In June 1924, on Huangpu Island in Guangzhou, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union, created an army officer school, the Whampoa Military Academy, in order to build an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal army.
The Whampoa Military Academy was founded in the turbulent era of the Great Revolution. This school has a very special position in China's revolutionary history: Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai, and others are inextricably linked to the Whampoa Military Academy; many senior generals of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were also trained by the Whampoa Military Academy; and a large number of generals who influenced China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation even came out of Huangpu.
The Whampoa soldiers we see are mighty, wise, and not afraid of sacrifice, but they all have a very significant characteristic, that is, they are all male compatriots. However, what most readers and friends may not know is that in 1926, the Whampoa Military Academy recruited a class of female soldiers, a total of 213 people. Like their male compatriots in school, they were assigned to fight in various places, and they were not afraid of difficulties and sacrifices, and they were truly heroes.
In this article, the author will briefly introduce three heroes who came out of the Whampoa Military Academy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Zhao Yiman: White Mountain Black Water Red Flowers</h1>
Among the only female soldiers, the most famous later was the anti-Japanese hero Zhao Yiman.
Zhao Yiman, formerly known as Li Taikun, formerly known as Li Shuning and Li Yichao, was born in 1905 to a wealthy family in Yibin, Sichuan. There are 5 sisters and 3 brothers in the family, and she is the seventh oldest. Because her family was relatively wealthy, she entered a private school at a very young age and carried out enlightenment education.
When Zhao Yiman was 13 years old, his father died of illness. After her father's death, family affairs began to be taken care of by the eldest brother, and in the era when the three from the four virtues and the eldest brother was like her father, her fate also began to be dominated by the eldest brother.
Zhao Yiman has been a fierce girl since she was a child. When she was 10 years old, her mother wrapped her feet according to the custom, but she did not want to say anything. If she didn't want to wrap her feet, she even took the scissors and cut the long shroud to pieces.
The foot was not entangled, and Zhao Yiman won the first confrontation with his family. Although he has a pair of heavenly feet, Zhao Yiman is beautiful, so when he just turned 15 years old, someone came to the door to ask for a kiss.
In the eyes of Zhao Yiman's brother, his sister is good at everything, but she is a little restless, so when the matchmaker came to propose to him, he didn't think about it and agreed to it. But Zhao Yiman did not agree, and even picked up a plant with barbs, nettle, to drive those who came to ask for relatives.
This farce finally annoyed Zhao Yiman's brother, who made it clear that he had to let Zhao Yiman marry out. Zhao Yiman couldn't hide at first sight, so he simply left the house and ran to Chongqing alone.
After Zhao Yiman arrived in Chongqing, he entered the female teacher study. She was active in the school and joined the Communist Youth League in 1924 through the introduction of her eldest brother-in-law, Zheng Youzhi, a communist party member known as the "King of Southern Sichuan" and a member of the first provincial party committee in Sichuan. In the summer of 1926, she joined the Communist Party of China, and in November of the same year, she and her classmates You Xi and others saw the notice of recruiting female soldiers at the Whampoa Military Academy and met to take the exam.
At the Whampoa Military Academy, Zhao Yiman began his nearly one-year study career under the name of "Li Shuning". After the failure of the Revolution in 1927 and the dissolution of the Whampoa Military Academy girls' team, Zhao Yiman was sent to moscow to study at Sun Yat-sen University. Here, under the pseudonym Li Yichao, she met her classmate Chen Dabang and married him.
This year in Moscow was the most idyllic and happy day in Zhao Yiman's life. In the winter of 1928, because of pregnancy, Zhao Yiman, who returned to his motherland, began to carry out underground work in Shanghai, Jiangxi and other places. After the outbreak of the "918 Incident", she was sent to the northeast by the party organization, and for the needs of the anti-Japanese work, she also assumed the pseudonym Zhao Yiman.
After Zhao Yiman arrived in the northeast, she led the workers' movement in Shenyang and Harbin successively. In the spring of 1934, she began to serve as a member of the Cpc Zhuhe Central County Committee and the secretary of the Tiebei District Party Committee, and began to organize guerrilla groups, leading the troops to carry out anti-Japanese activities in the area east of Harbin.
In November 1935, Zhao Yiman was unfortunately captured during a battle against the enemy. When he was captured, Zhao Yiman was seriously injured, and after being captured, he was forced to confess by smoke, resulting in his life being in danger. In order to get important information, the enemy sent him to the hospital for treatment. It was also during her hospitalization that Zhao Yiman enlisted the help of Dong Xianxun, a police officer guarding her, and Han Yongyi, a female nurse, who also decided to take Zhao Yiman to escape.
On June 28, 1936, Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi carried Zhao Yiman out of the hospital and took her to the car he had hired in advance, and sent her to the home of Dong Xianxun's uncle in a village in Acheng County. Two days later, Zhao Yiman was caught up and arrested by the Japanese army on his way to the anti-Japanese guerrilla zone in Harbin, and brutally killed him in August 1936. Zhao Yiman was only 31 years old when he was killed.
