There is a name for it
A list of ancient Chinese bronze tablets
Csy_Sean
This content has been published with the author's permission
Figure 1 Photographed in the exhibition hall of the Shanghai Museum #Ancient Chinese Bronze Hall
Figure 2 Taken in the exhibition hall of the #Ancient Chinese Bronze Hall of the Shanghai Museum
Figure 3 Photographed at the Tan Guobin Museum of Contemporary Art #Ancient And Present - Tan Guobin Museum of Contemporary Art 15th Anniversary Special Exhibition #
Figure 4 Photographed at the Shenzhen Museum #Jijin Casting History - Ancient China in Bronzes # Special Exhibition
Figure 5 Taken in the exhibition hall of the Liaoning Provincial Museum #Ancient Liaoning
Figure 6 Photographed in the exhibition hall of Anhui Museum #History of Ancient Civilization in Anhui
1. Basic information
（1）
Name: Xiao Chen (pronounced xi) 卣
Age: Late Shang Dynasty
Collection unit: Shanghai Museum
（2）
Name: 戉 (音月)箙 (音音)卣
Age: Late Shang Dynasty
Collection unit: Shanghai Museum
（3）
Name: "癸 (audio track) 冉" Ti Liang 卣
Age: Late Shang Dynasty
Collection unit: Hunan Provincial Museum
Excavation information: Excavated in 1963 in Tanhe, Ningxiang
（4）
Name: Father Xin Ji
Age: Late Shang Dynasty
Collection unit: National Museum of China
（5）
Name: Shivaji
Era: Western Zhou Dynasty
Collection unit: Liaoning Provincial Museum
Excavation information: In 1955, it was excavated from the Machanggou Cellar in Yingzi Village, Haidao Island, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province
（6）
Name: Gong Ji
Era: Western Zhou Dynasty
Collection unit: Anhui Museum
Excavation information: In 1965, the no. 3 tomb of Yiqi in Tunxi City (now Tunxi District, Huangshan City) was excavated.
2. Official commentary
（1）
The whole instrument is dignified and heavy, although the pattern is not decorated with the popular cloud thunder pattern as the ground pattern, but due to the orderly distribution and collocation of the upper and lower patterns, and the use of high relief decoration methods, the overall decoration is simple and extensive, but also mysterious and solemn. The main ornamentation of the Xiaochen Fangjian is the animal face pattern, and the dragon pattern and the phoenix pattern also appear. The two sides of the beam are decorated with animal heads, and the beams are also decorated with dragon patterns. The whole vessel is surrounded by ridges, which is very solemn.
Figure 7 Side view of the vizier xi square
Fig. 8 Looking at the square cover through the lifting beam
Fig. 9 The animal face pattern on the abdomen of the apparatus has a pair of phoenix patterns above it
Fig. 10 A pair of dragon stripes on the neck
Figure 11 The head of the beast at the beginning of the Tiliang
Fig. 12 Dragon motif at the beam
Fig. 13 Inverted animal face pattern of the lid top and lid button
（2）
The animal's face and eyes are particularly large, and the technique is exaggerated. The rim of the lid, the neck, and the hoop foot are decorated with different forms of dragon and bird patterns. Different from the general 卣, this vessel has a longitudinal dragon pattern lifting beam, and the dragon head at both ends is decorated. There are four ridges from the cover to the circle foot. The vessel and lid are decorated with embossed large animal faces. Inside the lid is the inscription "戉箙".
Figure 14 Longitudinal beam of the dragon's head
Fig. 15 Decoration of dragon and bird patterns
（3）
Wine. Oval shape, mother-daughter mouth, bulging abdomen, circle foot, lid top and body ornamentation of four ribs. The body is equipped with a lifting beam. The cover is decorated with two sets of cirrus-like horned animal face patterns, the lid edge is decorated with banana leaf patterns, the neck is decorated with eight stripes, and the abdomen is decorated with two sets of cirrus cloud-like horns, exaggerated claws, and animal face patterns under the tail, and there are inverted crests on both sides. Circle foot ornamentation. Inside the lid and bottom there is an inscription with the word "癸冉". At the time of excavation, there were more than 1,100 jade beads and jade pipes in the temple.
Fig. 16 Huge animal face, exaggerated eyes
Fig. 17 Bird pattern at the bottom of the vessel
（4）
There are two half-ring ears on both sides of the shoulders of the father, and the two ears are set with rings at both ends of the lifting beam. This type of strapping of beams occurred during the breeding period (Xia Dynasty to the middle Shang Dynasty, 21st century BC - 13th century BC), and was popular in the heyday period (late Shang Dynasty to early Western Zhou Dynasty, 13th century BC - 11th century BC). The lifting beam and body here are also made by the casting method, first casting the body with half ring ears, and then completing the lifting beam through the "set casting" technology.
Fig. 18 Dragon stripes on the neck
Fig. 19 Dragon pattern on the foot
Fig. 20 Dragon pattern and melon-like button on the top of the lid
Fig. 21 The head of the beast at both ends lifts the beam
Fig. 22 Dragon pattern at the beam
（5）
The ends of the Stefadier beam are decorated with ox heads, and the lid is covered with rectangular catchers and horn-like protrusions. The lid and the rim of the mouth are decorated with a pattern for a week, lining the ground with a thunder pattern, a bas-relief pattern on the top, a bead pattern on the upper and lower circles, and a cicada pattern on the beam.
