In April, both open-field cultivation and greenhouse-promoted grapes have entered the rapid growth period of budding, leaf spreading and branches.
The management of grape production in this month should pay attention to the three key points of bud management, pest control and fertilizer management:
1. Bud management
After the grape germination, the standardized management of the buds is the key first process in the grape growth period, whether the management is in place has an important impact on the growth, yield and quality of the grapes throughout the year, so it must be done in place. Bud management mainly to do the following work:
1. Spread the buds and settle the shoots
Grape winter buds are mixed buds, and 1 bud can grow 1 to 3 new shoots; Cryptobuds can also emit multiple new shoots under the stimulation of certain conditions.
In order to save nutrients, ensure that the new shoots grow strongly and the future shelf surface is ventilated and transparent, the excess buds must be erased.
The germination principle of the tree at the peak of fruit is to leave thin and not dense, leave strong and not weak, and leave flower buds without leaf buds.
Sprouting: Generally divided into 2 times,: the first time when the new shoots grow to 4 to 5 cm, the buds are smeared, the twin or triple shoots on the buds, 1 strong new shoot is selected, and the rest are erased.
If the new shoots are unevenly distributed, a small number of double vines with fruit spikes can be left, and the rest of the new shoots should be erased in time. For the second time, when the new shoots are 15 cm long and most of the inflorescences appear, some of the extra new shoots without the inflorescence are erased.
Fixed shoots: Generally when the new shoots grow to 7 to 8 leaves, the size and quality of the inflorescence can be clearly seen. Shoots are determined by tree potential, shelf surface and planned yield.
The principle is to remove the weak and leave the strong, the spacing is reasonable, generally each fruiting mother branch leaves 6-10 new shoots, and the spacing of the new shoots is maintained at 20 to 25cm.
The problems to be paid attention to in wiping the buds are:
First, the time for this work should be timely, and it is not easy to distinguish the robustness of the buds and whether there are inflorescences too early; too late, it is easy to waste nutrients.
Second, the amount of buds left should be reasonable. Too much retention, the future tree load is too heavy, the quality of the grapes has an impact; if the amount of retention is too small, it is easy to promote the vigorous growth of branches, which is very easy to cause serious falling flowers and fruits.
Therefore, how many buds to leave for a tree should be determined according to the design of the tree potential and yield, and through calculation.
2. Tie the whiskers
The purpose of binding vines in combination with fixed shoots is to make the new shoots evenly distributed, reasonably occupy the shelf surface, not too dense and too thin, and not to be disturbed by the wind and grow disorderly.
At the same time, it promotes the differentiation of flower buds, improves the fruit set rate, and regulates the growth potential of new shoots. When tying, pay attention to the loosening of the new shoots to facilitate the thickening of the new shoots; the wire should be tightly tied to avoid moving.
Whiskers are carried out while tying the vines. Grape tendrils have lost their role in artificial cultivation management, leaving tendrils only entangled with each other, causing trouble for management.
3. Pick up the heart according to the situation
As the temperature rises, the growth rate of the branches increases, and if the new shoots grow enough to require hearting, they should be removed at the right time.
Heartbreaking is the main measure to solve the nutrient distribution between the result and the growth of new shoots, and the hearting varies from variety to species.
In general, giant peak varieties such as giant peaks and vines are hearted on the main shoots of the fruiting mother branches one week before flowering, leaving 4-5 leaf hearts on the last inflorescence.
Eurasian species with good fruit set, such as Wei Ke, Beauty Finger, etc., can be picked when thanking flowers. Weakly grown fruiting branches can not be plucked. The developing branches leave 10-14 leaves to pluck the hearts.
2. Pest control
In April, the new shoots of the grapes grow rapidly and continue until the early stages of flowering.
With grape budding and leaf spreading, grape felt disease that overwinters on the bud scales first moves to the back of the young leaves, and the leaves are stimulated to form a felt-like shape.
Black pox disease also began to infect young leaves, young shoots and inflorescences in April, and pests such as overwintering grape penetrating moths, red spiders, mesozoans, and green blind bugs also occurred in large numbers during the budding and leaf development stage, and bred offspring while harming the young shoots.
Therefore, this month is an important control period for grape pests and diseases. If the right climatic conditions are encountered, it is easy to occur diseases such as black pox and gray mold.
It should be based on the prevention and control strategy of "heavy prevention in the early stage and heavy protection in the later stage".
Third, fertilizer water management
Fertilizer use, depending on the previous year's tree potential, base fertilizer use, germination fertilizer use, to determine whether the use of topdressing is required.
For example, due to too many fruits hanging in the previous year, the storage of the tree body is insufficient, and the leaf thin and yellow leaves appear after budding.
Foliar fertilizers of 0.2% to 0.3% urea solution should be applied once to 2 times at the same time as topdressing fast-available nitrogen fertilizers. Water management should be regulated in a timely manner according to the rainfall situation.
In the spring, the southern Jiangsu region generally has more rainfall, and it is necessary to pay attention to the dredging and drainage of the ditch system in the park to prevent field stains.
Fourth, prevent the cold of spring
It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of "pouring spring cold", especially the grapes that promote cultivation, germinate early, and if they encounter "inverted spring cold", it is very easy to cause frostbite on branches and inflorescences.
Therefore, we must pay attention to precautions and take preventive measures in time before the cooling comes.
Source: Grape Management Network