According to reports, the "List of Traditional Geographical Names Protection in the Functional Core Area of the Capital (the first batch of streets, alleys and alleys)" was recently released, and Brick Tower Hutong, Shijia Hutong, Yangmeizhu Xie Street, and Hundred Flowers Deep were selected.
The 700-year-old Brick Tower Hutong is the oldest hutong in Beijing, and its celebrity stories are particularly numerous.
Brick Tower Hutong famous Wansong Old Man Pagoda.
Zhengyang Bookstore has an internet celebrity cat.
Quiet brick reading space Zhengyang Bookstore. Photo courtesy of Visual China
Old Man Wansong and Yerushalayim
The term hutong originated from the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and has been used since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yuan Li Haogu's miscellaneous drama "Zhang Sheng Boiling the Sea" has a cloud: "You go to the front of the general shop of the brick tower hutong in Yangshijiao to find me." The street from West Fourth to Fuchengmen was once called "Yangshi Street".
How many hutongs have there been in beijing's history? Folk slang has clouds: "Three thousand and six in a big hutong, and a cow feather in a small alley." "If you trace back to the Yuan Capital, there is only one brick tower hutong. Therefore, Mr. Luo Zhewen called it "the root of Beijing's hutongs".
In the pre-Yuan Dynasty, the center of the Beijing city site was "Jiqiu", which is near the present-day Baiyun Temple, and the brick tower hutong was the "northern field of the suburbs". Guangji Temple, no. 25, Fuchengmennei Street, was originally the former site of Liucun Temple in the Western Jin Dynasty, which was incorporated into the city when the Yuan built the capital, rebuilt during the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty, and given the name "Hongci Guangji Temple" during the Chenghua period.
Brick Tower Hutong is located west of the XisiD intersection and has a history of more than 700 years. At the east entrance of the hutong, there is a Wansong Old Man Pagoda, hence the name. This is the only ancient brick tower in downtown Beijing, and the green brick ancient pagoda has heavy eaves layered on top of each other, like an old man full of stories. There is a saying that the Wansong Old Man Pagoda is most likely the burial place of the monks of Xiliucun Temple, similar to the Tallinn of the Songshan Shaolin Temple. The world has gone through vicissitudes, and only the Wansong Old Man Pagoda has survived.
The Old Man of Wansong was the Zen master of Wansong Xingxiu (1166-1246), who called himself Wansongyelao. In the fourth year (1193) of Emperor Jinzhangzong Mingchang entered the palace, he gave him the robes of the great monks of Jinqi, and was instructed to stay in Zhongdu to promote the Dharma and preside over the Bao'en Temple. When the Mongol army conquered Zhongdu, Wan Song Xingxiu was instructed to preside over the Wanshou Temple and pray for the blessing of the imperial family. In his later years, he retired to Rong'an, wrote books and lectures, promoted the strengths of each sect, avoided the shortcomings of each sect, and became a generation of masters. He was a high-ranking monk and great master with a political background at the time of the Jin Dynasty, who lived in his eighties and had a great influence on all classes.
From the standpoint of the Buddhist family, Wan Song Xingxiu profoundly discussed the theory of Confucius and Mengzhi, put forward the theory of "ruling the heart with Buddhism and ruling the country with Confucianism", and coordinated the "birth" and "accession to the world". The old man of Wansong varies from person to person, saying "emptiness" to those who have not yet served, "having" to those who have already served, and collectively talking about "clinging to it when there is emptiness, each of them has its own peace, and each of them does its own way."
Yelü Chucai was a disciple of Wan Song Xingxiu, and he was very respectful and sincere to him, "Those who brave the cold and heat, who have no day and night for three years, do their best", teachers and students are very close. The way of "ruling the heart with Buddha, ruling the country with Confucianism" is from "transmission" to "inheritance", from "learning" to "use".
Yelü Chucai was the eighth grandson of Yelü Bei, the eldest son of Yelü Abaoji, the grandfather of Liao, and was an official in the imperial court during the reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin. When the Mongol Iron Horse conquered Zhongdu, Genghis Khan heard Chu Cai's name and said to him: "Liaojin Shi Vengeance, I have revenge with you." Chu Cai said to him, "My father's generation has already served as gold, how dare I make a vendetta against Jun?" This answer is very high, and the implication is: "Jin is not a vendetta, of course, he can be loyal to Yuan." So he gained the trust of Genghis Khan and was appointed as the Zhongshu Ling (Prime Minister).
When the Mongol army first entered the Central Plains, some extremists thought that the Han people were useless and it was better to kill them, so as to make the grass and trees rich and beneficial to animal husbandry. Yelü Chucai stopped this incident and urged Wo Kuotai to say: "There is a lack of funds at present, and the local tax and commercial tax collected from the Central Plains can be calculated to obtain 500,000 taels of silver, 80,000 taels, and more than 400,000 stones of millet..." And set up a tax collector.
The following year, Wokoutai returned to the clouds, and the Ten Roads Taxation Envoy had already presented Jin, Shuai, and Su to the imperial court. Genghis Khan was overjoyed and said to Chu Cai, "How many sages like you are in the southern kingdom?" Chu Cai said to him: "The talent of the minister is insufficient, and there are many people who are much stronger than the minister." Genghis Khan had some understanding, and made Chu Cai rule Yanjing. At that time, the city was very chaotic, and in broad daylight, the car was robbed of civilian property, and Yelü Chucai killed 16 people, so that Yanjing was able to settle down.
