Image source @ Visual China
Original author | JIN, original title | The Introduction to Web 3.0 (NFT, DeFi, DAO, DApp, Cryptocurrency, GameFi, etc),Article Translation | Shirley
Web 3.0 is actually a derivative of today's Internet foundation, the World Wide Web. The Internet has survived the Web 1.0 era and is currently in the Web 2.0 era, and Web 3.0 is the next generation of the Internet we are looking forward to, the semantic web (semantic web, machines can read any data, and websites can provide information based on data). The most important of these is that ownership of data on the Internet will be decentralized.
Web 3.0 is a technological change that is disruptive enough. Why? Web 3.0 covers everything from entertainment, search, e-commerce, social networking, finance, and banking. Almost every type of application you can think of is launching a Web 3.0 startup project. The selling point of Web 3.0 is antitrust, anti-platform, and user-owned.
From the Internet of Information to the Internet of Value
To better understand Web 3.0, let's first review the history of the Internet over the past few decades, from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0.
Web 1.0
In 1989, Tim Bernes-Lee wrote a paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," in which he described the term "network" as a network of information systems interconnected by hypertext links. This is Web 1.0. Web 1.0 is a read-only network built on open, decentralized, and community governance protocols.
In the web 1.0 era, companies such as Netscape, Google, Yahoo, Amazon, eBay, Java, and AOL dominated the Internet with their browsers and search engines.
These platforms are content creators in the Web 1.0 era, and the vast majority of users above are consumers of content. Personal web pages are also common, consisting mainly of static web pages on web servers run by ISPs, or free web hosting services.
Features of Web 1.0:
1. Static pages;
2. The content is provided by the Platform;
3. Pages built using server-side containment or Common Gateway Interface (CGI);
4. Use frames and tables to position and align elements on the page.
You can think of it as a digital phase of traditional content creation. Platforms hire content creators to create text, images, and videos, and then provide them to users, which can only be read and cannot be changed. All rights to create, control, manage and benefit are owned by the Platform.
Web 2.0
The concept of Web 2.0 was proposed by Tim O'Reilly in 2004. He encouraged open source software and created the world's first portal. Content has since changed from "read-only" to "interactive".
In contrast to Web 1.0, in the Web 2.0 era, users were able to upload their own text, images, videos, and other content to the platform, no longer as passive recipients of content, but with the ability to create content and communicate with others. Thus, social networks emerged.
In the Web 2.0 era, people become users of various applications and create vast amounts of content on those products, and this data is controlled by a centralized platform. As a result, platforms can recommend different content to different audiences through different algorithms. The value of these platforms is closely linked to the number of users and traffic. Because data is not interoperable between different platforms, whoever has more information and data can better crawl traffic.
There are many applications in the Web 2.0 era, such as Facebook and YouTube. They make distance no longer an issue, but they quietly distort value relationships.
These platforms emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability for end users. There are no changes to the technical specifications, but the way Web pages are designed and used has changed. Web browsers use some of the development techniques of Web 2.0, including AJA X and the JavaScript framework.
Features of Web 2.0:
1. Dynamic content responds to user input;
2. Facilitate the flow of information between platform owners and users through reviews and online comments.
3. Developed APIs that allow self-use.
4. Network access leads to attention to a wider range of users.
5. Free classification of information.
Web 2.0 developed apps:
1. Podcasts
2. Blog
3. Labels
4. Social bookmarks
5. Social Networks
6. Social Media
7. Web Content Polls
8. Use RSS (Simple Information Aggregation) for planning
Although users provide content and contribution data on these platforms, this data does not belong to users. A series of privacy breaches have made it difficult to reconcile the contradictions between the platform and users. In addition to the content created by the user, all the control, management, distribution and revenue rights are owned by the platform.
Web 3.0
The concept of Web 3.0, proposed in 2014 by Gavin Wood, co-founder of Ethereum and creator of Polkadot, represents the shape of the next generation of the Internet era, the Internet's shift towards a more decentralized and democratic paradigm.
Compared to Web 3.0, Web 2.0 spawned a large number of platforms and Internet oligarchies. These centralized industry giants have laid down a set of rules for the operation of the internet world: users can provide their own private data and attention in exchange for the services provided by the platform. The platform uses users' data and traffic as "fuel" to drive its 4 monetization models: gaming, advertising, e-commerce, and membership services. In this mode, the user's attention and time constitute the traffic of the platform, and these traffic and generated data belong to the platform.
Thus, Web 3.0 represents the next generation of a decentralized Internet and gives individual value. In a centralized system, other nodes must rely on the center to survive, and the center determines the node. In a decentralized system, there are many nodes, each with a high degree of autonomy and its own decision-making process.
