Cow abortion refers to the phenomenon of interruption of cows during pregnancy, and there will be stillbirth, mummy fetus, fetal spoilage emphysema, hidden miscarriage, etc., which is a common disease in clinical practice. There are many reasons for the miscarriage of cows, such as improper feeding management, infection with certain diseases, feeding banned drugs, external stimulation, reproductive system diseases, multiple miscarriage history, etc., if not correctly treated, it will seriously reduce the reproductive performance and breeding benefits of cows, so it is necessary to strengthen the daily feeding management of pregnant cows to prevent miscarriage, to do a good job in fetal protection and post-abortion treatment, according to the symptoms of abortion to give timely symptomatic treatment to ensure that cows give full play to production performance.
1. The cause of the cow's miscarriage
Common causes of cow miscarriage include improper feeding management, infection with certain diseases, and feeding of banned drugs. Affected by external stimuli, reproductive system diseases, etc., managers should carefully find out the causes of miscarriage, strengthen feeding management in production, improve the living environment of cows, reduce stress factors, and avoid the phenomenon of abortion in cows.
1.1 Improper feeding management
In the process of cow feeding, do not pay attention to the balanced combination of nutrition of pregnant cows, lack of minerals, vitamins and trace elements, resulting in lack of nutrition in the cow body, and poor physique over time, which not only makes it difficult to meet the nutritional needs of the cow itself, so that its physical condition and condition are affected, but also the growth and development of the fetus in the abdomen will also be affected, and even lead to malnutritional miscarriage in the cow. This tends to occur when extensively managed cattle, especially in winter when there are fewer or no forage resources, and cows are more likely to have miscarriages due to malnutrition.
Feeding cows moldy, poor quality, spoilage, and forage containing hormone and pesticide residues can easily lead to mycotoxin miscarriage in cows. Feed raw materials are of poor quality, more moisture content, prone to mildew and cause mycotoxins to exceed the standard, cows ingest such feed is easy to cause mycotoxin poisoning, poisoning their own body at the same time, but also cause harm to the fetus, causing miscarriage. Herding cattle, easy to eat pesticide sprayed forage, or fed more drug residue of forage, will also have toxic side effects on the body's organs, inducing cows to miscarry.
Raw cold water is given to cows in the cold winter; empty pregnant cows and pregnant cows are not divided into columns, and mixed rearing patterns are adopted so that cows collide with each other; alcoholic feeds and silage corn stalks are fed more acidic feed; and failure to prevent heat and cool down measures in hot summers will affect cows with heat stress. These conditions may lead to the miscarriage of cows.
1.2 Infection with certain diseases
In the process of growth and development of cows, if infected with cloth disease, chlamydia disease, trichomoniasis and other diseases, and not found in time and effectively prevented, it is easy to miscarry, especially cloth disease on the reproductive organs of the most serious harm, often after the onset of lifelong maintenance, is the most common and difficult to treat the disease.
1.3 Feeding contraindicated drugs
Some medicines are explicitly required not to be fed to pregnant cows, and if farmers do not strictly follow the instructions for the use of the drug or the guidance of veterinary personnel to use pregnant cows, then these drugs can stimulate the cow to miscarry. After the cow is infected with the disease, the use of contraindicated drugs not only harms its own body, but also has a toxic effect on the fetus in the abdomen, resulting in deformity and stillbirth in the process of fetal development. Some drugs are overdose, which will also produce drug residues and toxic side effects, which will directly or indirectly affect the fetus and cause cows to miscarry.
1.4 Stimulated by the outside world
Pregnant cows are prone to mechanical damage due to fright, strenuous exercise, etc. For example, cows are not routinely seized, violently driven, over-enslaved, and beaten. Irregular rectal examinations and vaginal examinations, fireworks and firecrackers around farms, etc. All of the above conditions can frighten or injure the cow, causing the fetus in the womb to develop or die. In addition, after the cow is stimulated by various stimuli, it will not only directly damage the abdomen, stimulate the uterine peristalsis and miscarriage occurs, but also the body's nervous system and endocrine system will also be disturbed, thereby inhibiting the cow's appetite and feeding intake, causing malnutrition miscarriage.
