Jiang Zhushan, a small person with a "lightning-style" marriage history in "Jin Ping Mei", has always been despised by commentators.
Chongjian Benmei criticized him as a "person with no real ability, and it is often not interesting to ask for this." ”[1]
Many scholars today call him a self-insulting liar, and even denounces him as a "shameless hooligan" and a "shameless person who has lost his morality and ethics" [2]. Such comments are exaggerated.
First, Jiang Zhushan was born as a doctor and cured Li Zhen'er's illness, which shows that he has certain medical skills; he speaks in a crepe and crepe, "a group of humble and respectful", well-mannered, and can be described as a small intellectual at the bottom of society.
Second, although the author says that he is "extremely frivolous and deceitful", he is not a charlatan, he is just a frivolous nature, unstable, like to play a little clever, he attacked Ximen Qing's words and sentences are true, and the medical skills that demean Hu Ghost's mouth are not far from ten, not to mention rumors and slander, malicious intentions.
Third, he is less than thirty years old, "the character is flowing", and lonely, when Li Zhen'er's spirit is empty and he longs for men's love, he "has a covetous heart" and takes advantage of the void to enter the Li family, which is really the common sentiment of secular men and women who are lustful, and they are not despicable and shameless, and after entering the rich, they try to please Li Bottler, which shows that he has some true feelings and understanding.
Wanli Ben
However, Jiang Zhushan, who handled things frivolously and did not know the depth of the world, finally tasted the bitter fruit of marriage, and after two months of imprisonment, he was framed and beaten by Ximen Qing, and then he was swept out of the house by Li Zhen'er, ending up in an embarrassing situation of crying and crying, enduring pain and shyness.
Jiang Zhushan's beating and abandonment seems to be caused by his frivolous behavior of not knowing the height of the sky, but it is actually a social tragedy.
At the beginning of the birth of the Golden Plum Bottle, the late Ming academic circles pointed out its creative purpose of extorting the Song people and Song events to curse the life of the world, Shen Defu said that it was a work of "denouncing current events"[3], 2gong said that it was "covered with thorns"[4], and Xie Zhaozhe said that it "took the day to act day by day, and compiled it into an compilation, and toto Ximen Qingye" [5].
Zhang Zhupo of the Qing Dynasty continued this, saying that the Jin Ping Mei (金瓶梅) wrote contemporary history and was "purely a historical script".[6]
Mr. Huang Lin, a scholar of the present, pointed out more clearly that it was "a mirror of the late Ming society".[7]
It is true that "Jin Ping Mei" borrows the story of Wu Song's murder of his sister-in-law in "Water Margin" as an introduction, comprehensively and truly reflecting the various forms of society in the late Ming Dynasty.
Although the story of Jiang Zhushan is only transitional in the novel, through its short and unfortunate marriage tragedy, it is not difficult to see the chaos and evils of the social transition period in the late Ming Dynasty.
First, treacherous businessmen bully and dominate the market, and hooligans run amok
Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty during the Zhengde and Jiajing years, the social economy has gradually entered a period of transformation, and the loosening of the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce" implemented since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty has effectively promoted the development of the commercial economy and the prosperity of the city, and the citizen class has continued to grow.
In the field of thought, "Wang Xue" is thriving, the trend of thought of "good goods and lust" is spreading all over the world, and the full affirmation of the possessiveness of material goods has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of merchants to do business, the commercial activities in cities and towns are very active, and the merchants with full wealth raise their eyebrows and breathe, and soon become the darling of the times that everyone has attracted attention and envied.
Although the late Ming society was still feudal and autocratic in terms of political system, as far as the economic form was concerned, it undoubtedly entered the era of commodity economy, and the budding of capitalism had emerged, and the traditional concept of farming was fading.
However, due to the lack of foresight and scientific control of the ruling class at that time, the development of the commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty did not enter the track of healthy norms, and the deformed phenomena such as collusion between officials and businessmen, fraudulent businessmen bullying and hegemony, hoarding and living in strange places were extremely serious, resulting in a high concentration of money, money, and goods in the hands of corrupt officials and profiteers, the gap between the rich and the poor in society was increasing day by day, and the lives of ordinary people were difficult.
