In the world of cultural relics collection, it is not terrible to encounter fakes, and it is the most terrible thing to not know the goods!
Because you don't know the goods, at any time you will miss a good opportunity to collect treasures, and even miss the second half of your life of wealth freedom, and the rags and useless wastes that many passers-by think have become valuable treasures of the town in the eyes of Zhixing and Bole.
However, in the cultural relics industry, there are too many such things, and many museum cultural relics, even some rare national treasure cultural relics, have actually been seen by the people as tatters and waste, almost disposed of,
However, their luck is better, and by chance, they were fortunate to be discovered by the recognized Bole, and not only were they preserved, but also repaired, so that they could be preserved and recreated.
For example, the following three treasures of the town and country, they all have a bizarre and bumpy experience:
One: He Zun
"He Zun" is a national first-class cultural relics, but also one of the first batch of cultural relics not to be displayed abroad, as a national treasure level cultural relics its value is immeasurable, according to the estimate of at least tens of billions, but when He Zun found it, it was sold by the farmer's uncle with 30 yuan, the waste purchase station.
He Zun's experience of being discovered is quite tortuous and bizarre,
In the early 1960s, Chen Dui, a farmer in Shaanxi Province, consulted with his neighbor Chen Qishan because his home was too crowded, and rented two of his earthen tile houses, and behind Chen Qishan's house was a steep earth cliff.
One morning this summer, it was sunny, and after a few days of pouring rain, he went to the backyard to take a look, and the earth cliff behind the yard was washed down by the rain, and the pit was illuminated by the sun, as if there was a bright light, he took a small hammer to plan, but unexpectedly planed out a copper bottle.
At that time, he felt that this bottle could hold something, so he put it in the utility room.
In the following year, Chen Dui's family wanted to return to their hometown and leave some things to their brother Chen Hu for safekeeping. But more than a year later, this Chen Dui did not come back, it just so happened that Chen Hu's son had a happy event, and he felt that Chen Dui's pile of things occupied the place, and without saying a word, he took some bottles and cans to the waste collection station. At that time, He Zun was among them, and these things were exchanged by Chen Hu for 30 yuan.
Because there were too many things in the waste station at that time, this Piece He Zun was placed aside, and it just so happened that Lao Tong, an expert at the Baoji City Museum, went to the countryside to do business, passed by this waste collection station, and happened to see this bronze ware about 400 mm high.
He carefully looked at this Piece of He Zun, saw that He Zun was in good shape, exquisitely decorated and exquisitely made, and felt that this thing was not ordinary, it was estimated to be a precious cultural relic, but he was not a bronze expert, so he found the elder Wu to check it out, and after the confirmation of experts, this bronze was a precious bronze of the Shang Zhou Period.
Once the museum acquired the station, the original price of 30 yuan moved He Zun back to the museum for research, the result of the study of this bronze: 300 mm high, 286 mm caliber, weighing about 14.6 kg
After the study of archaeologists in the Baoji Museum, He Zun is a bronze wine vessel from the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was later collected and placed in obscurity in the mid-1970s.
It just so happened that Mr. Ma Chengyuan, the curator of the Shanghai Museum, was preparing the "National Exhibition of Newly Unearthed Cultural Relics", and He Zun was sent to participate in the exhibition. After Ma Chengyuan saw this bronze, he studied it for a long time and boldly guessed that this bronze was estimated to have an inscription.
Using the scientific way, peeling off the layers of copper rust inside He Zun, he really guessed correctly, and there were 12 lines of 122-character inscriptions around the inscription, Tang Lan, Li Xueqin, Ma Chengyuan and other taidou-level figures,
Research was conducted around He Zun, and it was this inscription that made He Zun stand out and become one of the national treasure-level cultural relics.
At the time of research, experts found that He Zun had a bronze inscription of 122 characters. It is recorded that King Cheng of Zhou inherited the testament of King Wu of Zhou, in which the four characters of "Zhaozi Zhong" or (Guo) are the earliest phrases in China.
The He Zun inscription has become the earliest recorded cultural relics in China, and He Zun's discovery not only confirms the historical books but also makes up for the lack of historical books. It can be said that it was very important, and later the curator of the Shanghai Museum, found the inscription and named it "He Zun".
Since then, He Zun has been insured for 3,000,000 US dollars to promote Chinese culture and exhibitions around the world. Until 2002, the Cultural Relics Bureau included him in the "First Batch of Cultural Relics Catalogue Prohibited from Going Abroad (Border) Exhibition", and He Zun became one of the 64 cultural relics that were permanently forbidden to go abroad, which can be called the treasure of the town and the country.
