Wang Jie: Five Learning, Nine Dimensions, and One Feeling: On Mr. Liao Binyu's Poetic Thought

■ Wonderful reading

"China Reform Daily" press: The newly published collection of ancient poems by liao Binyu, a famous young cultural scholar, "Zhongtian and Liji", has aroused social concern. There are three reasons for this, all of which are "unprecedented": First, the poetry collection has pioneered the form of publishing a collection of poetry, calligraphy and painting as never before. It is reported that the poetry collection has a total of nearly 200 poems, and nearly 100 Chinese painting masters have drawn nearly 200 poems of Mr. Binyu as high-quality, high-artistic value poems for publication, which has never existed in history, has not existed in ancient times or is limited by the form of woodcut engraving and printing, and cannot reproduce the paintings to make them widely disseminated; In modern times, it may be due to the turbulence of the times, and the drawing of poetry is intended to be involved in a large number of participants and the project is huge, making the author weak or powerful and unintentional. "The Collection of Middle Heaven and Standing" can gather a large number of outstanding painters to draw poetic intentions, but it is feasible in the new era. Second, Liao Binyu's discussion on poetry has never been clearer and more systematic about why poetry is great, the social value, historical value and practical value of poetry teaching, which provides an extremely important way and method for inheriting and developing China's excellent traditional culture, and provides good suggestions for traditional culture to enter the campus to find a landing grip. Third, Liao Binyu explained the law of the generation of Gelug poetry as never before, so that the writing format of Gelug poetry has changed from the original knowledge to the current knowledge of why it is so, making the format of Gelug poetry simple and easy to remember and easy to understand.

Liao Binyu has always adhered to the spirit of creative transformation and innovative development, and every concept proposed in his works has the dual characteristics of unique thinking and systematic construction. This newspaper specially publishes an analysis and promotion article by Wang Jie, a famous cultural scholar, a famous poetry critic, and a professor at the Central Party School, for the benefit of readers.

Brother Binyu's "Zhongtian and Standing Collection" was published, and I was very touched. So I spent some time reading the poem and writing the words.

According to Binyu's recollection, the first extracurricular book he came into contact with in his life was "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty". In the process of reading and memorizing poems, he gradually fell in love with poetry. From writing smooth-talking and oily poems, to writing ancient style poems and grammatical poems, from "form for poetry" to "form and content are poetry", this process of continuous change and improvement is also the comprehensive improvement process of Binyu's ideological realm, emotional pattern, and instrumental knowledge. He said that in order to write poetry well, he had desperately read books, read classics, read history, mastered vocabulary, read books, and then changed what he thought and learned into poetry, and completed a creation, which was both creative transformation and innovative development. Turning what you have learned into what you think, incorporating what you have learned, and then integrating it into the spirit of the bloodline, shaping personality, expanding the pattern, and exploring wisdom, this is the fundamental value of "having poetry and bookishness in your belly".

Confucius once said, "If you don't study poetry, you can't speak." As a great educator in history, Confucius regarded poetry as an educational method and educational means, so it was called "poetry teaching". Binyu is diligent in thinking and good at summarizing, and for the first time put forward the function contained in the great educational method of "poetry teaching", which is also the road to let people lead to the path of Dacheng and summarize it as "five learning, nine dimensions and one feeling". Among them, the "five studies" refers to the philosophy, literature, aesthetics, history, and phonology and musicology contained in the poem, and the "nine dimensions" refer to the nine dimensions of logical thinking, inspirational thinking, analog thinking, jumping thinking, image thinking, dialectical thinking, divergent thinking, strategic (unified) thinking, and harmonious thinking. At the same time, he wrote a brief note, which I transcribed here:

Chinese poetry contains the way of the inner saint and the outer king and the study of the application of the world, so in the history of the Chinese nation, all the sages and heroes, the emperors and generals, all of them are great poets. Such as Yao Shun Yu Tang, Wen Wu Zhou Kong, and later Liu Bang Liu Xiu, Cao Cao Zhuge Ge, song dynasty Great Confucian, and even the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty of the Chinese nation with the land of poetry. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang's father and son, Liu Bowen, Wang Yangming, and Wang Chuanshan were all poets, And Kang Yongqian of the Qing Dynasty was even more Bao Aihan poetry, and after the Qing Dynasty, Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong, Ma Yifu, etc., were all famous and used for poetry. The time of the poem is great!

