Cha Li (1715-1783), formerly known as Li, also known as Xue Li, zi Gong Shu, Jian Tang, also known as Rong Chao, Iron Bridge. A native of ShuntianWanping (present-day Beijing), he was originally from Haining, Zhejiang. His father, Cha Riqian, moved the salt industry of Jinmen to get rich and built Shuixizhuang in jinxi. Later, his brother Zha Weiren repaired and expanded it, and widely placed cultural relics in the village, attracting famous people from all over the world, and for a time the cultural prosperity, Shuixi Zhuang was listed with the Yangzhou Ma's Xiaolinglong Mountain Hall and the Hangzhou Zhao's Xiaoshan Hall as a private garden known in the north and south. When Cha Li was young, he was sensitive to learning, and he studied with his brothers Cha Weiren and Cha Weixue Shuixizhuang. Brother Shi wrote poems for celebrities such as Ren and Li Yan, Hang Shijun, Wang Xun, Wan Guangtai, Chen Yi, etc., and wrote calligraphy and painting, and during the period of Cha Li's contamination, there was a poetic name in the fifteenth year. After repeated attempts, Na Zhao was appointed as the head of the Shaanxi Division of the Household Department, the governor of Qingyuan Province, Guangxi, Limiao Tongzhi, the prefect of Taiping Province, the prefect of Ningyuan Province, Sichuan, North Sichuan Province, Songmao Province, Sichuan Envoy, Sichuan Envoy, and Final Hunan Governor. Cha Li has been engaged in politics in the remote southwest for decades, and has been diligent in government, building water conservancy, and widely practicing civil and cultural education, and has made considerable political achievements. He also participated in the Pacification of the Great and Small Jinchuan War, and had outstanding military achievements. Cha Li Ping wrote about Hongfu in his lifetime, and in addition to political affairs, he liked to write poetry articles. He also worked in calligraphy, you are good at painting plums, and wrote the "Inscription on Painting Plums", which is a guiding work of painting plum theory. Sexually addictive, good gold stones, books, paintings, and printing habits. After the funeral, his son searched for his poetry and miscellaneous works, compiled them into thirty-two volumes of the "Manuscript of the Copper Drum Library", and added four volumes of the "Copper Drum Library Seal".
When Cha Li was young, he "sang poetry in time". (Tianjin County New Chronicle, vol. 21) The scenery of Shuixizhuang is quiet and beautiful, with beautiful scenery such as Lancuixuan, Pillow Creek Corridor, Shufantai, Lotus Xiangxie, Huaying'an, Po YueFang, and Moss Flower Hall. Cha Li's poem about Shui Xizhuang is as Xu Shichang commented, "fresh and gentle, from the spirit of sex". ("Evening QingYi Poetry Collection") such as his "Shuixizhuang Autumn Rain" four of its three clouds: "The blue water is full of shallow sand, and a few bushes of bamboo are cultivated." The most pitiful autumn is full of sparse hedges, with rain obliquely opening lentil flowers. "It's really beautiful, elegant, and natural. His "Lotus Champs Before the Test boat" wrote: "The red conch cup is a small patrol, and the drunken bow of the ship is illuminated in the evening." Not the old Xikou Road, but smell the orange mallet on the back of the mountain. "The poet wandered through the water in Xizhuang after getting drunk, and everything was full of leisure and elegance. Another example is the poem "Late Water West Village Drinking Cuixuan": "The breeze is slow to come late, and the peach is first flowering." The grass in the west of the city is as green as a wall, and it is confusing to cover the strange and the que. A touch of green smoke embroidered the plain field, and the super-dust domain is close to the same as the horse. Miscellaneous trees are covered with green shade, and the clouds are hanging under the eaves. "The blooming peaches, the turquoise spring grass, the misty mist, the gentle shade, the poet will see the beautiful scenery of spring in the evening, which makes people feel immersed. There is also no shortage of excellent poems outside Charlemagne, such as "Ding Zi Gu waiting to be crossed in the snow", which writes about the clouds seen in the snow day: "The frozen willow roost crows are endless, and the gushing river is mixed with ice currents." The acid wind blows more and more urgently, and the fishing on the other shore brings snow to harvest. "The scene is real, as in the present. His "Family Meritorious Nephew Over Tao Ran Pavilion to See the Snow" Cloud: "Pine Forest He Ran Ran, Jackdaw Flying Dots." The hut is obliquely oblique, and the cold dog barks at home. Wei Meng knew the Western Mountains slightly, leaning on the sills and Xiao Xiao caged two sleeves. "Writing about the snow scene of Taoran Pavilion, the writing is also fresh and vivid.