Comic strip "Plum in a Golden Bottle"
In the marriage tragedy of Jiang Zhushan described in "Jin Ping Mei", it is shown that Jiang Zhushan took advantage of the gap to take away the woman Ximen Qing loved and was retaliated against by Ximen Qing, but in fact, because Jiang Zhushan and Ximen Qing launched a competition in the Qinghe Territory Medicinal Materials Market.
When Ximen Qing heard the news that Li Zhen'er had helped Jiang Zhushan "open a big raw medicine shop, which was piled with many raw and cooked medicinal materials, vermilion cabinets, paint plaques, hanging under guises, and very lively", he stomped his feet in anger and shouted: "Bitter! You marry someone else, I am not annoyed, how to marry that dwarf forgetful eight? What's his solution? ”
It shows that Ximen Qing does not care about Li Zhen'er's empathy and marriage, and he is angry that Jiang Zhushan, whom he despises, has actually opened a raw medicine shop to do business.
If this description of Ximen Qing's initial reaction is not enough to illustrate the problem, then it is worth recalling what he later said in front of Pan Jinlian and Li Zhen'er:
"If I marry someone else, then Jiang Tai Doctor, the thief is short and forgetful, then why doesn't Hua Da bite him down?" What did he have to do, to invite him in, to spend money with him, to teach him to open a shop in front of my eyes, and to make a big deal";
"You married someone else, I'm not annoyed, what's the solution to that dwarf forgetfulness?" You put him upside down in the door, take the money and open a shop with him, in front of my eyes, to support my business? ”
It is not difficult for us to see that "the big deal" and "the deal that supports me in front of me" are the most fundamental reasons why Ximen Qing is angry with Li Zhen'er and frames Jiang Zhushan, and in the balance of women and commercial profits, profits are the first, and women who get easy can only be second.
In the author's pen, Ximen Qing can be described as a combination of profiteers, corrupt officials, adulterers, and underworld bosses, and this image is the product of the combination of merchants and feudal forces from the development of China's feudal society to the rapid development of the commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty.
Although Ximen Qing had not yet become an official when he suppressed Jiang Zhushan, he was enough to control the government and drive the evil forces in society to serve him.
Jiang Zhushan opened a raw medicine shop, and objectively formed a situation with him to compete for profits in the market, which he could not tolerate, so two hooligans--Lu Hua, a snake in the grass, and Zhang Sheng, a street rat," were called to the front and ordered, and then they carefully designed and full of confidence to blackmail Jiang Zhushan, took the opportunity to beat him up, and beat his raw medicine shop to pieces.
The local baojia escorted the troublemakers to the Ti Criminal Yuan, where they had already colluded with Ximen Qing, so poor Jiang Zhushan was beaten up again, "thirty big boards, beaten to the skin and flesh, and covered in blood," "beaten to the legs of eight," and was ordered by the ti penal court to return the money immediately, otherwise he would "take him back to Yamen and take him to prison."
A case of borrowing money out of thin air broke out, innocent people were beaten and swept out of the house, and the rogues who ran amok were rewarded, while the masterminds behind the scenes proudly boasted:
"Let me tell you the truth, the former beat the two people of the Tai Doctor, and so on. Only a little trick, teach that there is no way to go! ”
Prologue to "The Words of the Plum in the Golden Bottle"
What Ximen Qing did is a typical bullying and hegemony of the market, which seriously undermines the principle of fair competition in commerce and is an illegal act that hinders the virtuous circle of the market economy.
However, this deformity of relying on the strong to bully the weak and harming the interests of the state and the people was widespread during the period of social transformation in the late Ming Dynasty, and the government often colluded with those treacherous businessmen and resigned themselves to their illegal acts.
Therefore, the idea of the little man Jiang Zhushan trying to open a raw medicine shop to do business on the territory of the traitor Ximen Qing is doomed to have no good results.