Chinese culture emphasizes the cultivation of inner saints, and has attained the attainment of the latter. Guqin and ancient poetry, both pay special attention to self-mind, related to free expression. Therefore, guqin and ancient poetry are both the carriers of the spirit within Chinese culture, which seems to be useless self-amusement, but in fact, it is the self-enjoyment of self-cultivation and self-sublimation. Those who can understand the poetry of the piano can know their own sound. This is "wine drunk by confidants, and poetry is sung to the congregation." Chinese culture is for oneself, not for others. For one's own learning, it is idyllic and modest, light but not dazzling, square and not cutting, big sound, elephant invisible, generous and boundless, and late in life; To learn from others is to be self-effacing, to praise and destroy him, to seek favor with the masses, and to strive for victory and strength. Modern people do not understand this reason, do not know the great righteousness of poetry, and talk about poetry with the heart of victory and strength, but there is no poetry after the Tang Dynasty. If we hold this theory, no one will write poetry, and if we are discouraged, poetry will decline. Poetry has a difference between high and low realms, interesting and elegant, and there is no such thing as the past, thick and thin. If this is the case, then Tang has Li Du, and now there are Also Li Du, and there are also those who may not be able to reach Li Du. Therefore, poetry is not written to compete with others, nor to compare with the ancients, but to entertain oneself and sublimate oneself, which is the most important point.

What Brother Binyu said can be described as a sentence, pointing out the crux of today's people's failure to write poetry - it is prohibitive. Many people ridicule Qianlong, saying that Qianlong wrote more than 40,000 poems in his lifetime, and single-handedly wrote the number of all Tang poems, but most of them were vulgar and difficult to pass on. However, Binyu has a different view on this, he believes that poetry is for his own learning, and Qianlong has composed a large number of poems, indicating that he is obsessed with poetry, eager to learn and think, and cannot be ridiculed to the extreme. Whether it can be passed on to the world is determined by comprehensive factors and cannot be generalized. At the same time, those who ridicule are often far less talented than Qianlong.

Binyu also introduced in detail the concept of "five learning, nine dimensions and one feeling", which I think is extremely valuable and has never been discussed before, so it is sorted out and evaluated as follows:

1. Philosophy - stand tall and far-reaching, and be ambitious

Brother Binyu believes that writing poetry first examines people's philosophical cultivation, so writing poetry can enhance people's philosophical accomplishment. Writing poems is heavy-minded, and good poems often come from the ordinary, not the ordinary. With high intentions, its style is high, it can see the big in the small, and it is very reasonable to see in the ordinary place. The intention is not high, no matter how many flowery words are used, it is either scratching the boots, or flashy, or pretentious, or disease-free moaning.

Take the phrase "Wing Xue" in Binyu's childhood as an example:

Ben is a petal flower in the clouds, super dusty and vulgar and refuses to be flashy.

Born not afraid of the cold and suffering, scattered in thousands of homes.

Snow is a very ordinary scene, but the poet has entrusted himself with words and ambitions, turning the ordinary snow scene into a simulation of the poet's spirit, integrity, sentiments, and ambitions. This reveals the philosophical thought.

Poetry is made up of words, but poetry goes beyond words themselves. "Looking forward to the righteousness of the text, getting like forgetting words, and being proud of the image" is the extremely high realm of traditional Chinese philosophy. Poetry, on the other hand, emphasizes imagery, and the so-called poetry contains this philosophical realm. The highest form in Chinese culture is represented by "heaven", and heaven is a general term for the laws of nature. The law is also called "Tao" in the tradition, so poetry is innocent, natural, heavenly and interesting, and it must also be able to carry the Heavenly Dao, which is "the text carries the Tao" and the poetry is innocent.

The content of the poem is to teach philosophical cultivation, and the form of the poem is also rich in philosophical connotations. Binyu believes that, in particular, the form of Grammatical poetry contains the philosophical view of "wave forward" and "spiraling upward" explored by dialectics. The wave forward, the law of negation of negation, points out that the general tendency of the development of things is: affirmation - negation - negation of negation, so that things finally reveal certain characteristics of what was originally affirmed, that is, to repeat what was originally affirmed on a new basis. As we all know, Gelug poetry pays attention to the law of flatness, and the flat sound characters represent plain, peaceful, and yin; The word 仄音 represents high pitch, masculinity, strength, and is yang. In the gelatinous poem, the back of the flat must be the servant, and the back of the flat must be flat, like the ups and downs of the waves, constantly advancing, and the meaning expressed in the poem is also like the layers of the waves, constantly advancing, pushing to the climax. For example, the first group of sentence patterns of the grammatical poem is completed, the first half of the second group of sentences undertakes the rhyme of the first half of the first half of the sentence, opens the second group of sentences, continues to advance, from the sentence form is also a wave forward form, so layer by layer, the grammatical poem to the final end, pushed to the climax of the abrupt stop, let people have a sense of aftersound around the beam, the sense of unfinished. This is the philosophical form of "wave forward" and "spiraling upward". It is also because of this that the poetry of Grammatical poetry is difficult to write, and in a few sentences, the connotation it expresses is better than a thousand words, which trains the philosophical wisdom of not being complicated and simple.

