Today, the eastern liaoning has long lost its defensive historical position, and a new border stands between urban and rural areas, and like the integration of the north and the south, the integration and transformation between urban and rural areas.
With the excavation and confirmation of the Great Wall of Eastern Liaoning, conservation has become the next stage of work, and the "how to do" has caused a lot of controversy.
This article was first published in Southern People Weekly
Photo / Duan Xijian
Text / Southern People Weekly reporter Nie Yangxin
In Feng Yongqian's archaeological career, more than a decade was delivered to the Liaodong Great Wall. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the mainland has had a tradition of building the Great Wall. At the dangerous point of the mountains and rivers, a long side wall was built with masonry and rammed earth. The Liaodong Great Wall is rarely seen in history books, and there is no detailed location evidence, until the 1940s, When Feng Yongqian's teacher and archaeologist Li Wenxin found a section of "old edge" in the mouths of local villagers, after which generations of archaeologists have successively discovered the ruins of the Great Wall of twelve dynasties in the Liaodong region.
The starting point of the Ming Great Wall, the Great Wall of Hushan in Dandong, was excavated and rebuilt by Feng Yongqian. He found remnants of thorny rocks and rebuilt them based on historical evidence. The Great Wall of Liaodong runs west from Hushan to the city of Dandong, Benxi, Fushun, Tieling, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin, Fuxin, Jinzhou, Huludao and other cities, with a total length of about 2350 kilometers. After thousands of years of wind and rain, many sections of the Liaodong Great Wall have become difficult to identify, but the "boundary" brought by the border wall still exists deeply in the culture of the north and south.
North of the border wall is inhabited by Manchus and Mongols. At a time when the Manchu language was declining and customs were gradually dying, Chen Dongming of Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Benxi City was still using prints to record the farming customs and folk stories of Manchu villages. Chen Dongming, originally a farmer, attended a printmaking study class held by Li Dejia, a famous printmaker in Liaoning Province, in 1987 and fell in love with printmaking ever since. Chen Dongming believes that the expression of printmaking is very suitable for Manchu characteristics, and after the shrinking printmaking market, he opened a wood carving factory and used the income from the sale of wood carvings to maintain his printmaking creation.
The mountain forests of Maolinggou in Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City, were used by people to cut wood and burn charcoal in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and after the founding of New China, only mountain stones were left, and there were no forests. During the rainy season, flash floods carry stones into the fields and wash away crops. Bai Yonggui and dozens of local villagers, with the pragmatism and tenacity of the Mongolians in the face of the harsh natural environment, spontaneously became forest rangers, closed the mountains and cultivated forests for forty years, turning the bare mountains into lush and dense forests, while the rangers of that year, only Bai Yonggui and the other three people are still alive, have become white-haired old men.
At the beginning of the construction of the Great Wall, it was to defend against foreign enemies. Feng Yongqian found that the Great Wall is not only a boundary, but also a link connecting the two places. Before the Great Wall was built, "no one on both sides could easily approach, and there was a great distance between them, and there was a lack of contact." After the Great Wall, "the residents of the Central Plains have a protective barrier and can live in the border areas... Nomads also have the Great Wall, and they can go under the Great Wall. ”
Zhang Xinghua learned the art of making row boats at the Erjiegou Shipyard in Panjin City, a lightweight and sturdy wooden boat that can be used to go out to sea to fish, while Liaodong has no tradition of going to sea to fish. Whether it is the Liao river, songhua river or mudanjiang river, local fishermen are accustomed to chiseling through the frozen river in winter to catch the fish that swim up to breathe. Row boats were introduced by Shandong fishermen when they "broke into the Guandong", and they gathered in Panjin after the Qing Dynasty opened the sea ban, from here to Jiaodong Bay, only 40 kilometers.