Today, Web 3 is still in its infancy, and various concepts are constantly emerging. Some people keep asking what Exactly Web 3 is, but no one can accurately predict its future. Web 3 focuses on the value of the relationship between "who creates, who owns" formed through decentralized technologies such as blockchain. The content created by users is owned and controlled by users, and the value created by users can also be distributed according to the agreement signed between the platform and users.
Features of Web 3.0:
1. Semantic Web: Improved web technology to create, share, and connect content through search and analysis based on the ability to understand the meaning of words.
2. Artificial Intelligence: Can distinguish between various types of information and provide faster, more relevant results.
3. 3D graphics :Widely used in computer games, e-commerce, geospatial contexts, museum tours and other websites and services.
4. Connectivity: Takes the user experience to another level, leveraging all available information.
5. Ubiquity: Content can be accessed by multiple applications, or services can be used anywhere.
Web 3 Digital Product Creator Project
27 NFT marketplace platforms
1. Opensea: The world's first and largest peer-to-peer digital marketplace for cryptocurrency collectibles and NFTs.
2.Foundation: A marketplace for selling unique Ethereum-based NFTs that can be bought and sold on the shelves or through auctions.
3.SuperRare: A platform that uses smart contracts to sell unique Ethereum-based art NFTs.
4.Rarible: An Ethereum-based platform that facilitates the creation, sale, and purchase of ownership of digital artworks (digital artworks, collectibles, music, videos, domains, metaverses, wearables, etc.) via NFT.
5.Nifty Gateway: An online auction platform/marketplace for digital artwork (limited edition, high-quality Nifties collections can be created).
6.KnownOrigin: An artist-driven platform where digital creators can easily verify, showcase, and sell the artworks and collectibles they create.
7.MakersPlace: This is the premier marketplace for the world's leading artists and creators to discover, collect, buy and invest in truly rare and authentic digital artworks.
8.Art Blocks: Curating and creating the NFT art market.
9.Async Art: Helped create a new art (including dynamic, interactive art, and music) revolution in the NFT market based on the Ethereum blockchain.
10.NFTb: A complete DeFi and NFT platform built on top of BSC for advanced digital art.
11.Shōyu: Sushi NFT Market.
12.Cryptograph: A one-of-a-kind digital collection from your favorite idols and artists that raise funds for charities forever through auctions, a platform secured by blockchain technology.
13.Momint: It allows collectors to tip as much as they can to support their favorite creators without having to give everything they need. It's a social media NFT marketplace where people don't need to know about blockchain or cryptocurrencies beforehand to participate.
14.Curate: The world's first gas-free NFT and peer-to-peer physical commodity marketplace app.
15.Zora: An open protocol for buying, selling, and managing NFTs (various media types) on Ethereum.
17. Ephimera: It aims to curate a space for artists, collectors and galleries to revolutionize the way art (photography and video art) interact.
18.Minty: An NFT platform/marketplace for creating, buying, and selling curated NFT art. At the same time, the platform will recommend creators to patrons so that the latter can financially support the former through art project sponsorship.
19.Beta Cent: A marketplace created for crypto art, casting art, photos, music, and writing.
21.Rendar: An NFT marketplace created for digital artworks drawn by the world's leading street artists.
22.Cargo: A multi-chain platform for creating, sharing, selling and purchasing NFTs.
23. Bisket: An NFT marketplace that offers unique and precious digital art, physical artwork, and fine art and cartoons.
24.Axie Marketplace: An online store for video games (Axie Infinity tokens) built on the Ethereum blockchain.
25.CryptoPunks: A platform for a digital art project built on the Ethereum blockchain.
27.Theta Drop: A platform for centralized video and TV distribution on the Internet, built on the Theta blockchain.
11 membership and social tokens
1.Roll: Creators and brands build a platform for branded digital tokens (social currencies) designed for their online presence.
2.BitClout: A platform owned by a user. Bitcoin is decentralizing money and decentralizing social media.
3.Rally: A platform for creators of the independent digital economy (cryptocurrencies) and online communities.
4.Liquiditeam: A platform where the creator builds tokens and sells subscription fees, token packs, and NFTs directly to the community.
5.Coinvise: Powerful tool for creators to build and operate tokenization communities.
6.Mirror: A decentralized publishing platform that revolutionizes the way we share and monetize ideas.
7.Fyooz: Provides a tokenized platform for celebrities and creators.
8.HumanIPO: A platform for creators to turn fans into shareholders by issuing redeemable shares.
9.Gari: Provides social tokens for short video content creators on Chingari.