Poetry, whether it is gentle or extravagant, has a sense of life behind it, and it feels life from life and finds vitality. It's both poetic and zen. Poetry and Zen are both spiritual understanding, both wonderful and incredible. Writing poetry will make people unconsciously fall in love with thinking and feeling, unconsciously reading the classics and the poor scriptures, and integrating philosophy into the poems, consciously completing the sublimation of the self.

2. Literature - mastering the text, left and right

The text carries the Tao, and the Tao carries the Text. Qinqi calligraphy and painting, the qin is formless and phaseless, the meaning is long, too ancient and mysterious, the first of the six arts; Poetry and song, poetry because of its content of the image, both simple and all-encompassing; And because of its exquisite form, exquisite writing, and beautiful rhyme, it is the best in literature.

The words of the poem are both elegant words and quaint words. Ancient, that is, its inheritance has its own heritage, has a deep foundation, can be used for interpretation, one word and many meanings, so it can be used flexibly; Elegance, that is, elegance is good. The so-called literary language is the name of the province that "does not speak in words, and is not far away". Poetry is the basis of words, but also the extreme of words. If you can write good poetry, you can write good words; If you can write words, you may not be able to write good poetry. Especially today, when vernacular literature is prevalent, a few ancient poems and sentences can be sprinkled with thousands of words or even hundreds of thousands of words of prose, essays, papers, narrative texts (novels) as soon as they are played...

Binyu said that Wenyan is an independent system of words, as long as you understand this system, you can break all the barriers of space and time, thousands of years ago, thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years later can still understand the meaning it expresses. But vernacular, dialect, slang are different, the dialect of ten miles and eight townships, after two places can not understand, this is the obstacle of space, not to mention the passage of time, this time barrier is even greater. In addition, the times are changing, the times are changing, history is changing, the context is changing, the right to speak is changing, and the language and writing will become uncertain.

Chinese is hieroglyphic characters, phonetic expressions, Binyu in the book "Pingxin Ping Tianxia" has a wonderful discussion of the text, I will not talk about it here, interested readers can find it. When we look at the "Four Books", "Five Classics", "Tao Te Ching", "Shi Ji" and other classics, we can basically understand that the vitality of Chinese characters is rare and visible in the world.

And Chinese poetry? It goes without saying that it is also a literary language in the literary language, which contains all the rhetorical techniques in literature, such as metaphor, comparison, questioning, duality, rhetorical question, borrowing, exaggeration, anthropomorphism, repetition, quotation, contrast, pun, analogy, anti-language, thimble, loop, intertextuality, synaesthesia, pick-up, white drawing, association, overlapping, overlapping, overlapping, overlapping, symbolism, variation, padding, avoidance, parasitism (sustenance), harmonic, inverted text, etc.

Write the poem well, and the literary level will naturally go up. Of course, the process of writing poetry is also the process of improving literary accomplishment. In particular, Grammatical poetry has great restrictions on words, and the same meaning can be expressed in multiple words, and different words have multiple meanings. The selected words and vocabulary, while accurately expressing ideas, must also strictly conform to the norms of the common servants and rhymes of the grammatical poems. So The Grammatical is called "Dancing with Shackles and Handcuffs.") Being able to write good grammatical poems is a skill that trains the ability to control words. This kind of skill depends on reading a lot of books, reading and memorizing, and also learning to be rich in five cars, in order to master a large number of vocabulary, left and right, and truly control.

Take a look at the palindrome poem that Binyu wrote in Xiangyang Gurung in 2008:

Seven Laws of Yong Zhuge Wu Marquis

Long Tenghai Zhen was famous, and Guofu was talented and handsome.

The danger and the absolute worry live in justice, and the ancient and modern Zhaode is sincere.

The peak is high and the distance is full of sages, and the karma is widely repaired.

When the nine are reached, the wish is made, and the etiquette is successful.

This poem can be read forward or backwards. Reading positively is one meaning, and reading backwards is another meaning. Regardless of whether the positive reading is read backwards, it is strictly in line with the norms of Grammatical poetry. It is no wonder that Binyu wrote articles with his bare hands, wrote a thousand words, and in less than a few years, there were millions of words of treatises in the world.

Binyu said that poetry is a word game, and once you learn to write poetry, you will fall in love with poetry. Who doesn't love to play games? Life is also a game, the so-called game life, many people are addicted to it, can not extricate themselves. However, only the game of poetry allows us to play in it at the beginning, but in the end it makes people stand out of the ordinary, stand tall, otherworldly, and achieve greatness.