Second, the materialism of society is monstrous, and human feelings are as thin as water
With the transformation and rapid development of the commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty, people's concepts and ways of life have also changed, and people have begun to pursue indulgence and luxury feverishly.
Many Ming people have said about this, such as Zhou Xi's "Chui Guang Ji , On the Governance of The Sparse" Yun: "The home of Chinese and foreign ministers and ministers, beautiful and luxurious, are still with each other, and the borrowing fees are accustomed to it." ”[8]
Zhang Han's "Pine Window Dream Language and Customs" Yun: "Human feelings are fast with debauchery, and the world's wind is high with extravagance, although it exceeds the prohibition, it is not taboo." ”[9]
It can be seen that the late Ming society generally advocated debauchery and glitz, and the world even borrowed money to maintain a high-consumption life.
In addition to the material basis for the rapid development of the commodity economy, there are two important subjective factors that led to the prevalence of luxury in the late Ming Dynasty:
First, the indulgence of the supreme ruler of the late Ming Dynasty directly triggered the extravagance and debauchery of the world.
From the beginning of the Zhengde Dynasty to the fall of the Southern Ming Dynasty, almost all the Ming emperors were known for their indulgence, especially emperors such as Jiajing Shizong and Wanli Shenzong, who were "models" of indulgence.
Ming Shizong firmly believed in Taoist heresy, reused a large number of Jianghu Daoists, and became obsessed with the art of collecting remedies in the room. Emperor Myeongjin ignored the government for a long time and indulged in wine, and was directly accused by his subordinates of "wine-colored wealth" as its four diseases. There is no doubt that the debauchery of the supreme ruler directly led to the prosperity of the whole society.
Second, the overcorrection of Wang Xue's leftists played a role in fueling the late Ming Dynasty.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Cheng Zhu Lixue was promoted, vigorously advocating the concept of "preserving heavenly reason and destroying human desires", and brutally suppressing and distorting normal human desires.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Li Yan and a large number of "Wang Xue leftist" thinkers and literary scholars held high the banner of "using feelings to oppose reason", fully affirmed the desires of secular people, vigorously promoted individuality, and advocated writing materialistic desires and writing about sex in literature.
Although this anti-theory trend of thought is conducive to the emancipation of people's thinking and personality, it has played a positive role in social progress.
However, the publicity of human desire must be measured, otherwise society will go to the other extreme.
The "ideological trend of human liberation" set off by the ideological circles and literary and art circles of the late Ming Dynasty objectively committed the evil of overcorrection and played a role in "fueling the fire" to the prevalence of the debauchery in the late Ming Dynasty society.
Although there are many ambiguities in the academic circles about the reasons for the formation of the late Ming Dynasty yile world style, it is an indisputable fact that the late Ming society was extravagant and competitive, and people wanted to run wild, and they all used indulgence and thrill-seeking as the wind.
Under the shroud of this strong hedonistic thought, from top to bottom, from male to female, they often show spiritual emptiness, frivolous behavior, and monstrous desires, and the social moral conscience, sense of responsibility, human beauty, and emotional beauty are gone, and many historians call the late Ming Dynasty an "era of degeneration", mainly based on the serious lack of humanistic spirit in society at that time.
The Course of Sex · From Antiquity to Sui and Tang Dynasties
"Jin Ping Mei" was criticized by orthodox literati for depicting a large number of scenes of passion and indulgence and the fanatical pursuit of sexual life by men and women, which is actually a true reflection of the spiritual world of people in late Ming society.
From the stories of ordinary people Jiang Zhushan and Li Zhen'er, we can clearly feel the worldly taoist hearts of the late Ming Dynasty, whose materialism is rampant and whose love is as thin as water.
As a Langzhong Jiang Zhushan, he should have concentrated on treating the sick and should not have thoughts about the patients, but unexpectedly, he "because he saw that the woman had a posture", he "harbored a covetous heart" and constantly "picked" with words, so that Li Zhen'er gradually took the bait.
