Golden top red
Jianlan
Jianlan
Fragrant Concubine
Phalaenopsis orchid
Foxtail orchid
Peacock orchid
Large flowered orchid
Melan
As one of the four gentlemen of China, the orchid has a fresh and noble reputation and has always been loved by literati and inkers.
First, the introduction of orchids
Orchids (scientific name: Orchidaceae), belonging to the orchid family, are monocotyledonous, perennial herbaceous plants, also known as orchid flowers. Since most of the varieties of the ground orchid are native to China, orchids are also called Chinese orchids. The roots are long and cylindrical, and the leaves are clustered from the stem, linear lanceolate, and 2-3 pieces are in a bunch. Orchid roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds all have certain medicinal value. Orchid is a flower known for its fragrance, which has the characteristics of high cleanliness and elegance. Ancient and modern celebrities have spoken highly of it and are known as the gentlemen of flowers. Among the ancient literati, the beauty of poetry was often referred to as "Lan Zhang", the truth of friendship was likened to "Lan Jiao", and the good friend was likened to "Lan Ke".
Orchid is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, loved by everyone, it has a pleasant aroma, "there are orchids in the grass cluster by the roadside, not showing heroic posture and not showing brilliance; stay until the fragrance is fragrant, and the huiyuan is hidden and strange.". This fragrant orchid has always been favored by people.
The seductive and mysterious fragrance of orchids is incomparable to the aroma of any kind of flower in the world. Whether it is the fragrance of Huilan, the strong fragrance of Chunlan, the wood incense of some Jianlan, and the sandalwood fragrance of some annunciation orchids, they all have a common feature, that is, they are clear and quiet.
Orchids are mostly used in tea, orchid tea color turquoise, silver revealed, soup color clear, taste mellow, smell of orchid fragrance pleasant, drink sweet aftertaste, can be with Huangshan Maofeng, Taiping Monkey Kui and other famous teas go hand in hand. If you want to store orchids for a long time, you can cut the orchids, dry them, and mix them into the tea leaves for later. Rinse a little into boiling water, soak less, and drink. Orchid floral fragrance is a volatile oil secreted from the aromatic oil glands in the pillars of orchid flowers. Due to the physiological effects of plants, the secretion of these volatile oils may be spaced, so that people feel the aroma from time to time, faintly, light or heavy. The main chemical components of these volatile oils are esters or lactones of organic compounds and mixtures of terpenes enols, alkenal ketones and the like.
Second, the cultivation method of orchids
1. Soil selection for orchid farming
The soil used for orchids should be mainly humus, mainly using humus soil or mountain forest humus soil. In the south, the humus soil of origin, commonly known as orchid mud, can also be used saprophyll soil, vermiculite, perlite, etc., artificially formulated into loose, ventilated, permeable cultivation soil. Generally, 8 parts of saprophyll soil and 2 parts of river sand are mixed into cultivated soil, or 7 parts of saprophyll soil, 2 parts of perlite, 1 part of river sand mixed cultivation soil, or 6 parts of saprophyll soil (grass charcoal soil), 3 parts of compost soil, and 1 part of river sand are used to mix the culture soil. The above prepared culture soils are slightly acidic.
2. Fertilization method of orchid culture
Orchid fertilization, one is to apply base fertilizer in the culture soil, and the other is to topdress during the growth period. Topdressing is mostly liquid fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, and the concentration should be lighter than other flowers. Orchids change the culture soil once a year, and less topdressing can be applied during the growth period, and attention should be paid to the time. Generally in the growing season, it can be applied to the fully decomposed about 15% of the thin cake fertilizer water, or 0.1% urea fertilizer water plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer water, once every 15-20 days; before flowering to the flowering stage, 2-3 times O.2% O.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or grass and tree ash water can be sprayed to the foliar surface to promote the development of roots, stems and flowers. Orchids are fleshy roots and should not be applied to undecompoded fertilizers to avoid rotting roots.
3. Watering method of orchid culture
Watering orchids should be determined according to the type, growth situation and local climate, and it should be moist and not wet, dry but not dry; watering cannot be too much or too little, and master the principle of not drying in autumn and not wet in winter. Winter temperature is low, the plant is in a dormant state, should be controlled watering, generally can be watered every 5-7 days, but the winter flowering molan, need to water more water;
Spring and autumn are watered every 2-3 days; summer temperatures are high, and orchids are growing vigorously, with an average of 1 to 2 watering times a day. When watering, pay attention to prevent water spots from splashing on the leaves, so as to avoid black spots and affect the viewing effect. During the growth of orchids, water should be sprayed frequently on the leaves, and water should be sprinkled on the ground around the pots in summer to increase air humidity and promote the growth and development of orchids. Watering orchids, rainwater, snow water is the best, if you use tap water, you should store it for 2-3 days to use.
4. Temperature requirements for orchid farming
Potted orchids in the north should be moved indoors when the temperature drops to 5 °C before and after the frost festival, and the windows should be opened frequently at the beginning of the room to maintain air circulation. It is advisable to maintain the room temperature at about 10 °C in winter. After the valley rain moved to the outdoor maintenance. The suitable temperature for orchid growth is 16-24 °C, the indoor temperature in winter is generally relatively low, during the day at 10-12 °C, at night 5 -10 °C is appropriate, the temperature and humidity can not be too high; the summer temperature does not exceed 30 °C.
5. Light requirements for orchid farming
Orchids like shade and are afraid of direct light, so spring, summer and autumn must be shaded. Family orchids, in order to control the amount of light, it is best to place on the balcony window sill or under the eaves with bamboo curtain shade, generally before 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. for shade, and open the curtain in the morning and after 6 p.m. to make it accept the scattered sunlight. In winter, it should be moved indoors where scattered light is visible, but direct sunlight should also be avoided. Orchids are the strongest shade tolerance in Mo Lan, followed by Jian Lan, while Chun Lan and Hui Lan are weaker in shade tolerance.
6. Potting method of orchid culture
The environment in which orchids are cultivated should be well ventilated, moist and pollution-free. Blue pot to choose a high pot. The upper thickness is thin and the lower is thin, with multiple drainage holes, or the basin wall is equipped with drainage holes. The orchid basin itself should also have ornamental value.
Because orchids grow slowly, they can be changed every 1-2 years after the flowers are shed. When going to the pot, first fill the bottom of the basin with about 3 cm of tiles, slag, etc., to facilitate drainage. Then, put a layer of cultivation soil, and then put the orchid seedlings into the center of the pot, straighten the roots, let it stretch naturally, gently lift the orchid seedlings when filling the soil to halfway, and shake the pot at the same time, so that the soil and the roots are tightly combined, and when the soil is filled 2-3 cm from the mouth of the pot, it can be gently compacted by hand. After planting, water thoroughly and put it in a cool place, spray water once a day in the morning and afternoon, and move to a cool place with flower spots after about 7-10 days.
Although the orchid is very beautiful and has a wide variety, it has to be said that the requirements of the orchid for the breeding environment are also relatively harsh.