3. Aesthetics - otherworldly, to the false and the true

Binyu said that aesthetics is about the cognition, examination and judgment of beauty. The purpose of aesthetics is to build beauty, and to use aesthetics to achieve beauty. Chinese philosophy talks about the three talents of heaven and earth, while Western philosophy talks about ontology, phenomena and functions. The two are actually the same. The Heavenly Dao is formless and phaseless, but it is also the representative of the law, corresponding to the ontology; The tunnel has tangible and qualitative images, showing the morphological image of everything in nature and corresponding phenomena; The way of heaven and earth is silent, but all things are incarnated from it, the so-called "heaven is selfless, the earth is selfless", the spirit of heaven and earth is selfless, people wear heaven and earth and are born, with the genes of heaven and earth, the pattern of heaven and earth, and the spirit of heaven and earth. The spirit of heaven and earth is "selfless", so human behavior should also be "selfless". Selflessness is about to be perfect, and the best is going to be perfect, so it is called the best of the best. The essence of heaven is truth, the virtue of heaven is goodness, and the image of heaven is beauty. Chinese philosophy holds that those who are in harmony with the Heavenly Dao are true, those who walk in the Heavenly Dao are good, and those who manifest the beauty of the Heavenly Dao are manifested. So aesthetics is first of all moral, and then it is to promote morality. The pursuit and desire for beauty and beautiful things, the good life, is endless, and aesthetics is born.

"Yi" Yun: "Rhetoric stands up for sincerity, so juye also", indicating that in fact, writing poetry itself is also a kind of practice. "Zhuangzi Fisher Father" Yun: "Not refined, insincere, can not move", indicating that poetry is sincere, insincere and nothing. The mind is not quiet, and the poems cannot come out. So write poetry to dry the air, to be calm. If philosophy is the tao of poetry, then aesthetics is the virtue of poetry. By writing poetry, you can cultivate taoism and virtue.

If you understand morality, you understand beauty; If you understand the promotion of morality, you will understand aesthetics, and you will understand the way to settle down and do things for people. Gentleness and humility is a kind of beauty, politeness is a kind of beauty, gentleness and elegance is a kind of beauty, humility and humility are a kind of beauty, Zhongzheng has a festival is a kind of beauty, pride is a kind of beauty, selfless dedication is a kind of beauty, "the great hero, for the country and the people" is a kind of beauty, and it is also a kind of beauty to see death as home... Behind beauty is morality and virtue. Hence the name "virtue" Lao Tzu Yun: "The Tao is the mystery of all things, the treasure of the good, and the protection of the unkind." Beautiful words can be respected, and beautiful deeds can add people. The meaning of this sentence is that morality is the foundation of all beauty. With morality, then speech will be beautiful and respected; With morality, then the behavior will be beautiful and can affect the world. Wise people regard morality as a treasure, and those who lack wisdom must be morally righteous, so that they can protect themselves. Therefore, aesthetics is the cloak of philosophy, and philosophy is the soul of aesthetics.

Binyu also took Qianlong's poems as an example and talked about his views on Qianlong's poems. He said that Qianlong's poems contain a mellow, elegant, gentle and generous literary outlook. Specifically, Qianlong's "mellow and elegant" literary concept is mainly embodied in his poetic view of "words and substances, lyrical speech", the ancient literary concept of "mellow and elegant, with the luck of the times", and the literary values of "gentleness and generosity, and practical application through the ages".

Since childhood, Qianlong was influenced by Kangxi's ideas of "respecting science and advocating yazheng" and Yongzheng's ideas of "still being used for the times, halal and elegant", and also taught by zhu shi, Cai Shiyuan, Fu min, Xu Yuanmeng and other famous teachers of science, thus laying the foundation for Qianlong's "mellow and elegant" thinking, so the ideas of "carrying the Tao" and "rooting in the scriptures" naturally appeared in Qianlong's literary concept. In terms of content, he demanded that poetry embody the principle of realism and reflect "history". He believed that realism was a record of the daily life of the imperial court, and "history" should be the history of its daily life and the governance of the country. Emotionally, he believes that poetry is "the voice of the heart, and the emotions are connected". The emotional factor is the basis of poetry creation, and this "love" is not only for one's own mourning, but also contains the emotional characteristics of self-cultivation and the love of the people. As for the function of poetry, Qianlong inherited the traditional concept of poetry and adhered to the concept of "poetry carries the Tao and educates the world's heart". In his view, "Tao" has a wide range of meanings, mainly including "the way of governing with history and the present", "the way of social ethics", and "the way of governing learning and life." ”

