preface
Robinson drifts and its transposition.
——Zhang Jing
1
Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe
Author: Daniel Defoe
Translator: Fang Yuan
Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House,
In 1978
#简介
Robinson's Drifting Tales is a successful realist novel.
The author uses vivid and realistic details to write the fictional scene as if it were immersive, so that the story has a strong sense of reality. Although the language of the work is simple and vivid, the text is clear and easy to understand, although the art is not very mature, it has played a positive role in the development of the British novel, and the protagonist of the novel, Robinson, has become a famous literary image in the history of European literature.
#书评
Needless to say, Robinson Crusoe is so familiar to us as young as young. Robinson, a brave adventurer, drifts to a desert island because of a shipwreck, relying on his own strength to establish his kingdom and order on the island. And in the later stages saved a wild man Friday, domesticated Friday, and finally returned to civilized society.
Defoe's novels, although adapted from live-action stories, create a unique adventure world, not a fairy tale adventure of dinosaurs or unknown creatures, these fantasy worlds are certainly desirable. The greatest fear or danger in Robinson's world comes from the exposure of desert islands and the possible presence of cannibal tribes, and there are no other wildlings visiting after Friday. Although Friday appears as a savage, it is still in the literary tradition, and Robinson and Friday are the savior and the rescued, the master and servant, the contrast between civilization and barbarism. Robinson was a Puritan figure who was a reflection of The Outward Expansion and Colonization of England at that time.
2
Friday or the Spiritual Book prison in the Pacific Ocean
Friday or the Spiritual Book of Hell in the Pacific Ocean
Author: (French) Michel Tournier
Translator: Wang Daoqian
Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House
In 2011
#简介
"Friday or the Spiritual Prison on the Pacific Ocean" is an allegory of the "decline and fall of modern civilization", which imitates the theme of Defoe's famous book Robinson Crusoe, but does the opposite in the theme. After Robinson was abandoned to the desert island alone, he managed the desert island in an orderly manner according to the model of Western civilized society. After coming to the desert island on Friday, instead of being domesticated as Robinson's slave, he destroyed all the signs of civilization with his natural nature, and slowly affected Robinson, so that the representative of Western civilization gradually abandoned the original cultural tradition and became a person who could communicate directly with the sun and merge with nature; in the end, Robinson voluntarily stayed on the desert island and refused to return to civilized society. It is nothing less than an adult fairy tale that tells a specific spiritual life.
#书评
"Friday or the Spirit of the Pacific" is one of the masterpieces of the French writer Michel Tournière, which won the Academy of France Literary Prize the year it was published. Another of Turnier's works, King Kaimu, was admired by Wang Xiaobo.
"Friday" can be seen as a transposition of Robinson Crusoe, robinson alone after being abandoned to the desert island, the desert island is well-organized. When Friday arrived, it at first appeared to be domesticated, but then detonated explosives, destroying Robinson's work. But then the relationship between the two was reversed, Robinson returned to nature, and Friday left the island with the fleet. In addition to Friday's relationship with Robinson, another important relationship in the novel is Robinson's relationship with Kojima.
What kind of person was Robinson? In Defoe's place is a frugal, industrious, lonely, deserted monarch, a rational laborer; while Turnier's novel is undoubtedly a transposition, quite different from Defoe's Robinson.
In Tournier's depiction, Robinson is an elusive man, who at first refuses to enter the island, with his back to the island, hoping to be saved, and then the image that appears is his deceased sister; then his mud-like despair, gradually entering the interior of the island, the image of the island is the mother; and then the island is a lover, and he has established a close relationship with the island. This relationship was destroyed with the arrival of Friday, and recently entered another realm, turning from earth to sky.
What is the relationship between Robinson and Friday? Robinson and Friday are the master servants, the civilization and the barbarism, the conquest and the subjugation. Although Robinson also regarded Friday as a companion, it was no different from his cats and dogs. This is, of course, the traditional Western literary model, such as Don Quixote and his servants.
But in Tournier, the relationship was unstable, Friday was not completely domesticated from beginning to end, the relationship between the two was reversed, and Friday was freewheeling, the person who was naturally closer. Robinson was eventually assimilated by Friday and became a savage. But Robinson himself was sublimated. In the end, Friday chose to leave with the European crew, while Robinson stayed on the island. The inversion between them is metaphorically through a game of role swapping, where they play each other and eventually seem to become each other.