1.5 Diseases of the reproductive system
Cows with endometritis, placental abnormalities, chorionic hypoplasia, fetal oedema, and excessive amniotic fluid can cause miscarriage. Because cows are infected with these diseases, they will directly affect the development of the fetus in the womb, resulting in the inability of the fetus to grow and develop normally, or by the invasion of pathogens and infection, which eventually causes the suspension of development or death. At the same time, the imbalance of reproductive hormone secretion can also lead to the miscarriage of cows. After the imbalance of hormone secretion in cows, it will not only cause metabolic disorders in the body, affecting their own digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also further endanger fetal development and cause cow miscarriage.
1.6 History of multiple miscarriages
Cows have a history of habitual miscarriage, especially 3 consecutive miscarriages, and abortion is also very likely to occur in this fetus. In the process of production, when cows are prone to miscarriage due to poor development of their own reproductive system or some kind of aggression, it often causes the occurrence of habitual abortion.
2. Symptoms of miscarriage in cows
The causes of cow miscarriage are different, and the symptoms of miscarriage are also different, generally there are the following 4 types.
2.1 Latent miscarriage
Hidden miscarriage usually occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, pregnancy is interrupted but does not show any clinical symptoms, due to the small size of the embryo, after the death of the embryo will be liquefied by the mother to absorb or excrete the body, there is no trace in the uterus, and it will not bring any impact to the cow, so in the actual production, if the observation is not careful, it is generally difficult to find the phenomenon of hidden miscarriage in time. However, the fetal membrane that remains after the death of a 4- to 8-week-old embryo is not absorbed by the mother and remains in the uterus, which will cause the mother to not be in heat for a long time. It can be seen that hidden abortion can prolong the empty period of the cow, significantly reduce the reproductive ability of the cow, and even cause the infertility of the cow.
2.2 Stillbirth
Stillbirth, that is, the discharge of unchanged stillbirths, commonly known as "small births". This condition usually occurs in the third trimester of the cow's pregnancy. Before the stillbirth, the cow's pulse is accelerated, the body temperature is slightly higher, and the breasts are slightly expanded. If the stillbirth can be successfully discharged, the prognosis is good, and if the fetus is large and cannot be discharged smoothly, midwifery is required to avoid uteritis. This situation is equivalent to the cow's delivery process, and the manager needs to improve the level of feeding management, provide nutritious feed and pens with good environmental conditions, and help the cows recover as soon as possible. During midwifery, it is necessary to clean and disinfect the arms and utensils to avoid staining the reproductive organs of the cow and causing inflammation, affecting the future estrus, mating and conception of the cow.
2.3 Residual miscarriage
Residual abortion, also known as stillbirth stagnation, postponement of abortion, including fetal immersion, fetal decay emphysema, fetal dry corpse or mummification. Among them, fetal immersion refers to the fetus after death in the womb, its soft tissue will become liquid, but its bones remain in the womb; fetal decay emphysema refers to the fetus after death in the womb, will be infected by the rotten bacteria, resulting in tissue decomposition, gas production, and then decay, emphysema, but soft tissue and small bones will be excreted in vitro P; fetal mummification means that the fetus will remain in it after death in the womb, there is no invasion of putrefaction bacteria, fetal tissue water and amniotic fluid will be gradually absorbed and become mummified fetus.
2.4 Discharge of live tires less than a month
Live fetuses that are less than a month old, also commonly known as "premature birth", usually have sudden breast and labia swelling in cows 2 to 3 days before the fetus is excreted.
3. Prevention of cow miscarriage
After a cow miscarriage, it will have a serious impact on production capacity and even endanger its own life, so it is crucial to do a good job of daily prevention. In actual production, it is necessary to improve the level of production management, feed nutritious full-price feed according to the stage of pregnancy of cows, appropriately increase the content of trace elements, vitamins and other nutrients, and avoid malnutrition miscarriage in cows. At the same time, we will improve the biosecurity measures of cattle farms, according to the characteristics of the epidemic, vaccinate cows in the empty period, and regularly monitor antibody levels to ensure that cows are not infected by external pathogens. Clean up and disinfect the cow's living environment to reduce the risk of pathogenic bacteria invading. Experienced managers can use drugs for disease prevention and treatment of cows, but when choosing drugs, we must pay attention to the dosage and type of drugs, avoid the use of contraindicated drugs to cause miscarriage in cows, and the health care drugs used after pregnancy in general cows are Shengqun An, mother and child ankang, osteotropin, life hormones, etc.