Qianlong maintained a relatively accessible attitude toward the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, and ordered the revision of the "Imperial Selection of Tang and Song Poetry"; in the evaluation of the poems, Qianlong adhered to the principle of "gentleness and peace", affirmed and inherited the "solemn respect and deep elegance, in and out of the style" advocated by Kangxi, advocated Yazheng's gentle words, and believed that deviance was a heresy in ancient poetry writing, and "melting the scriptures and casting history" was a model. He commented and guided the words through the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries of the King Dynasty, that is, "the restoration of the canon, the reverence for elegance and floating". He believes that words originate from poetry and are variants of poetry, so their creation should inherit the spirit of elegance, "the legacy of dele fu". With this as his aim, he criticized words that deviated from elegance and slang content, and vigorously advocated words that were deeply sustenance and conformed to elegance. For the style of words, he believes that they can be roughly divided into five categories: "elegant", "qingwan", "high show", "generous" and "delicate". Rooted in the spirit of traditional culture, Qianlong implemented the strict principle of "eliminating vulgarity and elegance, entertaining and educating" for novels and operas. The so-called "dispelling customs and preserving elegance" is aimed at the content of the work, Qianlong believes that opera and poetry are of the same origin, so we should abide by the rules of style and elegance. The so-called "edutainment" is relative to the deletion and modification of the work, that is, whether the work is beneficial to the Tao as the standard, in order to achieve the effect of the people of the world.

Looking at it this way, Binyu came to the conclusion that aesthetics contain values and artistry. Anything that goes against morality, against conscience, against human nature, against common sense, is ugly, while anything that abuses conscience, distorts personality, misleads human nature, and subverts ethics is evil.

The language of poetry is Yayan, is the language of elegant and elegant writing, and those who write poetry dare not say that they all spit out Zhilan and spit out golden jade, at least they will not spit out wild words, speak inferiorly, speak filthy words, and export dirty words. This is poetry; Let you be an elegant person, but also cultivate the virtue of the mouth, but also find the unusual in the ordinary, this is the beauty of poetry; Bringing this beauty to life is the "poetic dwelling."

The Buddhists call the human world the "world of the shaivas," which means to endure. Because this world is very bitter, there are all kinds of suffering, all kinds of suffering, which boil down to the "eight sufferings", we live in the torments of birth, old age, illness and death, love and separation, resentment and hatred, and the blazing suffering of the five yins, and we can only bear it.

The world is like this: the world is hot and cold, and human feelings are cold and warm. "The outside world is wonderful, the outside world is helpless." "The world's friendship requires gold, and gold is not much, not deep." No one asks about the poor and downtown, and the rich have distant relatives in the mountains. We live in the world every day, so poetry does not need to be secular, and even all the good does not need to be worldly. Poetry represents beauty and also contains art. Art originates from the secular, higher than the mundane; Art comes from life and is higher than life. Traditional Chinese poetry and painting must be free from vulgarity and vulgarity, and if the two are combined, they are not vulgar. Life is chai rice oil salt, and poetry does not have to chai rice oil salt; Life is full of cross-current materialism and attachment to hue, while poetry pursues spiritual temperament, an understanding of ethereal emptiness. This is what poetry and painting have in common: ancient and elegant. Only the pursuit of elegance can be noble and noble. Man has no far-sighted worries, but will have near-term worries. Without the pursuit of elegance, nature falls into low-level fun.

Everything in poetry is beauty, flatness is the cornerstone of beauty, rhythm is the form of beauty, and content is the declaration of beauty. Using beautiful words and beautiful forms to express and envision all the beauty is poetry. Poetry makes our tastes elegant, our personalities noble, and our qualities noble.

Therefore, the people who write poetry love beauty and are also beautiful. Can be the beauty of a gentleman's elegance; It can also be a gentle beauty like a lady, or it can be a majestic beauty like a big husband. Those who write poetry will unconsciously get close to nature and stay away from fabrication; Be close to the good, away from the ugly; Settle for tranquility and get away from the hustle and bustle; Anzhi Ruosu is far away from vanity; Don't be alarmed, stay away from impetuousness... A thousand rivers have water, a thousand rivers and a thousand moons, and there are no clouds in the sky", the people who write poems are becoming more and more empty, empty, and ethereal. For those who write poetry, life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of eyes to find beauty. Writing poetry opens up this pair of eyes that can find beauty.

4.History: Utilization of Life Studies now

Poetry reuses the classic, examining a person's historical accumulation. Being able to use and make good use of the dictionary enriches the connotation of the poem and reflects the poet's mastery and control of historical allusions. Poetry is the teaching of the saints, the learning of the saints, so the poetry is subtle and elegant, gentle and generous, see through does not say broken, see through does not say thorough, point to the end, artistic expression, this is the virtue of poetry, but also the virtue of man. The rhythm of poetry pays attention to tact, and the mood of poetry also pays attention to tact. This euphemism is the "spiral upwards".