2. Tao Yingding
This Tao Ying Ding is now an international first-class cultural relic, but also an important national treasure of Yangshao culture, the current valuation has been incalculable, but it has become a chicken food bowl for a period of time after it was unearthed.
In 1957, the farmer Yin Siyi went out to farm, a shovel down, actually dug out an inconspicuous pottery, he looked at this clay pot shape is very similar to a chicken, thinking: Yo, this clay pot to make a food basin for the chicken is just right", it turned out that his family just happened to lack a food plate in the chicken coop, so he took it back to the yard and gave it to the chickens as a food bowl.
More than a year later, the archaeological team came to Quanhu Village to discover the Yangshao cultural site. The archaeological team was stationed in Quanhu Village, and with the archaeological excavations of yangshao culture, the archaeological team also visited the vicinity of Quanhu Village.
Because the Yangshao cultural site is nearby, Yin Siyi often goes there to see and walk, and gradually got to know some archaeologists, once the archaeological team went to the village to investigate and publicize the knowledge of cultural relics, he told the archaeologists that he had dug out a piece of pottery in the ground.
At that time, the archaeologists felt very curious, and followed him back home to see Tao Yingding placed in the courtyard, but the archaeological team saw the shape of this food plate and felt that it was not simple.
Just discuss with Yin Siyi, take this cultural relic back to the museum for study, Yin Siyi thought is not a chicken food plate? If it is really a cultural relic, it is also appropriate to donate it to the state.
In this way, Tao Yingding was brought back to the museum for research, in the study, archaeologists found that this clay pot is a Ding, but the square Ding we see is different, its shape is an eagle, the overall height of the Ding is 360 mm; the inside of the Ding is hollowed out for the Dingkou; the feet of the Tao Eagle, and the drooping eagle tail constitute a three-legged, so that the Ding stands smoothly.
The more archaeologists study this "chicken food bowl" of the Yin family, the more they feel that this cultural relic is extraordinary. Because the original Neolithic excavated cultural relics are rare, this kind of intact pottery is even rarer, and never found such a delicate eagle pottery before, the cultural relics are not only vivid in shape, the volume is also very different from other clay pots, the expression is also very cute, let people see the same, you know that it is well-made, so it should be a treasure in Yangshao culture, not a leisure thing.
As a sculptural treasure of China thousands of years ago, Tao Yingding has reached the extreme in shape, and Tao Yingding's eyes are shining with energy, as if concentrating on finding prey; the sharp beak reflects the eagle's momentum in the long sky; the powerful legs and developed muscles show the majesty and fierceness of the eagle.
But the overall shape gives people a cute visual sense. It can be said that it is a very perfect combination of static and dynamic sense of a work of art, seeing this cultural relics thousands of years ago, posterity can not help but sigh: Yangshao culture of the ancients, how can it be so ingenious?
However, around this cultural relic, there are still many puzzles, so far this Tao Ying Ding, what was the actual use in the first place? Is it watery? Storing grain? Or is it used for sacrifice? Archaeologists and historians are still studying it, but because of Tao Yingding's long history, one piece has been found so far, and it was later classified as a national first-class cultural relic.
Three: Golden crown belt
The golden crown belt is now the treasure of the town hall of the Jinsha Site Museum, but the excavation experience of the golden crown belt is more accidental legend than the above two pieces, as an important cultural relic in the Jinsha site, the golden crown belt was dug out, it was used as an inconspicuous rag in the mud pit, and it lay in the mud pit in the open air for more than 30 days.
So how exactly was it discovered?
In February 2001, in Jinsha Village near Chengdu, because of the construction of the "Shufeng Garden City", during the construction, workers used a bulldozer to dig out some strange shapes of stone bi and stone snakes, as well as some ancient ivory.
The news alarmed the Chengdu Museum, and soon they sent archaeologists to the local area to investigate, and after research, they felt that it might be a jinsha site related to Sanxingdui, and decided to conduct preliminary tentative excavations.
No one expected that a large archaeological discovery in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, second only to Sanxingdui, kicked off, the archaeological excavation of the Jinsha site is also very legendary, the original Chengdu Museum archaeological team stationed, the construction site has been excavated by the excavator a lot of earth, these earthworks are piled on a roadside, because of the needs of construction, after the end of the work, these earthworks will be filled back.
Because when the archaeological team was stationed, it rained here, the earth became muddy, no one expected that there would be cultural relics in the earth, but it just happened that the golden crown belt at this time was dug out by the excavator, because of the reason that it was too old, at this time, it was sticking to this layer of thick soil, on the surface, and the roadside rags and domestic waste, no one will pay attention,
So he lay in the mud for more than 30 days, and then there was a torrential rain, and after the rain, an archaeologist found that there was a golden light flashing in the mud pit, and he was very strange, because every day he walked here, he never found anything special.