After Chu Cai's death, he was buried on the east bank of Ongshan Po (present-day Kunming Lake of the Summer Palace), and Kublai Khan ordered the temple to be built as a sign of respect. The shrine still exists today and can be homaged by future generations.
Yelü Chucai was able to write poetry and good writing, and there are "Zhanran Jushi Anthology" passed down, which has many descriptions of the western style, which is a rare historical material for later generations. Wan Songxingxiu wrote a preface to this collection of essays, and the evaluation was very high. Between teachers and students, the concept of handling the world and governing the world is "one also".
A generation of talented women Gu Taiqing
Brick Pagoda Hutong got its name from the pagoda and had a great influence in the Yuan Dynasty. Since the 19th century, Gu Taiqing, Lu Xun, Zhang Hexhui, Shao Lizi, Qi Yanming... Many celebrities, successively.
Gu Taiqing is a Manchurian blue flag Xilin Jue Luoshi people, young name Chun, so it is called "Xilin Chun". Xi LinChun was taught by his grandmother from the age of three or four, and when he was eleven years old, his parents went into exile in Jiangnan and were raised by his uncle and aunt. His talent is brilliant, his exports are into chapters, and his poems are novel and exquisite, which is the leader of the Jiangnan Minxiu literary circle, and he is the nephew of Xie Daoyun and Li Qingzhao. In the early years of Daoguang, Xi Lin Chun entered the Rongjun Palace as the chair of the Gege Institute. The lord of the house, Yi Yi, is a talented son in the clan room, and he and Xi Lin Chun see each other at the same time, and the latter two become a couple. Yi Painting Room name Ya ya name "Taisu", Xi Lin Chun sui called Gu Taiqing.
After marriage, the couple often traveled together and visited famous places in western Beijing. Gu Taiqing liked to read "Dream of the Red Chamber", followed by "The Dream of the Red Chamber", which was published by Juzhentang of Longfu Temple in the second year of Guangxu and reprinted by Peking University Press in 1998.
After Yi Yi's death, Gu Taiqing was expelled from Rong Province, moved to Brick Pagoda Hutong with his children, and lived on the side of the ancient pagoda for 19 years. Many of the best works in the Tianfu Pavilion Collection were completed during this period. In the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), Gu Taiqing's grandson attacked the Duke of Zhenguo and regained control of Rong Province, and Gu Taiqing was honored by Taifu Jin and raised his life in Rong Province, the four major Buddhist temples in the East.
Lu Xun and Zhang hate water
In July 1923, Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren "lost peace", so he and his wife Zhu An moved to No. 61 Brick Tower Hutong. It is a very small courtyard, the gate faces north, two rooms in the east and west rooms, and three rooms in the north room. The three north rooms are only about twenty square meters in total. Zhu An lived in the west room, and the east room was the residence of Mrs. Zhou when she came to see her son. Lu Xun is in the middle of the hall, the study, dining room, living room, bedroom "four in one", the middle of the hall placed eight immortals table, eating, meeting guests, writing "all inherited".
In the more than nine months of living in brick tower hutong, Lu Xun proofread the "Ji Kang Collection", compiled the next volume of "History of Chinese Novels", and created works such as "On the Restaurant", "Happy Family", "Soap" and so on.
In the past nine months, Mrs. Zhou has come more than ten times and lived for more than 160 days, which can be described as a deep mother-son relationship. In order to fulfill his filial piety to his mother, Lu Xun purchased the small courtyard of Sanjo at the entrance of the palace, which is today's Former Residence of Lu Xun, and moved to a new house in May 1924.
Novels are Lu Xun's strong point, but Mrs. Zhou can't understand Lu Xun's novels, but she likes Zhang Hexhui's novels very much. Zhou and Zhang, two great literati, are also related to the brick tower hutong.
Zhang Hexhui's works, "The Golden Powder Family", "The History of Chunming", "Laughing At the Cause", "The Fourth Company Commander of the Northeast"... These novels reflect a wide range of content, all of which are infused with the imprint of the times and emit the voice of the times.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Hexhui returned to Beijing, worked as the manager of Xinmin Bao and the editor-in-chief of the supplementary magazine Beihai, and later purchased a small courtyard with a door number of No. 43 in Brick Tower Hutong. The courtyard has three north rooms, the middle is the living room and dining room, the west room is the bedroom, the east room is the study, the south room is three, and the east and west rooms are two rooms. There are cloves, elm plums, green bamboo, willow trees, and jujube trees in the courtyard, which are full of vitality and greenery.
In the spring of 1967, Zhang Hexhui completed the last journey of his life in this small courtyard at the age of 72.
Mr. Shao Lizi is known as the "Old Man of Peace" and has been an active sponsor or direct participant in many negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Shao Lizi settled in Beiping in 1949 and moved into No. 63 Brick Tower Hutong. This is a north-facing south-facing mansion, there are four national locust trees outside the door, two acacia trees, ginkgo trees and begonia trees in the courtyard, and the veranda is connected to the hall, and there are more than 20 rooms. Shao Lizi lived in Brick Tower Hutong for five years.
In 1927, Ye Gongqiu and other celebrities renovated the Wansong Old Man Pagoda, making it a collection place for literati and scholars, that is, a cultural salon, which was taken over by the Municipal Cultural Management Committee in 1950 and is now used by the Zhengyang Bookstore as a public reading place, free and open, known as "brick reading space". "Sven in Z" is not vain either.
Source Beijing Daily
Author Fang Biao
Process Editor Wu Yue