Wang Jie: Five Learning, Nine Dimensions, and One Feeling: On Mr. Liao Binyu's Poetic Thought

Chinese poetry is full of this wisdom. Binyu said that this is the wisdom of "using obscurity and clarity" in terms of ease of learning. He believes that writing poetry will make people unconsciously read more history, study history, and use history. What is the use of history? A small thing that happens at the moment, in the poet's view, may be a similar event that has occurred in history, and to associate the two is actually to learn and use it. He is good at using history to analyze problems, and he is also good at drawing historical experience and wisdom from problems.

5. Phonological musicology - the rhythm of phonology is the basis of traditional opera

Poetry rhymes heavily. Rhyme is rhyme, rhythm is rhythm. Poetry is a musical language. It can be said that poetry was born long before words were born. When ancient humans rested, chanting was a kind of entertainment for them, just like singing today.

Rhythm is the element of poetry, and the most primitive poem is rhythmic. Of course, due to the different times and different nationalities, the rhythm of poetry is also diverse. But whenever there is rhythm, there is a kind of beauty of the loop, that is, the beauty of the melody, which is the art form of poetry, which is first expressed in the beauty of the melody. In the era of the ancient Emperor Yao, there were old people who beat the ground and sang, and the Book of Books said: "Poetry and words, songs and chants, sound according to chants, laws and harmonies." "The gist is that poetry is sung, and this kind of singing is in line with music, and the level of sound in the score needs to be according to the level of the original tone of the lyrics. Since it is based on the word, this requires that the original poem have a neat and symmetrical rhythm. Of course, it is difficult for us to know in detail today the rhythm of poetry thousands of years ago, but the poetry of ancient times had a fairly neat rhythm from the beginning.

The rhyming foot is another element of Chinese poetry. It can be said that from the Han Dynasty to the "May Fourth" Movement, Han poetry has almost no rhymes. The "Guofeng", "Xiaoya", and "Daya" of the Book of Poetry also have rhymes, but there are several chapters in the "Zhou Song" that do not rhyme, and it can also be considered that this is the free poem of the ancients. It is precisely because there are few free poems in ancient times, and there were no free poems from the Warring States period to the "May Fourth" era, it can be seen that traditional poetry and grammatical poetry are the tradition of Chinese Han poetry.

Binyu said that the rhythm of Chinese poetry is actually the basis of traditional opera, and almost all traditional operas use the method of poetry chanting, and generally follow the chanting principle of "flat length and short length". The chanting of ancient poems is very musical, and the chanting of free play based on the relationship between the two and the content is very musical. Therefore, Chinese poetry contains poetic beauty and musical music. Poetry is the supreme embodiment and expression of art, so it is not difficult to write poetry, and it is especially difficult to write good poetry. The real great poets are great musicians, and every time a poet writes a poem, he is a song, both a lyricist and a composer. However, general songwriters and composers often do not communicate with each other.

Therefore, learning to write poetry can cultivate emotions, turn problems into bodhichitta through chanting poetry, and eventually become holy.

6. Logical thinking - in one go, up and down

Binyu said that writing poetry is expensive in one go. Many people think that to write the last sentence from the first sentence in one breath. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. This "one-shot" does not mean that the time is short, and the time to breathe is not this meaning. Instead, the qi rhymes and the qi pulse runs through. Chinese culture pays attention to "qi", the so-called endless breath, the magnificent and righteous qi, the majestic atmosphere, and the meteorological are all descriptions of the shape, quality and quantity of qi. Qi cannot be blocked, cannot be interrupted, just like the meridian theory of Chinese medicine, once the qi pulse is blocked, it will be diseased, and if this breath is broken, it will die. Therefore, the principle of Go is also to fight for gas, but also to fight for the atmosphere, so big that it swallows thousands of miles, which has an overwhelming win. Once you lose your breath, you lose.

The expression of the poem is very jumpy, but behind this jump there is always a logical series, and a jump without logic is a scattered sand. The coherence of logic makes the poems scattered and concentrated, seemingly scattered, but in fact, they all point to a central idea. Then all kinds of jumping sentences are the laying out and position of this central idea.

Thus, poetry trains man's logical thinking. This logic is hidden behind the jump, both to ensure the jump, but also to ensure the logic, which is not a general linear logic, but a multidimensional logic that contains linear logic and transcends linear logic. Jump under logical thinking and follow logic in the sky. The higher and farther you jump, the greater the courage of the poem, but because of the series of logical thinking, each jump is alive and jumping, full of vitality, otherwise it is jumping east and west, jumping off a cliff and dying, and the higher the jump, the more tragic the death.