The style of the poems written after cha li yiguan is quite different from the works of his works in the area of Shuixizhuang and Jinmen, especially the poems composed by Jiuju in the southwestern frontier can be described as "the help of the country and the mountains", and the achievements are quite high. Hang Shijun commented on his poems: "The less works have been passed on by themselves, and those who pass on the frugal hall are especially the works after serving the officials." ("Bronze Drum Book Hall Collection") Cha Li's official poems are many long and extensive, "where the opportunity for military use is appropriate, the people's livelihood is beneficial, and the poetry is often seen, in order to explain its aspirations." ("Jiaqing Re-repairing a Unified Chronicle") The poetic style is talented and exuberant, tall and strong. For example, his poem "Jinchuan Naturalization Gongji One Hundred Rhymes" writes about the life of the horses in the Western Expedition to Jinchuan, and the poetry is stirred and the momentum is extraordinary. Another example is "Too Small Zhigu Mountain in the Wind and Snow" to write that the army crossed the small Zhigu Mountain cloud in the wind and snow: "Thousands of searches up and down, circling for dozens of miles." The people walked to the clouds, and the horses walked in the snow. I don't know the height of the mountain trail, but I see the cold light. The long forest is full of ditches, and the empty valley rings with frozen water. Grain men come like ants grinding their teeth. The shock is overwhelming, and the fall is bottomless. "A strong pen, writing about the hardships of the crossing, it is shocking. Cha Li also has no shortage of works describing the magnificent heroes of the southwest mountains and rivers, such as his poem "Dawning out of the North Gate of Maozhou Li Shuangxikou Zhi Land Ridge": "Yuanxi is a horse, and the poor are strange." Winding ridge road remote, bamboo green all over the mountain. Hancui spits out clear smoke, like spring yin brew. Hovering to the top of the ridge, the lone cloud is low. Looking back at the Nine Peaks, The King of Sherang's Divine Qi. "The poet climbed the land ridge and faced such a majestic and beautiful mountain and river, and could not help but feel happy.
In addition to poetry, Challi can also compose lyrics, but compared to poetry, lyrics are the rest of the work. There are three volumes of Zha Li's surviving words, which are included in the "Copper Drum Shutang Testament", so it is called "Copper Drum Shutang Words", counting more than 140 yuan. Although Cha Li did not compose many words, he wrote two kinds of words, one of which was included in the "Copper Drum Shutang Testament", so it was later called "Copper Drum Shutang Words and Sayings", one volume; the other was "Rong Nest Words and Sayings", three volumes, included in the "Collection of Uncle Cha Gong". "Tonggu Shutang Words and Phrases" is widely known to the world because it was included in the "Dictionary of Words and Phrases" by Mr. Tang Guizhang, but less is known about "Rongchao Words and Sayings", and it is often used as an alias for "Copper Drum Shutang Words and Sayings".
The Words and Sayings of the Rong Nest can be found in the seventh volume of the manuscript "The Collection of Uncle Cha Gong", which is now the National Library of Tibet. The "Collection of Uncle Cha Gong" consists of seven volumes, signed "Wanping Cha Li Gong Uncle". However, this collection is not the work of Cha Li alone, the content is more chaotic, there is his poetry collection "The Sequel to the Northern Expedition", the upper and lower volumes, but also includes the poems, articles, letters, etc. compiled by Cha Shi and interacted with friends, such as the "Yunyu Huaizhu Collection" is a collection of books and poems written by his friends.