In the eyes of the Japanese army, Zhao Yiman was a "superman" who was tortured to extract a confession, but did not say anything. But Zhao Yiman is also an ordinary person, and before she sacrificed, she was most worried about her son and wrote him a letter. When she was sent to the northeast by the organization, her husband had not yet returned to China, and her name was Still Li Yichao, and she fostered her young son in the family of her husband's fifth brother. When Li Yichao left, there was no more news. In 1942, her husband, Chen Dabang, returned to China and lived with his son.
After the founding of New China, Chen Dabang and his son knew that Li Yichao might have become a martyr, but they did not know when she died and where she died. They also wrote to Zhou Enlai asking about Li Yichao's whereabouts, but Zhou Enlai was also unclear. At the same time, Zhao Yiman's deeds were made into a movie, and they became popular all over the country.
In 1955, after the confirmation of Zhao Yiman's comrades-in-arms and the Zhao Yiman Memorial Hall, it was determined that Zhao Yiman was Li Yichao. Zhao Yiman's son realized that his mother was a great anti-Japanese hero. He also finally saw the letter his mother had written to him on her deathbed:
Ning Er:
Because my mother resolutely fought against Manchuria and Japan, today she has reached the eve of sacrifice. Mother and you will never have a chance to say goodbye before you die. Hope you, Ning'er! Hurry up adults and come and comfort your underground mother! O my dearest child... When you grow up, hopefully don't forget that your mother died for the country.
This Whampoa female soldier and anti-Japanese heroine, as she wrote in her posthumous poem: "The first generation is loyal to the new homeland, full of enthusiasm and enthusiasm for China." The white mountain and black water removed the enemy, and smiled at the flag red like a flower. "Please let us remember her forever, and remember this heroine who galloped between the white mountains and black waters."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > Youxi: Hero of the Towel</h1>
You Xi, a classmate who joined Zhao Yiman and joined the Whampoa Military Academy, was also a hero.
You Xi, formerly known as You Chuanyu, was born in 1908 to a handicraft family in Ba County, Sichuan. At the age of 15, she was admitted to the Chongqing Second Women's Division and joined the Communist Youth League. At the age of 17, she was admitted to Chongqing Sino-French University to study, and after entering the school, she became a member of the Communist Party of China, and served as a member of the party branch and the secretary of the branch of the Sino-French University of the Communist Youth League.
At that time, although You Xi was not very old, she was very capable, she was responsible for the preparation of the Chongqing Women's Federation and served as the director of the Propaganda Department of the Chongqing Women's Federation, and she also held night classes and set up trade unions for female workers in the silk factory. It was not until 1926, when the Wuhan branch of the Whampoa Military Academy was established, that she left the Sino-French University and resolutely abandoned her pen and surrendered.
When she first entered the school, because You Xi was already a member of the Communist Party, coupled with her positive performance, she became the class leader of a class as soon as she entered the school. As for You Xi, she actually has a story of being captured alive by the gods and goddesses.
During the Western Expedition, when the female soldiers were stationed in Xianning City, a peasant came to report that He Yanwang, a local tycoon from Hejiawan Village, more than 20 miles away from the county seat, had secretly run home to inquire about the news. This He Yanwang did many evil deeds, and the people called him "the living king of Yama".
After the women's soldiers learned of this situation, they immediately sent Zhao Yiman, Hu Lanqi and others to arrest him, but in the end they all pounced. Zhao Yiman, who had not caught anyone, returned to the army in frustration after distributing the bacon hanging in He Yanwang's home to the people. However, what they did not expect was that He Yanwang had already been captured by the troops at this time, and the person who captured him was You Xi.
So, how did You Xi catch He Yanwang?
It turned out that after this living Yama king sneaked home, he didn't find any news, so he decided to go to the city to inquire. That is, the morning that Zhao Yiman went to arrest him, he hurried to the city. But as soon as he entered the city, he was seen and recognized by a daughter-in-law carrying water.
After the girls' team came to Xianning City, this little daughter-in-law participated in the work very actively, and she also knew that the girls' team wanted to catch the "living Yama King", so she quietly contacted several little sisters to follow He Yanwang, and she went to the team to report. Later, the team sent You Xi's detachment to arrest him, and immediately caught him. You Xi, who is not very old, has also made a great contribution to this matter.
Later, after the dissolution of the Wuhan Branch School, You Xi began to follow the teaching group led by Ye Jianying and others to the south, and participated in the Guangzhou Uprising launched by the Communist Party of China, serving as the female soldier squad leader of the Fourth Army Officers' Teaching Corps.
At 3:00 a.m. on December 11, 1927, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to launch the Guangzhou Uprising. On the same day, the rebels occupied most of the city. The enemy counterattacked the next day. You Xi was ordered to lead a squad of female soldiers to block the enemy on the long causeway on the north bank of the Pearl River in Guangzhou. By the afternoon of the battle, the situation continued to deteriorate, and the commander-in-chief of the uprising, Zhang Tailei, was killed.
