According to two papers published in the latest issue of the Journal of Physical Review Letters, British scientists have solved the "black hole paradox" first proposed by theoretical physicist Professor Hawking 50 years ago, which shows a suspense that has long troubled the academic community: on the one hand, because of the gravitational strength of black holes, nothing can leave black holes; on the other hand, in quantum mechanics, there is indeed something radiated out.
The "black hole paradox" proposed by Professor Hawking 50 years ago has finally been solved.
According to reports, Professor Hawking's "black hole paradox" proposes that black holes are not actually "all black", and that matter entering a black hole will produce a pair of entangled particles and antiparticles at its "event horizon", one entering the black hole and the other escaping, which is the opposite of the state of the particles.
However, the "black hole paradox" pits quantum mechanics against general relativity, according to which black holes gravitate strong enough to make anything impossible to leave.
When matter enters a black hole, it leaves a very fine imprint on the black hole, the so-called "quantum hair".
A team of researchers at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom found that matter leaves a very fine imprint on the black hole when it enters it, the so-called "quantum hair", which provides a mechanism for linking quantum and relativistic problems. This solution allows the black hole event horizon to retain the information imprint of matter under quantum mechanics, while also ensuring that "nothing escapes" the black hole's gravitational pull under relativity.
In the first paper, the team demonstrated that black holes are more complex than originally understood, and that their gravitational fields encode information about how they form at the quantum level.
The discovery by Professor Xavier Calmet and colleagues has been dubbed the "quantum hair derives from gravity" theory.
Professor Calmet and his colleagues have shown that black holes do have some form of "hair", formed by gravity.
The interesting name is a response to an idea proposed by physicist John Archibald Wheeler in the 1960s.
Wheeler's "hairless theory" holds that black holes lack any observable features other than total mass, spin, and charge. Professor Calmet and his colleagues have shown that black holes do have some form of "hair", formed by gravity.
Scientists have shown that when quantum gravitational correction is taken into account, matter that collapses into a black hole leaves an imprint in the black hole's gravitational field, which is called a "quantum hair."
In a follow-up paper, Professor Carmet and co-author Professor Stephen Hsu from Michigan State University demonstrated that their "quantum hair" solves Hawking's black hole information paradox. The "quantum hair" provides the mechanism by which information is preserved during the collapse of a black hole, thus solving one of the most famous puzzles of modern science.
Co-author Roberto Casadio, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Bologna, explained the discovery of "quantum hair" and said that a key aspect of the study is the way black holes form.
The latest research suggests that there is an intricate entanglement between the quantum state of matter behind the event horizon (inside the black hole) and the state of the gravitons outside.
Black holes are formed by the collapse of compact objects. According to quantum theory, there is no absolute separation between the interior and exterior of a black hole, and in classical theory, the "event horizon" acts as a perfect unidirectional membrane that won't let anything out.
However, in quantum theory, the state of matter that collapses and forms a black hole continues to influence the external entangled state.
Professor Xu said that the concept of causal horizons is at the core of the concept of black holes, and in classical physics, what lies behind the event horizon cannot affect the outside of a black hole. The latest research suggests that there is an intricate entanglement between the quantum state of matter behind the event horizon (inside the black hole) and the state of the gravitons outside, which allows quantum information inside the black hole to be "encoded" in Hawking radiation that escapes infinite distances.
Text/Nandu reporter Chen Lin