What does it mean to be a Friday or a spiritual hell in the Pacific Ocean? Spiritual hell is a religious term that refers to a situation in which life and death are unknown, as well as to those who have failed to receive the gospel (such as the philosophers before Jesus). Who is in The Spirit Prison, Friday or Robinson? Neither the preface, the translator's preface, nor the interpretation of the book's posthumous readings have been mentioned.
In addition, the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze's Michel Tournier and the World Without Others profoundly analyzes the differences between the works of Defoe and Tournier, which can be referenced.
3
good fortune
"Fuku"
Author: (South Africa) J.M. Coetzee
Translator: Wang Jinghui
Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House
In 2019
#简介
You certainly haven't heard a story like mine. I just came back from a faraway place. I drifted to a desert island. There I lived with a strange man.
Susan Barton was dropped from a ship and went to a small island where he met Friday and his master, Croceau, who had no intention of returning home despite being killed. After Crosso's death, Susan Barton returned to England to write a letter to the writer Foo, hoping that Foo would write his story into a book, but Foo disappeared, but a person with the same name as Susan and claimed to be his daughter appeared...
Through the characters in the book, Coetzee offers a diverse perspective on concepts such as writing, storytelling, and the authenticity of the story.
#书评
J.M. Coetzee is a well-known contemporary novelist in South Africa, who has twice won the Booker Prize in the United Kingdom and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2003.
"Foe" means a deconstruction of defoe's name. What is the novel about? The story follows from the perspective of Susan Barton, who had lost her daughter and began a journey to find her daughter, because of the maritime rebellion, the captain was killed, she was exiled, and thus drifted to Robinson Crusoe and Friday's desert island, and lived with them for a year or two. Although new ships rescued them, Robinson died of fever and Susan returned to London with Friday to live.
Susan tells Defoe their story, and Defoe thinks the desert island story is not exciting enough and wants to make the desert island experience part of her journey to find a daughter, but Susan refuses. Of course, in the end, it is not pointed out whether Defoe wrote a novel.
The novel focuses on Susan Barton's narration and Defoe's writing, in other words, Coetzee's attempt to dissolve the authenticity and writing process of Robinson Crusoe. We also know that Defoe's novel is certainly not true, after all, the novel's prototype, Alexander Selkirk, was a sailor who was banished to a desert island because of his conflict with the captain, and returned to civilized society four years later, without the existence of barbarian Friday.
Coetzee fictionalizes a story that may be true from the perspective of a woman, after all, there is no woman named Susan Barton in Defoe's work, and she is simply disappeared compared to Friday's unspeakable silence. As a result, Coetzee's novels are often interpreted in two ways, postcolonialism and feminism. Is Friday the barbarians of the cannibal tribe? Or are they trafficked black Africans? Because he had his tongue cut off, he was silent all along.
What kind of person is Susan Barton? Is she really looking for her abducted daughter? Is the story she tells true? She seemed to be a sober and intelligent woman, but in fact she was a woman of a mutated captain, a lady of a muses or lover of Defoe, a mother looking for her daughter. But it seems that she is a bystander again, and the whole story is full of inexplicable fog, especially the last chapter, which seems to have been dissolved, is it a dream?
4
Natural Society Robinson's World
Natural Society
Author: Li Meng
Shanghai: Life, Reading, and Xinzhi Triptych Bookstore
In 2015
#简介
Natural Society: Natural Law and the Formation of the Modern Moral World is a central issue in the study of natural law. The author takes it as the origin of modern Western thought, focusing on the first generation of modern natural law schools, in order to discuss the formation of the modern moral world in the West.
#书评
Natural Society: Natural Law and the Formation of the Modern Moral World is a philosophical study monograph, but its introduction to Robinson's World is extremely interesting and clear, analyzing the problems posed by Robinson Crusoe from a philosophical perspective and why it is also a philosophical issue.
Robinson is not only a literary motif, but also a common discussion in the history of philosophy, which is roughly divided into two factions, one is represented by Rousseau's "Emile", returning to nature and opposing the shortcomings of modern civilized society; the other is represented by Marx's explanation, Robinson is a laborer, political, economic, and establishes his own civilized order on a desert island. Philosophers are so enthusiastic because they are related to the discussion of the state of nature at that time, for example, Hobbes's state of nature refers to a state of war in which each other fights and hurts, and human society must come out of it and restrain each other; Rousseau's state of nature is harmonious, naïve, and a state in which human beings cannot return.
