This is the 3711st article of Da Yi Xiao Nursing
In the long history and civilization of the mainland, wine has penetrated almost into all areas of social life, wine has brought a short period of physical and mental pleasure, but also brought many hazards, today we take you to understand what is acute alcoholism?
Acute alcoholism is a clinically common disease in emergency departments, mainly due to the state of central nervous system dysfunction that occurs after a short period of ingestion of a large amount of ethanol or ethanol-containing beverages. Confusion, breathing difficulties, speech disorders, etc. are often present, commonly known as drunkenness.
1. What are the relevant factors of alcohol poisoning?
After drinking alcohol, 20% is absorbed in the stomach and 80% in the upper part of the small intestine. The amount of alcohol intoxication and lethality varies from person to person, the amount of poisoning is generally 70 to 80 ml / time, the amount of death in adults is 250 ~ 600 ml / time, and the amount of death in young children is 25 ml / time. Whether poisoning occurs is related to the following factors: whether there is food in the stomach (fasting people absorb quickly), whether fatty foods can slow down the absorption of alcohol, gastrointestinal function (gastrointestinal function is good absorption rapidly), and the ability of human converting agents to process alcohol (it is not easy to poison alcohol quickly convert ethanol into acetic acid).
Second, the three stages of acute alcoholism
Excitement period
Flushed or pale face, conjunctival congestion, euphoria and excitement, talking endlessly, uncontrollable behavior, irritability, joy, sadness, emotion, often nausea, vomiting.
Period of ataxia
Clumsy movements, faltering, unstable gait, unclear language, blurred vision, diplopia, etc.
Lethargic period
Pale face, wet and cold skin, bruised lips, slowed breathing with snoring, decreased body temperature, from agitation to lethargy or coma, urinary and urinary incontinence, until the respiratory circulation center is suppressed and dies. A small number of people with acute alcoholism die of asphyxia due to lethargic vomiting, or cause aspiration pneumonia.
3. Differential diagnosis
Note that it should be distinguished from sleeping drug poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, stroke and other diseases.
4. What should I do with acute alcohol poisoning?
1. Take good care of the poisoned person and prevent him from straying into dangerous places due to confusion, motor disorders and emotional instability after drunkenness.
2. Help the poisoned person to maintain the lateral recumbent position. Because it is easy to vomit after drunkenness, but the throat reflex and swallowing action of drunk people are relatively slow, if you lie on your back, the vomit is likely to flow back into the trachea and misinsorb. Mild cases can cause aspiration pneumonia, and severe cases can cause tracheal blockage and suffocation to death. For alcoholics, it can be helped to lift the jaw, tilt the head back, keep the airway open, and then adopt a stable lateral recumbent position to facilitate the drainage of vomit into the nose.
3, pay attention to keep warm. Drunken people have dilated blood vessels throughout the body and will emit a lot of heat, especially in the cold environment of winter, which is easy to cause hypothermia, arrhythmia, and cerebrovascular accidents.
4. Dial 120 in time. Because acute alcoholism is critical, once it occurs, the people around them should send it to the doctor for treatment at the first time, so as not to endanger life safety or leave various sequelae.
5. Warm tips
Drinking is harmful and unproductive, and the safest amount of alcohol is 0. It is worth reminding that while taking antibiotic drugs, cephalosporins, blood pressure and blood glucose drugs, antiepileptic drugs and antipyretic analgesic drugs, you should not drink alcohol, so as not to react in the body and cause fatal consequences. If palpitations, hyperhidrosis, hypothermia, fast and powerful pulse, confusion, drowsiness, coma and other symptoms occur after drinking, you should immediately be vigilant for alcoholic hypoglycemia and need to be treated as soon as possible. If the hypoglycemic coma persists for more than 6 hours, it can lead to cerebral edema, central nervous system damage, and even death.
Author: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
Chief Physician Pei Honghong guidance
Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
Written by Zhang Ming, the nurse in charge