Obviously, Jiang Zhushan's pursuit of Li Zhen'er is not based on mutual affection, but on the greed for beauty and carnal desire. Naturally, he paid the price for his frivolous behavior.
Li Zhen'er is a typical figure with lust and widowhood.
She was originally a concubine of Liang Zhongshu, but because Lady Liang was jealous, she was driven to "live in the outer study", and naturally did not get sexual satisfaction.
After Liang Zhongshu's death, Li Zhen'er married Hua Zixuan, a nephew of the eunuch Hua Zixuan, as his wife, but Hua Zixuan was not interested in her, and the relationship between the two was weak, and they often lived in separate rooms.
Judging from the situation that the flower eunuch Ren Guangnan town punctually carried his nephew and daughter-in-law "for more than half a year" and sent a number of obscene instruments to Li Bottle'er, there should be a warm and ambiguous relationship between the flower eunuch and Li Bottler.
After the death of the flower eunuch, Li Zhen'er became acquainted with Ximen Qing, and she was greatly sexually satisfied in the secret affair.
Therefore, thinking of Ximen Qing, during Hanako's serious illness, she behaved coldly and ruthlessly, hoping that Hanako would die a day earlier, and after Hanako's death, she could not wait to ask to be Ximen Qing's concubine, give gifts and send money, and repeatedly urged Ximen Qing to marry her, without any female shyness.
Unexpectedly, Ximen Qing closed his door because of his sudden involvement in the major case of power rape and pro-party, refused to meet with anyone, and made Li Zhen'er live like a year, thinking about twilight, "tea and dinner were reduced, and his spirit was in a trance", and within a few days he "described yellow and thin, did not eat and drink, and was bedridden."
Many readers and scholars think that Li Zhen'er is haggard and sick for Ximen Qing, which shows a little bit of love, but in fact, if Li Zhen'er has real feelings for Ximen Qing, she will definitely not be impatient to marry Jiang Zhushan in less than a month, and she can wait patiently for a little longer to learn the news of Ximen Qing.
Compared with Ximen Qing, the "head of the class who beats his wife and the leader of the pit women", the lower-class scholar Jiang Zhushan is more secure for women, he is humble in his words, obedient to Li Zhen'er, and is a qualified husband who can live a life.
However, in a world of human desire, the satisfaction of desire is more important than the sense of family security.
The nineteenth time of the novel, it is written:
But he said that Li Zhen'er praised Jiang Zhushan, about two moons. At the beginning, Jiang Zhushan's women liked it, repaired some tricks, bought some Jingdong personnel, beautiful women's acacia sets, and so on, and really hoped to impress women. I don't want the woman to be in the hands of Ximen Qing, and the wind and rain pass by, often the officials do not agree, and gradually become evil monks. Instead, the woman smashed the things of the adulterous utensils with stones and hung them. He also said, 'You are a shrimp eel, and you are weak in your waist, and you buy this licensed goods for nothing to tease the old woman!' Treat you like a piece of meat, it turns out that you can't eat the head of the pyleas, and you forget it! Women were often driven to sleep in the front bunk three times in the middle of the night. So he thought only of Ximen Qing and forbade him to enter the room. ”
It turned out that Li Zhen'er hated Jiang Zhushan, not because Jiang Zhushan disregarded her family and was not considerate of her, nor because she hated Jiang Zhushan for making money and living a small life, but because Jiang Zhushan was an incompetent personality and could not satisfy her strong desires at all.
This kind of sexually disharmonious conjugal life, for the "desired woman" Li Zhen'er, "even if Ximen Qing does not intervene, it is difficult to maintain it for a long time" [10].
Li Zhen'er's pursuit of "sexual bliss" is not strange and completely understandable. But her bad attitude towards her husband, Jiang Zhushan, who has made no major mistakes, is chilling.
After Jiang Zhushan was framed and beaten by Ximen Qing, he repeatedly cried and even "knelt on the ground" to ask Li Zhen'er for help, but Li Zhu'er behaved very coldly, not only did not shelter and fully support her husband in distress (she was extremely reluctant to take out thirty-two pieces of silver to send the extortionist, but also to get rid of Jiang Zhushan), but instead "scolded on the face", "where to allow him to live", "immediately urged him to move, the two of them began to make love."
