The pottery excavated from the tombs of the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties is not much in the number of daily utensils, and the shapes of the utensils include jars, plates, bowls, poppies, cylinders, ear cups, as well as spoons, stones, lamps and so on. Except for the cylinder, all of them are gray pottery with low fire and soft texture, which is significantly different from the practical hard pottery of the previous generation. Some plates, bowls and ear cups are often coated with red vermilion or a layer of white powder, which is undoubtedly a burial vessel at that time.
Western Jin Dynasty Yongning second year Yue kiln celadon chicken coop
Pottery jars are found in Places such as Shangyu in Zhejiang and Nanjing, Jiangsu, and are generally about 80 in height, 40 in diameter, and about 30 cm in diameter. Oval abdomen, curly mouth, flat bottom, blue-grey tire. There is a layer of black-brown glaze on the outside. The mouth is equipped with four striped ears, and the body is decorated with a line pattern, and the line pattern is added with a circle of serrations. It can be seen that the practical value of pottery at this time, in addition to large-scale special utensils, has gradually taken a secondary position.
As for the pottery mingware, it is popular in large quantities. The pottery vessels excavated from the tombs of Sun Wu and the Western Jin Dynasty are mainly grain processing tools, living utensils and various poultry and livestock models. The pottery tires are mostly red and coated with an extremely thin brownish yellow glaze. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was mainly yi congenches and horses, and other Ming instruments gradually declined.
Jintao ox cart
The most common of Sun Wu and Western Jin Dynasty pottery are: pestle, mortar, spring, mill, grain, ji, sieve, broom, well, stove, barrel, cylinder. Cover jars as well as dogs, sheep, pigs, horses, cows, chickens, ducks and so on.
Western Jin Dynasty yellow-brown glazed pottery flat pot
Some of the artifacts are small in shape, but they are small and exquisite, giving people a real feeling. The square and circular pottery mortars excavated from the three-year tomb of Wu Fenghuang in Zhao Shigang (273) outside the Guanghua Gate in Nanjing are not only identical in shape to the stone mortars excavated from the Han Dynasty, but also similar to the stone mortars often used in various parts of the south before liberation.
Western Jin Dynasty glazed pottery multi-sub box
In the tombs of Sun Wu and the Western Jin Dynasty in the vast area of Jiangnan, clay pots of the pavilions of the sculptures of the figures were also found, which is roughly the same style as the celadon characters of the pavilions. On the tank, the plastic heavy building double que, the ring seat molded statue, the roof cluster island finches, some of the belly pile turtles, fish, snakes, fire and other kinds of land and water animals.
This kind of clay pot excavated from the Eye Xiang Temple outside the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing has a clay coffin with a plastic paste on the mouth, and next to the coffin there are women wearing double long scarves to cover their faces, filial pieties who are crying on the ground, and music tricks accompanying mourning music are arranged in front of the coffin, depicting a scene of funeral ceremony in a sound and colorful way.
It is worth mentioning a pile of clay pots excavated from the Ganjia High Field in Nanjing, which is divided into three layers, except for the common temple, each floor has a seated Buddha and has a backlight. According to the Chronicle of Jiangning Province, in the fourth year of Sun Quan's chiwu (241), before the monks of the Western Regions Kangju Came to Jiankang, "there was no elephant religion in China", but "the Jianchu Temple was built in the southwest of Qinhuai", which was the first Buddhist temple established in Jiangnan. Judging from the pottery such as cylinders, stoves, mills, and mortars unearthed with this vessel, they all belong to the relics of the Sun Wu period, and their ages may be after Chiwu. Therefore, this pile of sculptures should be the earliest surviving Buddhist artwork in the southern part of the continent.
Western Jin Dynasty blue glaze stacked plastic barn jars
In the tombs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a so-called pottery rhinoceros is often found, which resembles a cow instead of a cow, with bunches of horn-shaped mane on the neck ridge and ventral side, mostly placed in the front of other coupons in the passage, and the head is guarded against the tomb door. This kind of pottery rhinoceros should be a beast that wards off evil spirits, so it is worth considering in the name. According to the "Biography of Sima Xiangru in the Book of Han": "Red head ring title, poor odd elephant rhinoceros." Zhang Yang's note: "Poor and strange like a cow and a hedgehog hair, its sound is like a dog." So it's more appropriate to call it Poor Odd.
The above-mentioned pottery mingware was produced in batches by the workshop of the autocratic ming ware for the funeral needs of the time. For example, the poor Qi excavated from Siban Village outside the central gate of Nanjing, and the tomb of the Six Dynasties of Shashishan outside the Zhonghua Gate, which is simply printed by a mold.
Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there have been fewer wars in the south, and the economy of landlords' manors has developed greatly. Although the Ming ware of this period is not as good as the majestic pottery towers, castles and other models of the Han Dynasty and the complete set of luxurious ming utensils such as wells, stoves, warehouses, and mounds, it can also be seen from the large number of excavated pottery warehouses and pottery grain processing tools, living utensils, and various kinds of poultry, livestock and other funerary utensils, which can also be seen in the economic development of the southern landlord's manor.