The "Stone Pillar Ginseng" in Shizhuzi Village in Dandong City is said to have been cultivated by Shandong people in the Ming Dynasty. Seven old men went to the deep mountains of the borderlands to look for wild ginseng, found a piece of ginseng that had grown for a long time, took the old ginseng away, and participated in the planting of ginseng seeds on the spot, and set up a stone pillar as a marker, and in the next few years, they continued to return to this place and gradually cultivated a unique ginseng variety "stone pillar ginseng". Ginseng families like Guan Shengjun's family have lived a good life by relying on "stone pillar ginseng" in this barren and steep place where it is difficult to grow grain.
Tong Ronghou's ancestors entered the pass from the north to the south. The Tong family belongs to the Manchu Zhengbai First Banner, the ancestor Changshou was the minister of qinghai affairs, the head of the Shengjing household department, from Changshou below, Tong Ronghou is the tenth generation of heirs, he is 77 years old this year. Although the Tong family has moved south to Beizhen City, it still retains the Manchu ancestor worship custom "worshiping shadows", every Spring Festival, the clan will "please" the portraits of ancestors such as Changshou out to worship, men kneel and prostrate, women smear sideburns. At its peak, more than a thousand people worship each year, and they also have a strong sense of family belonging and cohesion.
Today, the eastern liaoning has long lost its defensive historical position, and a new border stands between urban and rural areas, and like the integration of the north and the south, the integration and transformation between urban and rural areas.
Yang Deshan and Wang Fengqin, who lived in The village of Sitaizi in Heishan County, were witnesses of the Liaoshen Campaign, and their yard was a hundred meters north of the Battlefield of the Black Mountain Blockade Battle. Yang Deshan worked as a guide for the People's Liberation Army and carried stretchers to rescue the wounded, while Wang Fengqin cared for seven wounded at home. After liberation, Yang Deshan successively served as the leader of the production team and the secretary of the village branch, witnessing the change of Sitaizi Village from grain failure, to planting high-yield grain and cash crops, and then to agricultural mechanization. He attached great importance to education, and all five sons and daughters passed the college entrance examination, broke away from the life facing the loess and turned their backs to the sky, and became city people.
Yang Guihua, a village chef, has suffered from the impact of the city's restaurants, and she used to only need to carry a stir-fried spoon to cook at home, and the rest of the feast items and labor were arranged by the main family. With the improvement of rural living standards, people are more inclined to more convenient catering services. In 2019, she decided to carry out "industrial upgrading", spent 17,000 yuan to purchase a celebration shed, hired five service personnel, and formed a one-stop service team.
Qi Sa is a girl from Xiaguan Village in Beizhen City, who has worked as a clothing store clerk, a food factory worker, a food store owner, and in 2016, she became a talent anchor along the wind of online live broadcasting, singing duo and local opera in the live broadcast room. The quiet and introverted Qi Sa gradually learned to perform in front of the camera, and his personality became cheerful and straightforward, attracting many fans. She bought a 300-square-meter three-story store in the city to do a live broadcast studio, hoping to become an Internet celebrity with tens of millions of fans, and whenever the spotlight is removed, the smile on her face will immediately loosen, and she will become a melancholy Qi Sa.
Cheng Changwei of Liaoyang City chose a way to return to the countryside. He was originally a large fruit wholesaler in Liaoyang, and when the business became large, the company's annual turnover was tens of millions. In 2016, he put down the fruit business and contracted 70 acres of mountain land on the outskirts of Liaoyang to open a farm. There were not many people who received him, but he himself gained ease in the life of farming, raising chickens and feeding sheep.
With the excavation and confirmation of the Great Wall of Eastern Liaoning, conservation has become the next stage of work, and the "how to do" has caused a lot of controversy. In 2014, Liu Fusheng broke the news on the Internet that the Great Wall of Xiaohekou had suffered a destructive repair, and the "most beautiful wild Great Wall" had become a "white ash wall". Liu Fusheng himself was also a protector of the Great Wall, and the days when he was in the countryside of Suizhong during the Zhiqing era made him have a deep affection for the Liaodong Great Wall. Since going to the sea to do business in the 1990s, he has invested his savings in the protection of the Great Wall, paid for the construction of roads, canals, vegetation, and the creation of the Great Wall Memorial Hall, but never interfered with the Great Wall itself, he wanted to preserve an original history.