10. Creton: A membership platform that provides creators with real-time subscription revenue from fans and ownership.
11.Bonuz: A platform for creators to connect with their fans by minting tokens to create exclusive content.
Builder of 8 NFT shops and galleries
1.NFT. Kred: An NFT platform for brands and creators that allow custom store designs, custom NFTs, and blockchain settings.
2.Bitski: The creators built the platform of the store by casting NFTs.
3.Dime: On this platform, creators can build storefronts, turn their content into unique NFTs, and sell them directly to their subscribers.
4.NiftyKit: On this platform, creators, brands, and businesses can use simple tools to enable NFTs and smart contracts.
5.NFTically: A platform for creators and businesses with friendly features, customization services, and large integrations to launch their NFT store or marketplace.
6.Mintbase: Anyone on this platform can create NFTs without worrying about technical complexities, including casting, selling, deploying smart contracts, launching stores, and creating NFTs on this contract.
7.Gallery: A platform for creating a public NFT collection gallery.
8.Cyber: Provides a free platform for artists and collectors to showcase NFTs, providing a fully immersive 3D experience.
6 NFTs from social media
1.Valuables: Twitter Marketplace.
2.Clout.art: A marketplace for Instagram posts.
3. Melon: A marketplace for social media content.
4.CocoNFT: A marketplace for converting posts on Instagram into NFTs.
5. BlogToNFT: A marketplace for blog posts with proof of ownership.
6.Beyond Mars Art: Sell artwork on Instagram.
4 NFT generation tools
1.Manifold: The creators have created products on the platform that go far beyond visual and audio NFTs and are more than just casting.
2.Nifty Pixels: A platform for drawing, casting, and selling 32x32 pixel artwork.
3.Photo: A mobile camera app that can convert any photo or video to NFT.
4.Nifty Ink: A platform built on an xDAI chain for drawing and creating NFTs.
3 communities
1.Friends with Benefit: Members come together for shared values and rewards.
2. PleasrDAO: A collection of DeFi leaders, early NFT collectors, and digital artists known for their philanthropic, important works.
3. PartyBid: In this community, users can set up a pool of funds to purchase NFTs as a team.
3 musician platforms
1. Royal: On this platform, you can buy songs directly from your favorite artists and use them to earn royalties.
2.Ampled: Provide a platform for musicians through collective ownership and community support.
3. Audius: Decentralized music streaming protocol that allows artists to publish their own work and get paid directly from fans.
3 DeFi platforms
1.OctoFi: Cash is returned when you trade on multiple blockchains using trusted DeFi and NFT markets.
2.Flair Finance: A platform where NFT creators and collectors enjoy decentralized hosting.
3.Unifty: A tool to drive the construction of the next generation of DeFi and NFT building blocks.
3 freelance work platforms
1. Braintrust: A new model of how work is done.
2.MyNFTeam: Provides a platform for you to discover, join, or convene NFT teams passionate about the field.
3.NFT Jobs and Gigs: An NFT platform that allows you to discover formal, temporary, and collaborative opportunities.
2 others
1.CharmVerse: A platform for creators to cast redeemable NFTs, known as "charms".
2.FingerprintsDAO: A platform built for blockchain fingerprint collectors, managers, and producers who use smart contracts in creative ways.
After learning about the above projects, you will have an ideological shift: "Anything you create will make you pay." "Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 enable the interconnection of information. In the Web 3.0 era, the interconnection of value has become possible, and the transmission of value is more important than the transmission of information. Web 3.0, based on decentralized networks, will revolutionize the economic system, change the way products are delivered and consumed, change the way businesses operate, and change the way society and individuals cooperate. The Internet is a vast network of data exchanges that is evolving into an increasingly complex ecosystem. The value created by individuals can be exchanged in the form of tokens, making the value better.
Web 3.0 represents the next generation of the Internet as it shifts power from big tech companies to individual users. The concept of Web 3.0 is decentralized and untrustworthy intermediaries (i.e. blockchains). The main purpose of decentralization is to weaken the center and enable direct communication, transaction and dissemination between people. The main difference between decentralization and centralization is that decentralization allows nodes to freely choose and decide on the center, while centralized master nodes.
One of the core innovations of Web 3.0 is consensus-based distributed blockchain technology, which allows users to reach binding agreements with strangers. Cryptocurrencies are the original application of blockchain technology. Blockchain was born out of the Bitcoin system, which is essentially a shared database. The data or information stored therein has the combined characteristics of decentralization, immutable, transparency and security. From this, a concept of "mistrust" arose. Based on this, blockchain lays a solid foundation of "trust" and creates a reliable "cooperation" mechanism.