So, is Robinson in the isolated island the state of nature? It is difficult to say that this is the case, he took a lot of tools and food from the ship, which was the basis for the subsequent series of activities and survival, and his construction of other tools, houses, etc., came from the memories and accumulation of civilized society, in other words, he recreated civilization with the memories of civilization. In this regard, Marx's explanation is undoubtedly convincing.
Divine will and destiny. Before Defoe described Robinson's exile to a desert island, he spent a lot of ink writing about how Robinson was restless, so that he was inclined to self-destruct, and did not listen to God's hints, of course, it can be said that this was for Robinson's complete conversion to Christianity later, which was a literary expression. "We don't really know that every moment of peace in everyday life is the luck to inadvertently escape from these dangers that we are not even aware of. In such a life, living is not natural, but a miracle. (Natural Society, pp. 17) was Robinson's convinced cry of divine intent that taught him to be lonely.
Even so, I still had a great interest in his wanderings, his escape from home, and my father's prophetic conversations. Robinson set out from London, encountered a storm at sea, was captured as a slave, went to Brazil to engage in plantations, and finally sailed to sell black slaves, although there was economic greed, more fundamentally it was still his desire for self-destruction, unstable heart, and finally fulfilled his father's words.
In Friday, Robinson begins with a great storm, interspersed with a long strip of tarot prophecies, each of which is an allegory of his later mental state, including the God of Creation, Mars, the Hermit, Venus, Sagittarius, Disaster, Chaos, Gemini, and Sun City.
Friday was gone, and then came another child on board, whom Robinson named "Thursday," which is Jupiter's Day. This prophecy may be fate, divine will, but why is it so?
5
King's Crusoe
King's Crusoe
Director/Screenwriter: Lee Hae-joon
Starring: Zheng Zaiyong / Zheng Liyuan
Genre: Drama / Romance
Country/Region of Production: South Korea
Language: Korean
Release: 2009-05-14 (South Korea)
Runtime: 116 minutes
#简介
Jin Shengjin (Played by Zheng Zaiyong) lost his job due to the reorganization of the company, and at the same time, the debt was high, and his wife also left him, and Jin Shengjin, who was completely disappointed in his life, climbed the bridge of the Han River and jumped... However, after Jin Shengjin woke up and turned around, he found himself drifting to the Jiangxin Island of the Han River, and after a short escape attempt failed, Jin Shengjin fell into a Rubinson-like situation on the edge of the city, recalling the cramped busyness of modern life, Jin Shengjin gave up the idea of suicide and began to rely on various waste products on the island to live an external life.
#书评
The movie "King's Crusoe" provides an expression of a modern island, probably in the bustling place of the city, a small person behind the network, the hero and heroine are all islands, and finally meet. It's a completely local story, where Robinson's bread is turned into Korean fried sauce noodles on a small island on the Han River, just outside the bustling high-rise buildings, and even takeaways can be delivered to the island.
The film itself is ingenious and restrained, the male protagonist is trapped on the island because of a suicide attempt due to loan sharking, but because he can't swim, he can't return to the city society again, and his fear of water comes from the failure of the stage of life. This is completely different from Robinson's love of adventure. The male protagonist's life on the island has also undergone changes, such as struggling at first, then accepting the status quo, and then settling down to live on the island, crying and weeping because of the discovery and expulsion. Friday does not appear in the movie, so is the heroine replacing Friday's role? This is doubtful, after all, there is no discussion of this topic, and if I look at the film alone, I would think that this is just a love film where two lonely people meet.
Why is Robinson called a modern myth? He created or reproduced civilized society entirely on his own on his own, which is a bit of a creator god. Another short story by Tournier reveals the end of Robinson, who is discovered and eventually returns to human society. And now there are no unknown islands on Earth. This is also why the male protagonist in the movie pleads to stay on the island, and the law enforcement officers say that "this is a national resource" seems to be joyful and real.
finish
This article is written by | Zhang Jing
This article was edited | Book Fish Jun
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