In the innings, we all know the importance of fighting for the "first hand" and avoiding the "back hand". Because the struggle for the "first hand" is to gain the initiative of the situation, and if it falls behind, it will fall into passivity and will be at the mercy of the other party. However, the value standard of measuring the "successive hand" mainly depends on whether the sub-force is in line with the "overall principle".
If the primary and secondary relationship between the whole and the part is reversed, and the local cheapness is mistakenly regarded as the "first hand", the result will often lead to the failure of the overall situation, as if the real is the first; on the contrary, in order to take care of the overall situation, the temporary concessions to the part seem to be backward, but they are often exchanged for the interests of the whole situation, as if the latter is the first. But how do you clarify the relationship between the global and the local? How do you embody the principles of the whole? It is inevitable to settle down to a certain "shape" in order to have a pattern to refer to, a law to be found, and gains and losses to speak of. Leaving aside the concrete "form" as a basis, the material basis in tactics is lost, and the so-called "successive hands" and the so-called "integral principle" can only be empty abstract concepts that have no practical effect. In this way, through the accumulation of the understanding of "form" and the flexible use of "form", it is therefore easy to grasp the center of tactics and profoundly appreciate the significance of the high-level tactics of "winning something and not avoiding defeat", so as to understand how to "form" and "expand shape" in the face of the situation, and to grasp the "overall principle" in combination with the specific "shape", and then to discern the priority and strive for the initiative.
It is not difficult to understand that the theory of "shape" as the central concept of tactics put forward by us shows that the scope of application of tactical issues in chess battles is not limited to the endgame. Realistically, the work of the layout is precisely to form a "shape" suitable for attack and defense, while the work of the central bureau is to unfold the situation and put into battle according to the "shape" composed of the layout. All need to be based on the "overall principle", starting from the overall point of view, through the "formation", "exhibition" to strive for the first hand, grasp the initiative, win the other side, and the endgame is no different. When we discuss the central situation, we will discuss this in more detail. However, it must be pointed out that because the endgame stage has characteristics that are different from the layout and the middle game, it is even more necessary to strengthen the adjustment of the "shape" problem.
The reason is that in the layout and the central bureau, the arms are complete and the sub-forces are dense, so the composition and deployment of the "shape" is relatively rapid, and the image is easy to highlight. The concept of holistic collaboration is naturally more likely to be valued than the way in which individual forces are acted upon. For example, the "Flying Elephant Bureau" is only the first move at the beginning -- the elephant is connected to the middle palace, the left and right are connected, the distribution is even, and the formation of defending first and then attacking people has jumped as it is at present; another example is that the "Head Artillery Bureau" has rushed into the middle of the army after three or two rounds, concentrated firepower, clamped the horse's head, and broken through the formation of the center line has basically been established. In the middle of the game, the advance and retreat of the sub-force and the vertical and horizontal transformation of the formation are even more intense step by step into the "shape". Looking at the relevant layout and the names and terms used in the central bureau, such as "pawn gun bureau", "screen horse bureau", "single horse bureau", etc.; more specific such as "flat cannon for the car", "left gun sealing car", "five seven cannons", "five nine cannons", "tangled horned horses", etc., all indicate the structural characteristics of the formation used or the formation, which has the meaning of "shape", and can also prove that "shape" has a spontaneous tendency to be valued in the cloth and the middle bureau.
Entering the endgame is not the case, the sub-force is from full to residual, the weighing field is narrow and wide, the ranks are dense and sparse, the distance is from near to far, and the scenes of short-term soldiers are reduced in turn; the weak gap between the advantages and disadvantages, mostly relying on the reciprocating movement of the sub-force, exerts the individual performance to a great extent and gradually expands. Affected by the greater fluidity of the sub-force, the unfolding and composition of the "formation" has to slow down the progress, nor is it easy to highlight the image in the middle of the layout and the middle game, and it is scattered and lonely, and the formation of the "shape" is everywhere. All this makes the sensitivity of the temporary situation to retain its own sub-force and the elimination of the enemy's sub-force more intense than that of the middle innings, and the tendency to consciously or unconsciously attach importance to "form" decreases, that is, the mastery of the "overall principle" is relaxed.
Similarly, from some of the oral terms accustomed to describing the situation between the two sides in the endgame, most of them are compared with the number of names of the enumeration sub-forces. For example, when asked "What is the situation on the ground"? The answer is always "car, artillery, soldier to car, horse, soldier, almost"; or "two-car soldier to car, artillery, full sergeant phase, possibly and", and so on. It is very different from the layout, the bureau in the middle of the game has a definite name, the name has a fixed shape, and the "shape" indicates the focus of the global structure. This spontaneous tendency to attach importance to individual sub-forces also proves that due to the flow polymorphism of the neutron forces in the endgame, the "shape" is not as easy to form and easy to grasp as in the layout and the middle game.
From this, such a guiding ideology arose in the actual battle: "Since the sub-force in the endgame is reduced, it is impossible to fight a quick battle and make a quick decision, and eating the son and protecting the child has become a top priority." Although this affects the coordination and progress of the overall situation, due to the slow process of the endgame, it can be used to turn from passive to active with the power of multiple children. "Admittedly, it's also a tactic, and sometimes it can be effective. But this is incomplete, incorrect, and sometimes dangerous.
As shown in the figure, black first. The correct move should be 6 flat 5. If Shinobu can't help the car 2 flat 1 to eat the horse, then the car two into six, the 6 into 1, the horse four into two, then face the threat of horse two into one. So far, there are two ways to move: (1) car 1 back 2, horse two into one, cannon 2 flat 7, horse one into two, 6 into 1, car two back one, elephant 5 back 3, horse two back three, will 6 flat 5, car two back one, taxi 5 into 6, horse three into four, will 5 back 1, car two into one, will 5 into 1, horse four into three, red victory. (2) Soldier 5 into 4, horse two into one (car two flat five cannon 2 retreat 8 changes), will be 6 flat 5, soldier seven into one, red occupy the initiative.
The complete and correct guiding ideology can only be to allow the individual sub-force to advance and retreat, subordinate to the organized action of the overall sub-force, that is, it must be based on the composition and development conducive to the "shape".
This principle runs through all the battles from beginning to end in each game of chess, and it is not shaken by entering the endgame, but should be paid more attention to. The only difference between the layout and the middle game is how the principle of individual obedience to the whole is how to achieve "group shape" and "exhibition shape" in combination with the characteristics of the endgame.