Web 3.0 technology stack
The infrastructure of Web 3.0 is based on blockchain technology. The Web 3.0 technology stack consists of a 5-layer architecture, from L0 to L4.
https://web3-technology-stack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Layer 0
It provides the network capabilities necessary to build a peer-to-peer network.
1. Peer-to-peer (P2P) Internet Coverage Protocol
A point-to-point overlay network is a network of computers built on top of an existing network. It enables peers participating in the network to find other peers not through IP addresses, but through specific logical identifiers known to all peers.
2. Platform-independent calculation description language
Layer 1
Provides distribution and interaction capabilities.
1. Data Distribution Agreement
2. Low trust interactive platform
3. Low trust interaction protocol
4. Transient data transfer
Layer 2
Provides enhanced features such as scaling, computing, and encrypted messaging.
1. Layer 2 protocol
Layer 3
It is a human-readable language and code base that makes development easier.
1. Developer APIs and languages for protocol extensions
Layer 4
It's at this level that users are most likely to interact with Web 3.0 technologies.
1. Extensible protocol user interface
DApp program architecture
Web 3.0 removes Central Administration, which does not require a database to centrally store the state of applications or a centralized network server to store back-end logic. Programmers use regional blockchains to build applications on a decentralized state machine on the Internet.
The state machine is composed of a state register and a combinational logic circuit, which can convert the state according to the preset state according to the control signal, and is the control center that coordinates the relevant signal actions and completes the specific operation. No entity controls this decentralized state machine, which is maintained by everyone in the network. Smart contracts define the logic of the application and deploy the people who want to build the blockchain. Anyone can deploy code on a shared state machine.
1. Blockchain — Ethereum provides a programmable blockchain that is a globally accessible deterministic state machine maintained by a network of peer-to-peer nodes. State changes on ethereum state machines are controlled by consensus rules followed by network participants.
2. Smart Contract — It is a program that runs on the Ethereum blockchain and defines the logic behind the state changes that occur on the blockchain. Smart contracts are written in high-level languages such as Solidity or Vyper.
3. Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) — It is an emulator of a computer system that provides the functionality of a real computer in a completely isolated system.
4. Front-end—It defines the user interface logic that hosts the interaction with the user, as well as the application logic defined in the smart contract.
Token-based incentive approach
Tokens were originally an economic means used on the blockchain to incentivize "miners.". Many institutions want to become "federal banks" to issue their own tokens. Thus, Blockchain 2.0 – Ethereum and its ERC20 standard application – allows organizations to publish their own tokens on the platform. With the rise of NFT technology, the concept of tokens is constantly expanding: it can represent any digital right and value.
An organizational collaboration model based on dao (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations).
With the development of information technology and the increasing complexity of organizations, the emerging organizational governance model DAO provides good ideas for solving existing organizational management problems. The cooperative behavior of co-creation, co-construction, co-governance, and common enjoyment spontaneously generated by groups in the case of reaching an agreement is the solution of blockchain to people. Traditional organizations require a high degree of trust between members at different levels.
Web 3.0 ecosystem
1. DApp
DApps run on a decentralized and immutable blockchain network. This is an automated execution protocol that writes the terms of a transaction into the code through a smart contract. Both parties can transact without trust.
2. DeFi
It is a new financial system with features such as encryption, decentralization, and the use of blockchain.
3. NFT
This is a digital asset that has value due to its uniqueness. These digital assets can be transferred, sold, mortgaged, lent or saved for appreciation. At the same time, it is also a new way to make money, and you can sell your work without relying on intermediaries.
4. DAO
The DAO is a new organizational governance model built around transparency and inclusiveness, a community shared by participating members and managed by member consensus.
5. GameFi (Chain Game)
This model integrates gaming and finance, and of course, games are based on blockchain technology. Thus, GameFi represents decentralized financial products in the form of games and gamifies the rules of DeFi. Users can only earn revenue and rewards while participating in the game. Axie Infinity is a representative P2E (Play-to-earn) game.
Participate in crypto airdrops
Airdrop refers to a way for a project to distribute tokens to users in order to reward specific actions that the project wants to incentivize. These tokens can be sent to all existing addresses on a particular blockchain, or directed to addresses with specific behavior.
Developer subsidies
summary
At the national level, Europe and the United States are preparing to move from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. And most Asian countries are still raising money to mature their Web 2.0 technologies and applications. In our view, decentralization will not be the solution for most countries. In just a few decades, the major Internet giants have established new and huge monopolies based on big data.
[This article was originally published in ChainDede, authorized by Titanium Media App, author: Song Song]