In ancient times, when people chose bamboo and wood as writing materials, they never thought that the carriers of these recorded texts would travel through thousands of years, be discovered by the world and become important research objects.
"The word 'stealing' recorded in the Jian Mu is not the meaning of stealing, but should be passed through 'healing', the meaning of healing..."
"Official Cow One, Black, Fox, Tooth Eight, Nose." On a wooden jane in the "Hanging Spring HanJian", the characteristics of the coat color and tooth age of an official cow are recorded in detail, which is the first-hand material for us to understand the management of the hanging spring more than 2,000 years ago. ”
——Listen, this is 6 students of the College of Literature of Lanzhou University Paleography (Qiangji Project) reading Jian Zhi Jian with the teacher, and the teacher who led the students to read the Jian Jian was Xiao Congli, director of the Finishing Research Department of the Gansu Jian Mu Museum.
Passing on the "sound" begins with reading it
From September 2021, the Gansu Jianmu Museum and the College of Literature of Lanzhou University have carried out exchanges and cooperation, and set up a "Reading Jane Class" every week to let the collection of Jian Mu "walk" into the campus.
"This form not only connects teachers and students who study paleography with social practice, but also enriches everyone's understanding of ancient characters through interactive exchanges." Professor Chen Xiaoqiang, head of the Paleography (Qiangji Project) class of the College of Literature of Lanzhou University, introduced it.
"Jian Mu is a pristine document that shows the truest face of the ancient history of the mainland. These written messages, buried deep underground for thousands of years, are now seen again, and do not underestimate the words on them. Xiao Congli said, "Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes have stood quietly for a thousand years, guarding the Mogao Grottoes for generations and inheriting Dunhuang culture." In the northwest region, there are many more worth carrying forward, and Jian Mu is one of them. ”
In the past ten years, many experts and scholars who have studied Jian Mu have spared no effort to promote the research work of Gansu Jian Mu. With the publication of "Shoulder Water Jinguan Hanjian", "Tianshui Fangmatan Qinjian Collection", "Juyan Xinjian Collection", "Hanging Spring Hanjian ( Volume 1 and II)" and other contents, the precious ancient characters on the cultural relics of Gansu Jianmu have been reproduced to the world.
Hou Sujun rebuked the Kou En Chronicle
"At present, our understanding of Jian Mu is far from enough, and we need more talents to join the team of studying Jian Mu, thickly plant the cultural soil of Jian Mu, and convey a richer voice of Jian Mu." Xiao Congli said.
So, what kind of voice can Gansu Jian Mu convey?
Start with a short reading.
Reading Jane, it sounds very simple, read it according to the text on Jane, you can. Xiao Congli didn't think so.
How to read the text on this piece of jane? What does it mean? What is the solution? Together, it is learning. After decades of being with Jian Mu and the words on Jian Mu, Xiao Congli's heart has always surged with awe of Jian Mu.
Jian Muxue is an explicit learning, but also a "cold and unpopular learning". Only by studying carefully can we gain something. For how to do a good job in the study of Jian Mu, Xiao Congli has his own insistence.
In Xiao Congli's view, first of all, we must do serious research, and secondly, we must be able to withstand loneliness. In terms of text restoration and connotation interpretation, we strive to be close to history and restore historical truth. And learning to interpret every word on Jian Mu is to study the "basic skills" that Jian Mu wants to practice.
"Some of the texts on the wooden jane are not easy to interpret. The text of Jian Mu needs to be carefully examined and repeatedly deliberated through multiple links such as interpretation, reading, conjugation, etc., to determine its meaning, and sometimes a word needs to be deliberated for a long time. Xiao Congli still clearly remembers that in order to solve an ancient character on a Han Jian, he searched through the literature and classics in his hand and was puzzled. One day about a year later, he suddenly realized the meaning of it, and he was overjoyed, which also made him have a little more understanding and understanding of Jian Mu's interpretation.
As one of the main speakers of the reading class, Xiao Congli has been reading Jian Zhi Jian, trying to interpret the story behind the thousand-year-old text, so that everyone can understand the "voice" transmitted by Jian Mu.
Through the words engraved on them, the real Janes silently tell many different historical stories to the world: there is political economy, there is the Silk Road trade, as well as the edicts and laws of the time, traffic exchanges... Or a piece of letters, Jian Mu connects the present with the past, the ancients are at that end, and the present people are here.
Listen attentively to cultural relics and perceive the historical temperature
Shoulder water gold off the wood
Chang Yanna, deputy director of the Science and Technology Protection Department of the Gansu Jianmu Museum, as usual, she will go with two staff members to inspect the vault where the cultural relics of Jianmu are stored every day.
"A total of more than 40,000 pieces of Jian Mu unearthed in the northwest region have been stored here." Chang Yanna introduced.