The three volumes of "Rongchao Words and Sayings", volume 1 mainly focuses on lexical theory, and explores the origin of words, the development process of words, the sound of words, the tone of words and other words. Regarding the institutional characteristics of words, Cha Li once put forward the view that "words are different from poetry and then better, but words are not separated from poetry to be elegant" ("Words and Sayings of Copper Drum Book"). In the "Rong Nest Words", it has a more detailed discussion of the characteristics of words. Its cloud:
The words are noble and elegant, noble and evil, noble and evil, noble and noble, noble and vicious, noble and evil, noble and evil, noble and evil, noble and evil, noble and evil, noble and fresh and evil.
On the difference between small orders and long tones: "Small orders are short and long, and long tones are full of spirits." "The small order is like the spring swallow language, the autumn night insect sound; the long tune is like the sound of the Yunling Luan, and the Songgang tiger roar." Its theory reflects the continuous progress of Qing Dynasty lexicology's understanding of the characteristics of words. Volumes 2 and 3 of the Rongchao Dictionary are devoted to the study of Qing Dynasty lyricists, listing works, commenting on lyric compositions, and recording the exchanges and lexical activities of poets, which is a valuable historical material for the study of the history of Qing Dynasty words. His record of the lexical activities of the famous poets of that time, Song Wan, Gong Dingxiao, Wang Shichen, and Chen Weisong, is an important reference for examining the lexicology of the early Qing Dynasty, such as the record of Song Wan's words:
Song Liqiao deposed the official Tour west lake, and feasted with Lin Tieya Sihuan, Cao Gu'an Erkan, and Wang Xiqiao Shilu, performing the legend of "Handan Dream", Song Yue: "The portrayal of the rest of the generations." The impromptu cloud of "Manjiang Hong": "Ancient Mo Handan, wheel hoof road, red dust soaring." Cha Han, Lu Sheng woke up, and GuiZi was unharmed. Outside the Mishima Immortal Game, the Centennial Qing Xiang Yu Lu. Sighing, it is difficult to cook is Huang Liang, who can pay. Vicissitudes of the sea, peach blossoms. Inside the mao shop, the yellow chicken sings. Read the past and the present, a cup of new brew. Pushi Seashore Conquest Jie, Yunyang City On the Shuluo Battle. Laughing, half of the book did not end, like a si. "The word is to sit and watch, and to drink generously for it."
This is a record of Song Wan, Cao Erkan, and Wang Shilu's "Jiangcun Singing Harmony", which was one of the three famous songs in the early Qing Dynasty. (Press: The other two times for Yangzhou Hongqiao singing and singing for Jingshi QiushuiXuan) Song Huan worked diligently for the officials after Ming entered the Qing Dynasty, but his career was bumpy and he was imprisoned twice. Once in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), he was imprisoned by a rebellious servant, and once in the spring of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), his clan falsely accused him of conspiring with Yu Qi, the leader of the Dengzhou rebel army, and the whole family was raided and sentenced to three years in prison. After being released from prison, he wandered to Jiangnan, homeless, sent people under the fence, and lived a life of upheaval and displacement. West Lake banquet, watching the legend of "Handan Dream", Song Wan, from the feeling, composed the words of "ManJiang Hong", lamented the fame of the clouds, life is like a dream. At this time, Cao Erkan was stripped of his post in the "Song Cancellation Case", and he was imprisoned, sentenced to exile, and soon released from prison; Lin Sihuan was also wronged in the early years of the Kangxi Dynasty, and after his release, he had no intention of pursuing a career, and he lived in Hangzhou and released a boat to the West Lake; Wang Shilu was also "imprisoned in the language of the people" for several months. The four people who gathered on the shore of Xizi Lake were similar, so Song Wan's indignation to explore the earthly world resonated with everyone. Song Huan's words also typically reflect the resentment and decadence of the Han scholars and doctors of the new dynasty at the beginning of the Shunkang Dynasty in the face of an extremely sinister and devious political situation.
The Qing Dynasty poets in the Rongchao Dictionary include Gong Dingxiao, Wu Weiye, Qin Songling, Wang Shichen, Peng Sunsuo, Shen Jin, Gong Xianglin, Li Fu, Zhu Yizun, Cao Rong, Zha Rong, Wei Kun, Li Nianci, Gao Heng, Song Huan, Li Liangnian, Zha Shenxing, You Dong, Chen Weisong, Li Yu, Wan Shu, Zha Siyao, Shi Dahu (Zhipu), Hu Jie, Wan Shouqi, Mao Qiling, Qu Dajun, Shi Shilun, Zhuo Renyue, Xu Shijun, Shi Shilin (Dashan), Lu Yan, Ren Yan, Du Juan Monk (YuanHong), Guo Luoluo Yunju (Akin), Tang Jianzhong, and Xu Peihuang , Wang Xun, Wan Guangtai, Zhang Nanhua, Yi Fune, Zheng Xie, Wulin Yi old monk, Lu Bing. The lexical literature of the lesser-known lyricists, lexical compositions and lexical activities recorded in later generations is more precious, and some of the lyrics that do not use the name of the word also depend on their survival. As it remembers a cloud:
Shi Da's humble wisdom lived in the Qinggou Zen Temple of Xipan Mountain, and was most closely related to Wang Ruanting and Hong Fang Sisheng, and sometimes made small words, but also had many qi, such as the mountain line "WangjiangNan" cloud: "In the depths of the depths, the small bridges of the winding streams are horizontal. Thin clouds return to the shadows of a thousand zhang, and bending springs emit the sound of hundreds of springs. Stand up and do it. "See the joy of liberation.
Zhipu's "Wangjiangnan" words, Shiduo thought that qianlong traveled to Panshan, and Lai "Rongchao Words and Sayings" learned its true author. The rest of the words such as the monk Ji Cuckoo, the Manchurian GuoLuoluo Ajin, Tang Jianzhong, Xu Peihuan, Wang Xun, Manchurian Yifune and others have high epistemic value. In addition, "Rong Nest Words" also records some of Charlie's own singing and returning lyrics with lyricists, which is undoubtedly helpful for us to understand his creation. For example, the last one of the words records that when Qianlong Yanwei (1773) was stationed at Wolong Pass in the autumn, he sang with Xiucai Lu Bing, and the lyrics "Reminiscence of the Old Tour" Yun:
Reminiscence Huayang Apartment, sitting in the best guests, every move away from love. I have new words, so that I can recite them to the autumn supper, and the tone is poignant. The dream soul almost wants to fly away, and there is no way to board the journey. Hate the trail to send border passes, when to the wine, to continue the gull alliance. God is frightened, the past is wandering, the night and the moon are sad, and the ghosts cry and camp. Years of gangoli, sighing horse fistula tired, heart tired of talking soldiers. Jincheng looks east, and the smoke is chaotic. But silently, the end of the world resounded with the sound of yellow leaves.
In the early days of Cha Li, due to his many contacts with Zhejiang poets, his lyrics were quite relevant to the west of Zhejiang, and this word was desolate and tragic, which showed the true state of mind of the garrison border generals who were homesick and tired of soldiers.
In the "Words and Sayings of the Rong Nest", Cha Li also has a more detailed record of the creation of the Cha Men lyricists Cha Rong, Lady Zhao (Cha Rong's wife), Zha Shenxing, and Cha Si Yao, and his record of Cha Rong Yun:
Haining Jia Tao Huang Bo Rong poetry talent Zhuo, fill in the words elegant and clear, sentences more naturally cobbled together, the author of a volume of "Han Xiang Zhai Zi Banknote", concentrated on the Yellow Crane Tower "High Balcony" a very good tone, word cloud: "Han Guang sticky sky, Jiang Hui zhidi, a thousand years of yellow crane rock head." In this regard, the road is on the upper floor. I don't see the crane by the fence, I hate the white clouds, a few pieces of leisure. More ruthless, red sun galloping west, green water flowing east. The chu king's palace was mounded. But phoenix old road, parrot space. The grass-colored smoke is miserable and full of idleness. At that time, the battle was like a dream, and the universe and the verses stayed for a long time. Laughing now, thinking about it, and getting drunk. Another small order, the middle tone is also contained in the passage, sending Ronggu's Anhui "Picking Mulberries" cloud: "Where there is a sad place outside Moling City, send guests to laolao." The barking is noisy, and the sand bank is filled with water. The steep sail wind leads to the cold of spring, listen to the rain, and count the stagecoaches. Morning and evening tides in front of Baizi Mountain. ”
Zha Rong now has a volume of manuscripts of "Huanhua Ci", which is a photocopy of Luo Zhenyu in the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917). The Han Xiang Zhai Zi Qian recorded by Cha Li is not found in the bibliography today, and it is not known how it relates to the HuanHua Zi. However, the scribed by Cha Li is rated as the study of Haining Cha's lexicography by the present generation is not without benefit.
It should be pointed out that "RongChao Words and Sayings" is not an alias of "Copper Drum Shutang Words and Sayings", but a rich independent word. "RongChao Words and Sayings" Volume 14, Volume 2 50, Volume 3 11, a total of 75, of which "Old Monk of Wulin" is exactly the same as the "Words and Sayings of the Copper Drum Shutang", "Zheng Xie" is somewhat different from the words and phrases of the "Copper Drum Shutang Words", and the rest are not found in the "Words and Sayings of the Copper Drum Shutang". "Copper Drum Shutang Words and Sayings" is from the "Copper Drum Shutang Testament", which has the "Pinglu Cong Carving" of the Thirteenth Year of the Republic of China (1924) Tianjin Jinyuhui Carved Jinmen Literati, and the most common is Mr. Tang Guizhang's "Dictionary of Words and Phrases" version. In addition, the Novel Monthly, Vol. 9, No. 10, 1918, also published "Copper Drum Shutang Words".
Guan Tingfen of the Qing Dynasty compiled and engraved a volume of Cha Li's "RongChao Words and Sayings" in the "Hua Jinlou Series and Supplements", and wrote a poem: "Mr. Rongchao's poems imitate the Tang Dynasty, while Yisheng is the Northern Song Dynasty." "Words and Sayings" is a volume, with little ink, quite the gist of medium and long sentences. Gai Yile laughed at Ong Liu Ya also. "Examining the content of this "Rong Chao Cong Dialect" is exactly the same as the "Tonggu Shutang Words", Guan Shidang is also recorded from the thirty-second volume of the "Copper Drum Shutang Testament", so the cloud "one volume", because of the Cha Li number Rong Nest, so Guan Shi named the words and phrases after "Rong Nest". Therefore, the one-volume "RongChao Words and Sayings" is actually an alias of the "Tonggu Shutang Words and Sayings", and although the name of the three volumes of the "RongChao Words and Sayings" contained in the "Collection of Uncle Cha Gong" is the same, the book is actually different.
About author:Yang Chuanqing, from 2001 to 2007, studied in the College of Literature of Northeast Normal University, received a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts degree, from 2007 to 2008, taught at the Affiliated Middle School of Nanjing Normal University, from 2008 to 2011, studied in the Department of Chinese of Nankai University, under the supervision of Professor Sun Keqiang, and obtained a doctorate in literature; since July 2011, he has taught at the College of Literature of Nankai University. He is a director of the Chinese Lexicology Research Association and an editorial board member of the "Qingjin Bunko" of Tianjin Qingjin College. His research interests are lexical literature collation and research The history of Chinese literary criticism Tianjin Regional Literature, has undertaken many national projects, with fruitful results.