Before leaving the house, the woman also made Mother Feng scoop up a basin of water, hurriedly spilled it, and said: "Happy to be wronged away from the eyes." The harsh language and vulgar behavior fully demonstrated Li Zhen'er's lack of moral conscience.
The image of Li Zhen'er is quite representative, she is not a great evil person, but only one of the countless soul masters of desire.
Zhang Zhupo once pointed out to the point that Li Zhen'er "has a clean conscience and no shame" [11].
However, is it not only Li Zhen'er who has a clean conscience? In the late Ming world where desires are rolling and pleasure is supreme, moral tenderness is as light as white water, sympathy and tolerance are like snow lotuses, and weak men such as Jiang Zhushan can get a happy marriage from the "lustful women"?
Third, the state judiciary is corrupt, and fairness and justice do not exist
In the process of creating the tragedy of Jiang Zhushan's marriage, an object acted as a special "accomplice", that is, money.
The money created by human beings, spiritless, asexual, ignorant and desireless, but with great energy and boundless magic, is particularly important in a deformed society.
In this regard, the Western Jin Dynasty scholar Lu Zhen had already made a high argument in the "Theory of Qian God":
"As the saying goes: 'Money has no ears, but it can be secretly made.'" It is also said: 'There is money to make ghosts.' 'Whoever is here, there is only money.' ...... Zi Xiayun: 'Death and life have a destiny, and wealth is in heaven.' 'I have no life in death, and I am rich in money.' Why? Money can turn misfortune into happiness, and because of failure, the dangerous are safe, and the dead are born. ”[12]
Lu Zhenyi went against the traditional Confucian concept, believing that it is money, not fate, that determines a person's wealth, misfortune, success or failure, and even life and death, money is enough to change fate, and money makes ghosts grind.
"The Theory of Money God"
A "Golden Plum Bottle" shows the great magic of the omnipotence of money in the era of the late Ming commodity economy, "The emerging businessman is getting everything he needs with tempting money." ”[13]。
The protagonist, Ximen Qing, is a down-and-out money worshipper who deeply understands the wonders of money:
With money, you can repair houses and gardens;
With money, you can enjoy the taste of the silk satin mountain and the sea;
With money, you can make women envious and take the initiative to give hugs;
With money, you can turn the crisis into safety;
With money, you can control the official government and command it, and you can even wear the official hat to show off your might.
In short, as long as you have money, you can do everything you want.
The fifty-seventh time in the novel, Ximen Qingkou said wildly:
"If we hear of the Buddha's Western Heavens, we will not stop asking for gold to pave the floor; the Ten Halls of Yin Si, and we also need some begging for it, and as long as we eliminate this selfishness and do a wide range of good deeds, we will rape my sister-in-law, rape the Weaver Girl, abduct Xu Feiqiong, and steal the daughter of the Queen Mother of the West, and we will not reduce my wealth."
It is false that this bold and shrewd rich businessman has done good deeds extensively, and it is true that he uses money to open up the way and desperately seek personal gains.
Illustration of "Golden Plum Bottle"
In the marriage tragedy of Jiang Zhushan, the author vividly shows the whole process of how Ximen Qing hired thugs, how he colluded with the government to play with the law, and how he framed and manipulated the weak to make them die.
On that day, Ximen Qing took a generous gift to "make a birthday with Xia Ti", and on the way home from eating and drinking, he met Lu Hua and Zhang Sheng, "chicken thieves and dog thieves", so he stopped them from "whispering in his ears" and took out "four or five pieces of silver" as a reward for them to manipulate Jiang Zhushan.
Ximen Qing went home and said smugly to his concubine Pan Jinlian, "You dao Jiang Tai Doctor opened a raw medicine shop, and tomorrow, Guan Qing will teach him to spread fruit on his face!" ”
Sure enough, Lu Hua and Zhang Sheng forged IOUs and tried everything to coerce Jiang Zhushan to repay his debts, but Jiang Zhushan did not recognize them, so they beat up their hands, "hitting their noses to the side," "falling on their backs," and "sprinkling medicinal materials on the shelf." The aggrieved Jiang Zhushan clamored to see the officials, expecting the government to deal with them impartially.