Therefore, the one-breath formation of poetry is the coherence of semantics, a poem, written for a few days, written for several months, is not excessive, such as "a word to make a double tear flow", "a word to chant, twist off a number of stems and whiskers".

7. Inspirational thinking - deep sediment, a flash of inspiration

Inspired thinking is also known as epiphany thinking. Zen Buddhism often has cases of meditation and enlightenment. Writing poetry is actually often in the state of enlightenment, because it is always enlightened, so the thinking is extremely sensitive, and whenever there is wind and grass, it is easy to produce a sense of blessing to the soul. So writing poetry requires inspiration. In the state of meditation, the inspired mind is most active. Writing poetry will keep us in a state of meditation for a long time and greatly increase our inspiration. The process of writing poetry is often: touching, moving, excited. Therefore, the emotional expression of poetry is also a touch that makes people feel resonant, makes people feel emotionally moved, and can also make people excited by the inspiration of poetry.

I read a lot of Binyu's poems, the atmosphere is magnificent, you can feel the rise of a mighty breath, very inspiring, uplifting, which is from touching, to moving, to the excitement of the evolution process.

8. Analogous thinking - relying on things to speak of the mind, borrowing scenery lyricism

Analog thinking is Zhou Yi's analogous thinking, which associates and summarizes a variety of similar things into one category, which can quickly help us summarize the phenomenon of things. The use of analogous thinking is often seen in many riddle poems. The British Bacon famously said: "Analogy dominates invention by association". He closely linked analog thinking and association, only with association can there be analog thinking, whether it is looking for a creative goal, or looking for a solution is inseparable from the role of association. For example, Binyu used analogous thinking in the "Five Laws of Gifting Li Xusheng Doctor", the first sentence "Muzi Jiuyang Sheng", Muzi represents herbs, Jiuyang represents pure Yang Qi, and uses Chinese herbal medicine to generate Yang Qi, which is literal, but this sentence is actually Li Xusheng's name, Muzi is Li, Jiuyang is Xu, Shengtong False Sheng, this is the analogy of thinking, the Chinese herbal medicine yang qi and the name of the Chinese medicine doctor are associated, it seems very strange and interesting.

Another example is Binyu's poem "Four Views of the Seven Laws of Self-Victory in the World", which has "the sea to the boundless sky as the shore, the mountain to the top of the mountain I am the peak." Ancients come from the strongest, and the merits do not donate the nine weights. "When people reach the top, they think that there is no mountain to climb, but they are wrong. The poet tells the reader that when the mountain reaches the top, do not forget that man himself is still a mountain, and that he must continue to climb on his own mountain and constantly surpass himself, and this poem is to associate people with mountains.

Zhu Xi has a famous sentence: "The sun and the moon are two rounds of heaven and earth eyes, and the poetry book is the heart of the sages in ten thousand volumes", the sun and the moon and the human eyes are analogous thinking, which magnifies the pattern of people, and the human eyes should look down on all sentient beings like the sun and moon in the sky and see everything.

9. Jumping thinking - vertical and horizontal, imaginative

Poetry, especially the ancient style, is whimsical and has a strong jumping nature. Jumping thinking, can activate thinking, can flexibly look at problems, so that people are not rigid, not rigid, traversing 100,000 miles, up and down for 5,000 years, across the limitations of time and space. For example, Han Yu's "Left Moved to Languan to Show Nephew Sun Xiang":

A letter to the Ninth Heaven, the sunset degraded Chaozhou Road eight thousand.

In order to eliminate the evils of the saints, Ken will decay and waste his life.

Where is the Yunheng Qinling home? Snow and blue are not moving forward.

Knowing that Ruyuan should be intentional, so as to collect my bones by the river.

In the first link, the previous sentence writes "a letter to the chao", and the next sentence writes "Xi depreciation Chaozhou", which is very jumpy, but on a closer look, it is a causal relationship, which corresponds to the sunset and the chaoxiang, forming a sharp and strong contrast, expressing the philosophical proposition of "bad luck at the end of the day"; In the neck link, the previous sentence writes "Where is the family of the clouds across the Qinling Mountains", and the next sentence writes "The snow embraces the blue and the horses are not moving forward", which seems to be out of reach of the wind and horses, but the poet's inner confusion and grievances are vividly expressed.

