whole country have a place to rest in the commemoration of this great man...
This year, Chairman Mao has been dead for 46 years. But his voice and smile, his great achievements, are still forever remembered by the people. This is because, when he was alive, he always kept the people in mind...