Unexpectedly, "someone already reported this matter to Ximen Qing, that is, sent people to pay the place, and tomorrow morning the punishment court will be released." Here I took the post again and said it to Lord Xia. ”
As a result, Xia Ti said angrily, "There are existing guarantors, borrow tickets, and repay such denials!" Look at this biting and chewing words, like a laiddy. ”
He couldn't help but order his men to beat the frail Jiang Zhushan to the ground, and the blood was dripping with blood, just as Ximen Qing said, "opening a fruit shop", and poor Jiang Zhushan was afraid that until his death, he could not understand the mystery of why Old Master Xia of the Punishment Court did not check the authenticity of the "borrowed ticket" and immediately decide the case.
The "Shandong Punishment Institute" mentioned in the "Golden Plum Bottle", that is, the "Shandong Punishment Institute".
In the Feudal Era, the Ti Penal Yuan was the institution in charge of the prison, and its chief official was the "Ti Dian Prison" (referred to as "Ti Punishment") in the Song Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty was "Ti Punishment According to The Inspector", which was a judicial supervision organ at the provincial level, responsible for supervising the judicial trial activities of the prefectures and counties under the jurisdiction of a province.
Mr. Hu Shikai believes that the Shandong Ti Criminal Court in "Jin Ping Mei" has "a trial level below the government and is equivalent to the county".[14]
The names of the institutions written in the novel are arbitrary and do not need to be verified more truthfully, but it is not a problem for the "Court of Punishment" to represent the first-level judicial organs.
The law is the supreme organ of the state, majestic and sacred, and the judicial organ is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of a country.
However, the author's "Shandong Criminal Court" never enforces the law impartially and handles cases conscientiously.
Ximen Qing repeatedly dotted and manipulated the Punishment Court, and the chief officer Xia Ti was greedy for his goods, willing to collude with Ximen Qing and handle everything according to his will.
In the trumped-up case of Jiang Zhushan's debt, no one stood up to accuse Ximen Qing of saying a fair word, let alone a judicial official who came out to dissuade Xia Ti from executing in order to safeguard the dignity and justice of the law.
The authenticity of the "borrowed ticket" here does not matter at all here, what is important is the money and property of the Ximen officials. The vast number of readers are sad to see the wonderful performances of the first-level judicial organ, the Shandong Ti Criminal Court, which disregarded the state law, how to punish the weak and the good, and how to shield the strong and the evil.
The chaos of judicial corruption and social justice and justice in the late Ming Dynasty can be seen from this, and it is not difficult to feel the deep crimes committed by the corrupt winds of the late Ming Dynasty against the broad masses of the lower classes.
What is even more shocking is that the world shown in "Jin Ping Mei" is from the central provincial court to the state capital and county, all of which are corrupt and pervert the law and favoritism.
When Li Bangyan, the right minister of the DPRK, "saw that five hundred taels of gold and silver only bought one name," he wrote off Ximen Qing from the list of traitors with a big stroke of a pen.
When the imperial master Cai Jing saw that Ximen Qing had repeatedly sent generous birthday gifts, he gave Ximen Qing the position of deputy qianhu of the Shandong Punishment Institute, making him transform into a person in the official field.
Later, Ximen Qing, who was a law enforcer, secretly released the murderer because the murderer Miao Qing sent a bribe of 1,000 taels. Incidents of corruption and perversion abound in the novel, and state laws and authorities are completely reduced to slaves to money.
When corruption prevails in the whole society and the laws of the state are completely reduced to the slaves of money, how can we escape the fate of defeat?