10. Image thinking - pictures and texts, poetic and picturesque

Chinese characters are words that represent the appearance of phonetics. In poetry, because the poet is good at combinatorial expression, the text of the poem can produce a corresponding sense of picture. A mountain character, the sense of picture is not strong, but a "Qingshan" begins to produce a picture of Qingshan. Look at Ma Zhiyuan's famous sentence: "Dead vines and old trees are faint, small bridges and flowing water people." The ancient road west wind thin horse, the sunset in the west, the broken intestines in the end of the world. A picture of walking alone in the end of the world unfolds very clearly in the reader's mind, and even the loneliness and sadness behind it arise spontaneously. This sense of sadness and loneliness is poetry. "The desert is lonely and the sun is full", an empty desert rises a thick smoke, and there is a round of sunset in the sky.

Poetry trains people's figurative thinking, visualizes abstract things, and thus produces poetic painting. That is to say, the painter expresses the picture in the form of a drawing according to the poem, and the poem that can produce a sense of picture is vivid and vivid, with poetic meaning.

11. Dialectical thinking - equality and yin and yang, interrelated

The form of the poem itself has dialectical characteristics, and the relationship between the two is the relationship between yin and yang and the unity of opposites. Grammatical poetry, in particular, is dialectical in both form and content. Writing Grammatical poems especially trains people's dialectical thinking.

Binyu once said that he could remember the format of the poem in just five minutes. This is amazing.

Binyu said that he originally did not understand poetry, and when he was in junior high school, his Chinese teacher said that he did not understand gelug poetry, so he could not teach everyone gelatin poetry, he only told everyone that gelug poetry has a jaw joint and a neck joint. Binyu pondered that poetry originated from Yi, and there must be yin and yang dialectical thoughts. Then he found out the Gelu poems in Tang poetry to study the laws inside, because he had a foundation of easy learning, he suddenly became enlightened, he found that ancient poems are two or two as a group of words, two into a group of sentences, "Yi Chuan" cloud: "two and two overlap, non-repetition is change", this is easy to learn the theory of change, applied to the poem. What about Gregorian? "Yi Chuan" Yun: "Yi has Tai Chi, is to give birth to two instruments, two instruments to give birth to four elephants, and four elephants to give birth to Gossip." "There are eight verses in the grammatical poem, which represent gossip, representing up and down, left and right, in all directions.

Bagua is eight sentences, divided into four groups, and four groups of sentences are the four elephants. Too yin sun, less yin and less yang. The Grammatical poem is divided into four groups of sentences, isn't it the same as the four generations? Each group of sentences represents a generation, then the first group of sentences is the great-grandfather, the second group of sentences is the grandfather, the third group of sentences is the father, and the fourth group of sentences is their own generation, thus passing on from generation to generation, rejuvenating the family, passing on the moral and poetry to the family.

The I Ching says, "There is heaven and earth and then there are all things, and there are all things and then there are men and women." There are men and women and then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons. The form of the Grammatical poems can also be seen in terms of male and female couples and fathers and sons. Each group of sentences is a couple, and the next group of sentences is the child of the previous group of sentences.

If the great-grandfather is married, the great-grandmother's physiological structure must be opposite to the great-grandfather, and the grandfather is born of the great-grandmother, so it has more than half of the genes of the great-grandmother, so the first half of the next sentence is the second half of the previous group of sentences, if it is the five laws, it changes from the third word, if it is the seventh law, it changes from the fifth word. "Yi Chuan" Yun: "Three armies change, intricately numbered." "Servant is yang, and flat is yin, so the previous sentence is male, and the next sentence is female, and it must not change." Just like the physiological structure of men and women, a change is a genetic mutation, and men are not men and women. For example, the first group of sentences is the great-grandfather, for the pingping 仄仄平平仄, the great-grandmother must be completely opposite to it, for the 仄仄平平仄平. This is the unity of opposites. The first half of the second group of sentences is the grandfather, the grandfather was born of the great-grandmother, the first half is the gene of the great-grandmother, the second half is the gene of the grandfather, starting from the fifth word, that is, the 仄仄平平仄仄, the grandmother and the grandfather are opposites and unified, so according to the grandfather's sentence pattern, the grandmother's sentence pattern is derived, that is: pingping 仄仄平平. What about the father? Also from the grandmother, so inherited the grandmother's genes, the first half of the third group of sentences is the same as the grandmother, the fifth word changes, that is: ping ping 仄仄平平仄; When the father comes out, the mother comes out accordingly, that is, the servant is flat and the servant is flat. The fourth group of sentences, the mother gave birth to me, my genes come from the mother, the first half of the fifth group of sentences represent me, the first half of my sentence is the mother's genes, from the fifth word change, that is: 仄仄平平仄仄, my wife and I came out accordingly: ping ping ping

Whether it is a format or a flat format, it is this set of thinking logic, full of dialectics, after understanding, the poetry is not difficult at all. Let's list it more intuitively:

Format one, flat opening sentence: