Tengxian unearthed portrait stone, in which Fuxi Nuwa holds a disc in her hand, expert: representing the "god" of the Han Dynasty
The subject matter of the Han Portrait Stone of the Han Dynasty in Shandong is all-encompassing, not only the kitchen chart, the feast and drinking chart, and the music and dance hundred drama diagrams that reflect real life and social customs; there are also mythological stories that reflect people's beliefs, exorcism ceremonies, auspicious birds and vegetables, and religious portraits; Tengxian unearthed a pair of "human head snake body" portraits, the man is Fuxi, the woman is Nuwa, they hold a "disc" in their hands, a look of awe; expert research shows that what they are holding is not an ordinary copper plate, but a Han Dynasty "god"; what is going on? Let's take a look!
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of Han portrait stone tombs have been found in Shandong, which is unique to Shandong; sometimes there are as many as thirty portrait stones in a tomb; the excavation of these portrait stones provides us with a pair of portrait stones that are invisible in the historical materials; in 1996, a pair of portrait stones were unearthed from the tomb of Cao Wang in TengXian County; a man and a woman are more clearly shown in the painting; both are human-headed snakes; according to the worship of snakes by the ancients, it is not difficult to understand that they are the mythological images of Fuxi Nuwa.
What does it mean that they lifted the two "discs" high above their heads with their hands? The two discs can be lifted up by the gods, and they are certainly not ordinary copper plates, will they be magic weapons?
In the past archaeological process, there were a large number of Han Dynasty deity portraits found, experts tried to find clues from them; in the Han Dynasty, the exorcism of evil spirits and evil images reflected the flood of ghost and god thought at that time; Xiang bird Seocho is the image proof of the Han Dynasty Xiangrui thought; the gods in the Qin and Han Dynasties are extremely extensive, and many substances in nature and the human world are the objects of people's worship.
Looking at the gods in The Chinese paintings, after careful comparison, combined with historical records, experts deduce that what Fuxi Nuwa is holding in her hand is not any physical object, but the "Sun God" and "Moon God"; how to understand this?
The worship of the sun god and the moon god was formed in the pre-Qin period; the Han Dynasty still existed in its belief; in the portrait stone, "sun god" and "moon god" often appeared; for example, the Jining Han Dynasty portrait stone tomb, the southern section of the tomb chamber carved sun wheel, the sun has a golden wu; the so-called "golden wu" is a mythical image in ancient mainland China, legend has a three-legged crow in the sun, its hair is illuminated into gold, so it is called jinwu; its legend is widely seen in various documents; such as the "Shan Hai Jing , The Great Wilderness East Classic" has clouds: "There is a fumu on the Tang Valley." One day to the other, one day out, all in Ukraine. Another example is the "Huainanzi Spiritual Training" Cloud: "There is a day in the day." Zhu Yun: "Squatting is also called three-legged wu". The Book of Later Han and the Astronomical Chronicle quotes Zhang Heng's Lingxian Yun: "The Sun, the Sect of Yang Jing. It is formed into a bird, which is like a black and has three toes. ”...... Modern scholars believe that the sunscreen is the mythological interpretation of sunspots by the ancients.
In the tomb of Dongjiazhuang Han in Anqiu, Shandong, the portrait of the top of the tomb is carved with a sun wheel and a moon wheel, and there are three-legged crows in the sun wheel, and there are jade rabbits and toads in the moon wheel; about the moon god, the ancients have long understood that the moon has a circle and a deficiency, but do not understand why; so people have a series of associations with the moon, forming many myths, such as Chang'e running moon, toad and jade rabbit, etc.; among them, toads and jade rabbits often appear in the moon wheel diagram of the portrait stone at the same time; what kind of mythological story is this?
About the jade rabbit in the middle of the month; according to the "Quasi-Heavenly Question", there is a cloud: "Where is there in the middle of the month?" White rabbit pounding medicine"; today, people are more familiar with the jade rabbit, but from the portrait stone data, in the Qilu region of the Han Dynasty, the myth of the toad in the moon seems to be more popular at that time; it is still a very unexpected myth; according to the Lingxian There is a cloud: "Yi please the medicine of no death in the West Queen Mother... She was entrusted to the moon for the toad. "Meaning, the beautiful fairy Chang'e turned into a big toad... Some of the portrait stones, such as Jindoushan in Gaozhuang Township, Zoucheng City, Tai'an Dawenkou and Jinan Daguanyuan, still have only toads and no jade rabbits in them; this shows that people seemed to be more receptive to toads at that time.
Similar portraits with "Sun God" and "Moon God" also appear in Xiji Town, Shanting District, Zaozhuang City, Daguan Garden in Jinan City, and Tai'an City
Wenkou and other places; in the portrait stone of the tomb of King Cao of Tengxian County, there are also relevant images in the "disc" held by Fuxi Nuwa; so on the whole, what they hold high is not a copper plate or a magic instrument, but the "sun god" and "moon god" that people believed in at that time.
[References: Lingxian, Quasi-Heavenly Questions, Huainanzi Spiritual Training, etc.]