Curious to go over to see, did not expect to find that there was a fine carved gold crown belt lying in the mud pile, at that time people did not understand what the situation, and later analysis believed that it was the heavy rain that washed away the soil on the golden crown belt, and the golden light was revealed, in fact, some workers reflected that as early as a few days ago, it saw this golden crown belt, but did not expect that it was a cultural relic made of gold.
The discovery of the Golden Crown Belt has made archaeologists very excited, but also feel very lucky. Because when the golden crown belt was dug out, it was piled up in the sewage pipe, and the soil was backfilled into the pit, and it had been piled up in the open and unattended, for more than a month, and it could be completely preserved, which had to be said to be a miracle.
Then experts conducted a study of the golden crown belt, found that this golden crown belt is not simple, the golden crown belt is round, wide and narrow, about 26.8-280 mm wide, 0.2 mm thick, weighing only 44 grams, excavated because of the distortion, has become a long strip, and later after the restoration of cultural relics experts to become the shape of the circle, after restoration it is surrounded by a circle, the diameter of about 200 mm.
During the restoration, it was found that the golden crown belt had finely carved ornaments, and the textures were divided into four groups, and it is still unclear whether these patterns are symbols or represent words, and each group of patterns is composed of double circles, arrows, fish, and birds.
The arrow rod connects the bird and the fish. The bird on the golden crown flapped its wings as if it were about to take off, and its eyes were shining brightly. The fish has large heads and round eyes, finely carved with various scales, and a slightly curled tail. The outer outline of the double circle has two spiral patterns, of which two are small circles, and the pattern is extremely elaborately conceived.
In the middle of the golden crown band is a double circle pattern. Some experts believe that the double circle represents a supreme totem, but more experts believe that it is the sun worshipped by the Sands and Sanxingdui people.
As for the use of the gold crown belt, some experts think that it is worn on the head, and some think that it is tied to the arm, but because it is relatively thin, there are also speculations that it is an accessory inlaid or sewn on a certain ornament.
The connection between the golden crown belt and the Sanxingdui
The Jinsha site has unearthed a lot of cultural relics, why can the golden crown belt become the treasure of the town hall?
In fact, a very important reason, is that the golden crown belt and the Sanxingdui site have an inextricable relationship, the study shows that the golden crown belt should be a heavy weapon of the Jinsha people, and according to ancient documents, the origin of the ancient Shu kingdom, there were silkworm bushes, cypress irrigation, fish, Du Yu, enlightened and other important leaders,
They can play an important role in the rise and fall of the ancient Shu kingdom, and in modern archaeological discoveries, whether it is the Sanxingdui site or the Jinsha site, they prove that these ancient myths and legends are not fictional, but also make the Shanhai Jing and Sanxingdui have a connection.
Studies have shown that ancient Shu, although there is no very important written record now, but from the discovery of cultural relics, it is seen that the Shu kingdom has been very developed in pattern carving.
Legend has it that the ancient Shu people advocated sacrifice, and because of transportation and trade, the imagination was also very rich, and the artists of the ancient Shu country were good at using simple lines to express nature and things.
The golden crown belt, whether it is the color and production process of gold, or the worship of the sun, is the same as the Sanxingdui sun wheel shaper, showing the respect of the ancient Shu people for the sun. After research and comparison, archaeologists were surprised to find that the pattern of the golden crown belt and the pattern on the golden staff excavated in Sanxingdui No. 1 are very close, from which some experts believe that whether it is a region or civilization, or the inheritance of art, the two civilizations are closely related.
Therefore, it is truly deserved as the treasure of the Jinsha Site Museum, of course, no one at that time thought that the rags in this mud pit, the things that had been exposed by the wind and the sun for more than thirty days, were actually a national treasure-level cultural relics.
Epilogue:
Things are the same as people, need a pair of eyes that know how to appreciate and discover, and cultural relics are the same, not only understand the historical value and significance of cultural relics, but also need to understand and precipitate Chinese history and culture, and each piece of cultural relics, are an important witness to Chinese history and culture, is an indispensable part of world history, and the study of archaeological relics, not only can improve history, but also can explore the origin of mankind, to provide a development direction for the future of mankind, and cultural relics collection has always been deeply loved by the people, Many people will think that cultural relics need to invest a lot of wealth,
In fact, what cultural relics need is an eye for discovery and some luck.
![He dug up the heavy treasure but sold it as a waste product, and the expert bought it back into a national treasure with 30 pieces, with the word "China" written on it[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)