That night, as the situation changed, the command issued an order to retreat from Guangzhou. However, You Xi and other female soldiers had lost contact with the headquarters at this time, so they did not know the order to retreat. They held out on the Tianzi Pier and fought to the death against an enemy several times their size.
In the early morning of the 13th, except for 1 person in the female soldier squad who was ordered to return to the headquarters to report, all the others died heroically. When these girls died, they were all the same age as flowers, and You Xi was only 19 years old at the time.
Let us remember and remember them, the young girls who defended their faith with their lives.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > Hu Lanqi: Legendary beauty</h1>
In the Whampoa girls' team, there is such a beautiful woman, her life is very legendary.
She was very beautiful, on the cover of the "Good Friend" pictorial, the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen wanted to marry her as a wife; she was single-mindedly revolutionary, joined the Whampoa Military Academy girls' team, joined the Chinese Communist Party in Germany; she sat in the prison of Nazi Germany because she was engaged in revolution; she was a writer, her "In German Women's Prison" was translated into English, Russian, German, Spanish and other languages; she organized a field service group, was awarded the title of female major general of the National Government, and used this status to do a lot for the Communist Party...
This person is Hu Lanqi.
Hu Lanqi was born in 1901 in Chengdu, Sichuan. She received a good education from an early age and graduated from Chengdu Yuxiu Girls' Normal School in 1920. After graduation, her father promised her to her cousin, a businessman, who after the two married, their interests were far apart, and in 1923, they divorced in the presence of relatives and friends.
The Sichuan warlord Yang Sen wanted to marry her as a little wife, so he asked his fourth wife to propose to him, because his fourth wife and Hu Lanqi were classmates. But Hu Lanqi rejected her in one mouth. After the writer Mao Dun heard about this, he wrote his first novel, "Rainbow". The heroine of the book, Mei Xingsu, is based on Hu Lanqi.
Soon after, Hu Lanqi entered the South Normal School. Here, under the influence of Provost Yun Daiying, she joined the Marxist Research Society and initiated the organization of the Sichuan Women's Federation. It was also during this period that Chen Yi, who had returned from France, served as the chief writer of the "New Shu Bao", and his articles were talented and influential among the students, and Hu Lanqi ran to the newspaper library to find Chen Yi, and they became confidants.
In 1925, Hu Lanqi went to Guangzhou, the center of the revolution. In Guangzhou, Hu Lanqi met He Xiangning, the guide of her life. Soon after, the Wuhan branch of the Whampoa Military Academy recruited female students, and Hu Lanqi went to take the exam and successfully passed the exam and entered the Whampoa Military Academy.
In 1930, with the help of He Xiangning, Hu Lanqi went to Germany to investigate. While in Germany, she joined the Communist Party of China through Cheng's introduction. Soon after, Song Qingling went to Germany, and she met Song Qingling through He Xiangning. The following year, Song Qingling's mother died, and she accompanied Song Qingling back to China for mourning, and then returned to Germany to study with the help of Song Qingling.
In Germany, Hu Lanqi, who was deeply influenced by the revolution, began to give speeches on stage, distribute leaflets, and actively engage in anti-fascist activities. But because of this, Hulanqi attracted the attention of the Nazi government. In 1933, Hu Lanqi was arrested. Song Qingling and Lu Xun and others launched a rescue. Three months later, she was released on bail. Soon after, however, she was again expelled from the German government and had no choice but to flee to France.
In July 1936, Hu Lanqi returned to China and came to Shanghai. After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, she recruited 10 people from the female workers' remedial school run by the Shanghai YWCA to form the "Shanghai Working Women Field Service Group" and began the education work of war field rescue and war zone propaganda.
After the fall of Shanghai, Hu Lanqi's service group also withdrew from Shanghai and began to serve in the field throughout the country, and developed into the largest field service group in China.
At the beginning of 1938, Hu Lanqi led a field service group to Nanchang. At this time, Xiang Ying, Chen Yi and others formed the New Fourth Army in Nanchang. After parting ways with Chen Yi in 1927, the two had not seen each other for a full decade. At this unexpected meeting, the two talked all night long, poured out their thoughts, and made an alliance with the white head.
Subsequently, Chen Yi told his parents about the two getting married. However, considering the special status of Hu Lanqi, not only did the parents not agree, but the organization also rejected their marriage. Later, after Chen Yi arrived in southern Anhui, he wrote to Hu Lanqi:
Our sacrifice of personal happiness for the revolution is the greatest sacrifice. For the sake of the revolution, we eat this bitter wine. If we cannot unite for three years, we will each be free and not interfere with each other.
And this parting has also become a farewell.
After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, when Chen Yi became mayor, Hu Lanqi went to Shanghai once, but it was Vice Mayor Pan Hannian who received her, and Chen Yi at this time already had a large number of children.
Throughout Hu Lanqi's life, it is actually very bumpy, as she said in her memoirs in her later years: "In this life, I only know how to catch the tide of the times, run and run on the tip of the waves." Sometimes I was hit by the reef and my head was bleeding, and I could only lick the bleeding wound alone. ”