We were first ushered into the storage room where Gansu Jian Mu was stored. Accompanied by two staff members from the custody center, we read the pieces of jane in the box. In the room, there are rows of filing cabinets where Jian Mu is placed, and each row neatly records the land and code of Jian Mu.
Chang Yanna told us that some of the Jane Mu are placed in slender glass tubes, which can play a good protective role. "Due to the reasons of the land area, the Han Jian excavated in the northwest is mainly wooden, and there are few bamboo Janes. However, the Jane excavated in the Tianshui Fangmatan area is bamboo Jane. ”
Chang Yanna held up the box containing Han Jian and said: "Due to regional factors, the vast majority of the materials unearthed in Gansu are red willow, poplar and pine, and there are very few bamboo janes." In addition to Jane and Mu, there are also Yao, Qi, Shu, sealed and inspected in our province. ”
The wooden jane in the box is not from the same land, nor is it the same form. We can more intuitively observe the differences with the naked eye, and we can also distinguish more clearly the Han Jian unearthed in the northwest.
Each piece of wood jane is sealed in a long strip of glass tube, and several are sealed in plexiglass sheets, which are arranged in an orderly manner in a special custom box, and the wooden jane inside the tube is of different lengths, and the black characters are engraved on the yellow background of the wood grain, which is clearly visible.
After thousands of years of burial underground, many wooden Janes are easily damaged, the ink is easy to fall off, and most of the ropes that are woven into books are decayed when they are unearthed, which also brings certain difficulties to the finishing work of The Janes after excavation.
"At the time of excavation, the excavators will write a number on the back of each jane. This unique number is like our identity card number, which is recorded and recorded with the excavation of each jane. Chang Yanna and the conservators of cultural relics can be described as a family treasure for these tens of thousands of jianmu.
"A lot of people see what they look like after treatment, but what we see is their most authentic 'face'. This piece of Jane, like an old man who has read all the vicissitudes, tells his story with feelings and temperature. Whenever she talked about the janes of these collections, Chang Yanna's face was always full of smiles.
In her opinion, being with these cultural relics also allowed her to learn to listen to their "voices" with her heart, so as to perceive the "temperature of history".
Exploring ways of communication to make Jian Mu "not simple"
In order to better protect and study Jian Mu, let Gansu Jian Mu "live", and let Gansu Jian Mu go out "hidden in the deep boudoir", Zhu Jianjun, director of the Gansu Jian Mu Museum, has been constantly exploring, discovering and practicing.
When it comes to Jian Mu, he always tells it. There were always books related to Jian Mu around him, so that he could read and consult them at any time. Whenever he talked about Jian Mu, Zhu Jianjun could not hide his excitement.
"Cultural relics themselves do not speak, we need to sort out and study, dig out the story behind the cultural relics, and then spread them in a variety of ways to make them truly 'alive'." However, telling a good story is the most difficult thing to do. Zhu Jianjun said.
Jian Mu is no longer shelved, no longer staying in people's impressions, but through the interpretation of words, truly telling history. Zhu Jianjun has been looking for a "road", looking for a "road" between Jian Mu and people. All this will be gradually realized in the upcoming Gansu Jianmu Museum, Zhu Jianjun said with a smile: "The dusty Gansu Jianmu will be laid out in front of the world with the imprint of history." There, it is like a time and space tunnel, opening the door for people to explore history. ”
Messenger album of King Kangju (Photo provided by Gansu Jianmu Museum)
Let people see the "not simple" place in Gansu, Zhu Jianjun's attitude is very resolute. "We want the public to understand what Jian Mu is and the importance and value of Jian Mu to contemporary society. We must build a platform for the protection and research and promotion and utilization of Jianmu, and jointly promote the research and utilization of the protection and utilization of Cultural Relics in China. Through digital means, the digital information integration management of the Cultural Relics of JianMu, the use of big data, AI and other ways to build a digital integration information research platform for the Cultural Relics of Jianmu, etc., all of which will be realized in the Gansu Jianmu Museum. Zhu Jianjun said.
"In the land we have stepped on, there are still too many Janes left for people to discover." Whether it is a broken chapter or a relatively complete book... They write history, write stories, and even write about the thousand-year-old Chinese civilization, the process in which Zhu Jianjun can best understand, is this not a very precious harvest?
Today, the discovery and research in the field of Gansu Jianmu is constantly advancing in the cooperative relay of generations of scholars. The discovery continues.
Over the years, the inheritance and promotion of the culture of Jian Mu is remarkable. But Zhu Jianjun still saw deficiencies in this. He hopes that in the future, more people will love Jian Mu, from experts and scholars to ordinary audiences, from adults to children, so that Gansu Jian Mu can walk into the homes of ordinary people, so that more people can listen to it, know it, and interpret it.
Without inheritance, there is no future; without innovation, there is no dissemination.
It is believed that the treasures of Gansu Jane under the long river of history will one day unveil their mysterious veil in front of the world.
New Gansu Gansu Daily reporter Min Yuan Li Ting