The 30th episode of the Golden Plum Bottle writes a summative passage:
"The world is out of power, the traitors are in charge, and the yu yu ying dynasty." Gao, Yang, Tong, and Cai were four traitorous parties, who sold officials and knights in the DPRK, bribed public officials, promoted officials on a scale, and pointed out the price of the party. Those who drill thorns in the edge of the edge, suddenly rise to the level of beauty; those who are virtuous and honest, do not get rid of the years. As a result, customs have fallen into decay, and corrupt officials have spread all over the world. The service is troubled, the people are poor and thieves, and the world is in turmoil. ”
In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the world was in turmoil and the dynasty was crumbling and eventually collapsed, was it not the bane sown by the corruption and pleasure of the upper and lower levels of the government and the law of selfishness? It shows that the author of the novel has a feeling, and the decadent folk customs of the late Ming society make them anxious.
"Words of The Plum in the Golden Bottle"
Decades after the birth of "Jin Ping Mei", corruption and luxury drained the Ming Dynasty's treasury, and even the minimum defense expenditure could not be taken out, and finally it was helpless to perish, and the author's sad premonition of national subjugation was horribly confirmed.
For "Jin Ping Mei", today's readers must not read it as a erotic novel, but should regard it as a vivid history of social corruption in the late Ming Dynasty, and the tragedy of the little character Jiang Zhushan is not only a personal tragedy, but also a typical social tragedy.
For today's social transformation and the rapid development of the commodity economy, the historical enlightenment significance of "Jin Ping Mei" is heavy and precious:
If we blindly emphasize economic development and blindly pursue monetary profits, but ignore the inheritance of morality and justice, ignore the cultivation of humanistic spirit, and ignore the construction of the national legal system, then the excellent situation of national rejuvenation, economic prosperity, and people's well-being is doomed to not last long.
Notes:
[1] Anonymous, "New Engraved Embroidery Portrait Criticism of Jin Ping Mei", Zhu Yixuan, "Compilation of Jin Ping Mei Materials", Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 230.
[2] Liu Xiaolin, "A Multi-Sided Prism of Ming Dynasty Society", Journal of Hunan University of Commerce, No. 3, 2007.
[3] Shen Defu, Wan Liye, vol. 25, Zhu Yixuan, Compilation of Jin Ping Mei Materials, Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 89.
[4] Twenty Gong, "Golden Bottle Plum Trek", Zhu Yixuan, "Compilation of Golden Plum Bottle Data", Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 177.
[5] Xie Zhaozhe, "Jin Ping Mei Bao", Zhu Yixuan, "Compilation of Jin Ping Mei Materials", Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 179.
[6] Zhang Zhupo, "The Reading Method of The Golden Plum Bottle", Zhu Yixuan, "Compilation of The Golden Plum Plum Materials", Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 437.
[7] Huang Lin, "Speaking of Golden Plum Bottles", Zhonghua Bookstore, 2005, p. 141.
[8] Zhou Xi, "The Collected Works of The Hanging Light", "The Complete Book of The Four Libraries", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987 edition, vol. 429, p. 272.
[9] Zhang Han, Song window dream language, vol. VII, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1985, p. 139.
[10] Zai Xiang and Su Shi, "The Pursuit and Disillusionment of Li Zhen'er", Journal of Xuzhou Normal University, No. 4, 1991.
[11] Zhang Zhupo, "Review of Jin Ping Mei", Zhu Yixuan, "Compilation of Jin Ping Mei Data", Nankai University Press, 2002, p. 476.
[12] Lu Zhen,"Treatise on the Theory of Qian Deity", Yan Kejun, "The Six Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms of the Qin and Han Dynasties of the Three Dynasties of the Three Dynasties of the Ancient Dynasty", vol. 2, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1985, p. 2107.
[13] Yuan Xingpei, editor-in-chief and Huang Lin, History of Chinese Literature, Vol. IV, Higher Education Press, 1999, p. 172.
[14] Hu Shikai, "Discussion on the Legal System in the Golden Plum Bottle",Journal of Social Sciences of Jilin University,No.6,1991.
Article Author Affilications: Literature of China Three Gorges University
This article was published with the author's permission, and the original article was published in the Journal of Neijiang Normal University, 2017, No. 3. Please indicate the source of the forwarding.