Appropriately increasing the activity of cows and the time of sun exposure is conducive to improving the physique and immunity of cows, which is very helpful for a strong fetus in the abdomen. Pregnant cows need to provide sufficient living space to ensure that the ground is flat and reduce the number of cows slipping or competing for feed and drinking water. Managers need to be careful with the cows, it is strictly forbidden to intimidate and whip the cows, and keep the cow living environment quiet, which is conducive to the cow's quiet feeding and reduces the risk of miscarriage in the cow.
4. Treatment of cow miscarriage
Failure to intervene in the timely treatment of cow miscarriages will cause great economic losses. It is necessary to strengthen the observation of pregnant cows, and do a good job of fetal protection after threatened abortion and treatment after abortion. If the management, did not find the cow miscarriage phenomenon in time, the light causes the cow to delay the estrus, prolong the empty pregnancy period, serious will endanger the life and health of the cow, so it is necessary to strengthen the breeding management, prevent the cow from miscarrying, at the same time, in the daily management, there must be a high sense of responsibility, always pay attention to the behavior and condition of the pregnant cow, regularly monitor the pregnancy situation, in order to timely find abnormal conditions, take effective fetal protection measures, help the cow to produce smoothly, reduce the occurrence of miscarriage. Once a cow has a miscarriage, it is necessary to take appropriate methods of treatment according to the specific situation to avoid the harm caused by abortion to the cow.
4.1 Do a good job of fetal protection
If a cow has a threatened miscarriage, the first job is to protect the fetus. Intramuscular injection of 100 to 200 IU/dose of progesterone and subcutaneous injection of progesterone 80 to 120 mg/dose can be given once a day for 2 to 3 days. The sedative chlorpromazine is given, and vaginal examination is prohibited, of course, it is also possible to use Chinese medicine formulas for adjuvant treatment to improve the effect of fetal preservation.
At the same time, strengthen feeding management, improve the living environment of cows, ensure good temperature, humidity and air, provide nutritious full-price feed, and improve the physique and immunity of cows. Reduce the amount of cow labor, provide adequate rest time, lay soft cushion grass, and avoid cold irritation to the cow's abdomen. Reduces the fright and irritation of cows with signs of miscarriage and helps them to recuperate and preserve their fetuses.
4.2 Do a good job in post-abortion treatment
Symptomatic treatment is carried out according to the specific symptoms after miscarriage. If a cow gives birth to a mummified fetus, it is induced. There are two ways to induce labor, medical abortion and surgical induction of labor, drug treatment can use dexamethasone, surgical induction of labor is to use instruments to remove the fetus after the cervical canal is dilated, pay attention to placing antibiotics in the uterus after induction of labor to avoid uterine inflammation, and at the same time use traditional Chinese medicine with nourishing qi and blood effects on cows to condition the body. If fetal and fetal putrefaction emphysema occurs, promptly flush the uterus or remove the bones by caesarean section. But if the cow suffers from severe uterine inflammation, care must be taken when flushing the uterus to avoid rupture of the uterus.
If the cow develops systemic symptoms, it is given antibiotics to fight the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. If the cow has a premature birth or a small birth, it is mainly to activate the blood and dissolve the stasis to nourish the qi and blood, and the flavored biochemical soup can be used to activate the blood and dissolve the stasis, and the use of tonic and beneficial qi dispersion is to nourish the qi and blood, and the method of use is to boil the juice and take it when it is warm. When applying drug therapy, it is necessary to control the dosage and number of use of the drug to achieve the best treatment effect, so as to avoid the inflammatory response of the cow due to the poor treatment effect.