Fig. 23 Cover top stripes and beaded stripes
Figure 24 Bull head lift beam
Fig. 25 Neck wrinkles and beaded stripes
（6）
The body is droopy-shaped. The crown has horns on both sides of the lid, making a flared lid grip. The two ends of the beam are used as the head of the beast. The body is decorated with a cloud thunder pattern as the ground pattern, and the lid and abdomen are decorated with a phoenix pattern with a hanging crown, and the phoenix stands with its head in view, and the overall is slightly convex from the surface. The neck is decorated with a dragon pattern, and the animal face is used as a partition. The beams are decorated with cicada patterns as the main body.
Fig. 26 The abdomen of the organ is intertwined with a phoenix pattern and the neck is decorated with a dragon pattern
Fig. 27 The lid has a similar pattern on the top, flanked by the head of the beast
3. Relevant background
卣 (pronounced 卣), is a kind of wine vessel, distinguished from other bronze vessels by the lid and the lifting beam, and the shape is also different from the copper pot. It was mainly popular during the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Shang Dynasty, most of the copper medallions showed a flat circle body, and a few had a circle body, a barrel and a square body. Of the six bronze tablets in this issue, four are from the late Shang Dynasty and two from the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The first xiaochen fangjian is a famous artifact collected by the Shanghai Museum. Fifteen inscriptions were cast on the cover of the fang and on the bottom of the vessel, recording that the king rewarded the xiaochen, so the xiaochen cast this fangjian to sacrifice his ancestor Yi. XiaoChen was the official name of the Shang Dynasty, a close vassal of the king, who held the position of conveying the king's orders, and could also participate in auxiliary politics, and his status was quite respectable. From this, it is speculated that the owner name of this square is the name. Henan Anyang Yin Ruins Shang Tomb once unearthed a stone guise engraved with a Xiaochen inscription, the tomb era is presumed to be the late Shang Emperor B period, Fang Ji's era should also be at this time.
The second piece is also an important artifact in the collection of the Shanghai Museum. It is special in that the position of the lift beam is different from the common copper hammer. The common copper 卣, the abdomen of the vessel shows the main ornamentation, while the lifting beam is placed on both sides, which is horizontal; while the bronze is placed in the opposite direction, and the lifting beam is placed longitudinally, which is more special and rare.
The third piece of "Yan Ran" ti liang jie is an artifact excavated from the Tanhe River in Ningxiang. This is a major area where bronzes from the Southern Shang Zhou Dynasty were unearthed, and heavy objects often appear. The character "Ran" in its inscription refers to the Ran clan, a powerful clan in the Central Plains of the Shang Dynasty, and the "Ran" clan emblem is mostly found in Shang zhou bronzes. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the "Ran" tribe was more extensive, and the artifacts of the "Ran" tribe were found in Anyang and Luoyang in Henan, as well as In Chang'an, Baoji and Fengxiang in Shaanxi. Archaeological data show that the "Ran" clan and the Shang royal family had a marriage relationship, and the relationship between the two sides was quite close.
The fourth piece of the father Xin Ji, embodies the main of its casting process. The lifting beam and body of the father Xin Ji are made by the split casting method, and the lifting beam is cast by the casting technique. It is a representative work of the heyday of the casting method. And its special exhibition of ancient China in the Shenzhen Museum #Jijin Casting History – Bronzes provides us with five perspectives to appreciate and understand bronzes: shape (plastic art), flower (ornamental art), inscription (inscription calligraphy), gong (casting process) and leather (corrosion mechanism).
The fifth piece of Shi Vaji was excavated from the Kazuo Cellar in Liaoning Province, which is also a very famous bronze excavation site. The same inscription is cast on the lid and inner abdomen of the vessel: "Shi Vazzo's father Nong Zun Yi", of which Shi is the official position, the name of the cut is the name, and the father is the father of the cut. The Yin people have the custom of taking the name of the dry branch, so this should be the instrument cast by the Yin remnants. And this piece of Shi Fa Ji is a ceremonial vessel cast by the "Fa" who held the official position "Shi" to commemorate his father's "Nong".
The sixth piece of the gong, gong is the name of the caster. On the inner wall of the lid and bottom there is a cross inscription that reads "Gong zuo Bao Zun Yi, his grandson will always use". The shape of the gongjian is regular, the ornamentation is gorgeous and gorgeous, and it has a typical style of the Central Plains. Compared with other Wuyue bronzes excavated from the same tomb, the style difference is obvious. Its exquisite decoration of the phoenix pattern and the intersecting shape of the vertical crown are also very rare in bronze ware of the same period.
As a ceremonial vessel for holding wine, it was very common in the Shang Dynasty, when drinking was popular. The Zhou people learned the lesson of Yin Shang's destruction of the country, taking wine as a warning, and the number of people also decreased.
This content has been published with the author's permission