Black holes are some of the most massive objects in the universe. The collision of two black holes causes ripples in the structure of space-time — gravitational waves. Theoretically, where there are black holes, there are white holes. So what happens when a black hole meets a white hole?
Today we're going to answer this amazing question: What happens when a black hole and a white hole collide?
Currently, the white hole is just a hypothetical structure. Astronomers believe that black holes and white holes are essentially opposites, but they operate like a pair of upside-down twins. Specifically, black holes can attract and swallow matter, while white holes repel and rebound material. No object can escape the black hole, and no object can enter the white hole. When we look upside down to watch a white hole drain an object from the center at the speed of light, the white hole is no different from a black hole. Although black holes have the opposite nature to white holes, if we can observe white holes far enough away, their appearance is very similar to that of black holes.
White holes exist in theory, and if this theory holds, there are indeed white holes in the universe, but scientists don't know how white holes are formed. We know a little about the formation of black holes, black holes usually form in the process of exploding into supernovae after a large enough star loses enough fuel, and the explosion of large stars will form a dense core, which presents an unprecedented shape, similar to the appearance of people imagining a space-time tunnel, that is, a black hole.
However, white holes cannot be formed in the same way, because the mass of the core of the white hole is zero, so their core cannot have actual matter. Theoretically, if a hydrogen atom manages to somehow enter the singularity of the white hole, the white hole will collapse. White holes are extraordinary, and some scientists even think that white holes may be the key to understanding other mysteries such as dark matter. Because there is a theory that dark matter is formed from tiny white holes.
Although the singularity of the white hole cannot have mass, its core will continue to repel matter. However, scientists believe that white holes have gravitational pull, which means that white holes can attract objects in situ. To answer the question posed earlier, we assume that white holes do exist, and that white holes have gravitational pull that makes it possible to collide with black holes.
When some object of less massive mass (such as a planet or a spaceship) approaches a white hole, at least there will be no presence between it and the white hole [above?]. The case of "mutual competition".
The route to the white hole will be very dangerous. White holes diffuse material outward at the speed of light, which means that any object that approaches the white hole will be mercilessly "bombarded", and this "bombing" is likely to be carried out in the form of gamma rays. This "bombing" energy is capable of tearing most objects to shreds, or at least making it impossible to take another step toward the center of the white hole.
Since (we have already deduced) no matter can reach the center of the white hole, there is a "cosmic cut-off point." This "cosmic cutoff point", the jet stream of matter, causes the object to be only a certain distance away from the center of the white hole; and even at this point, the object can be damaged by the continuous impact of the destructive energy of the material flow.
Of course, if the object near the white hole were a black hole, then the situation would be very different. So far, we have found examples of these two extremely opposite natures of the object will attract each other, and even the transfer of energy may occur. We know that white holes are constantly emitting matter and black holes are constantly absorbing matter (the two are almost opposites), which makes white holes pass matter to the black hole like water flowing into the sewer. This mode of material flow is undoubtedly unidirectional and will be accelerated to unimaginable speeds. Black holes become larger and larger due to the inflow of material, eventually forming an unusually large supermassive structure.
Because both black holes and white holes have unlimited resources to continue, the flow of material can last for thousands of years. But given that we currently know more about black holes than we do for white holes, we think that over time, black holes will become large enough to swallow the white holes that supply its source of material. And if that happens, we don't know how that will happen.
However, given that we are still uncertain where traditional matter (non-theoretical matter) will go after entering a black hole, there is no way to make accurate predictions about this hypothetical structure. One possible theory is that black holes also shrink and annihilate. According to the "Hawking radiation" theory, black holes will also gradually shrink due to natural withering, a process accompanied by the flow of material energy out of the black hole. But some scientists believe that the fact that the situation may be more complicated than the outflow of matter. They believe that matter is completely isolated after entering the black hole, and will escape through the "tunnel" connected to the white hole of other universes, so it has long ceased to exist in this universe, let alone escape from the black hole.
When a black hole devours the material of the universe, that matter may be ejected into another universe through a white hole, which means that there is infinite amount of matter entering (the black hole) and at the same time infinite amount of matter escaping from the white hole. Even more exaggerated than this view, some scientists even believe that white holes are older than our universe, and that the connections between multiple universes through white holes and black holes can explain the origin of our universe very well. But this collision does not (or does not need to) thus end. In another case, according to Hawking radiation theory, a black hole may shrink as thermal radiation gradually loses mass before it engulfs a white hole. In this way, the white hole will actually win the collision by "overfilling".
Similarly, if a black hole wins the initial collision, it's another story. Theoretical physicist Carlo Lovelli proposed that when a black hole gradually decays and eventually dies, a white hole is created. When a black hole loses enough mass due to Hawking radiation, it is generally assumed that the black hole has collapsed until it disappears. But this poses a problem in some models of the universe: because there is a "nother side." In Roveri's view, a black hole does not simply evaporate and disappear, but when its mass collapses enough hours, it will rebound and create a white hole. Roveri said it would be an unusually slow process, and if the primordial black hole had the mass to be comparable to the Sun' size, it could have taken millions of times the age of our universe to complete.
However, the currently assumed primordial black hole mass is much smaller than the Sun... Thus, Roveri also pointed out that, in theory, a black hole that was created during the Big Bang could die and create a white hole at the time of the origin of the universe. If this is true, then we should realize that this is more than just an isolated cosmic collision. Even if the black hole swallows up the white hole in the collision and becomes incredibly large, the swallowed white hole can continue to exist in the black hole. Over time, more and more cosmic black holes will undergo similar transformations, and eventually the universe will be filled with many unknown mysterious singularities, which will eject material outward and enter the black hole. Space will then be shaped by white holes. In summary, we need to note that this particular hypothetical theory carries great uncertainty: the existence of white holes in the universe is still controversial.
Our current understanding of the universe means that it is entirely possible, although many physicists still claim that this is unlikely in nature... On the one hand, it is entirely possible that a strange and wonderful cosmic phenomenon like a gamma-ray explosion is actually a white hole (but we can't confirm it yet). On the other hand, an impossibility is obviously something we should also consider. But these may be the phenomena that can occur when a white hole and a black hole collide.
Resources:
Hawking radiation refers to a type of thermal radiation emitted from a black hole that is speculated by the theory of quantum effects. The theory was proposed in 1974 by physicist Stephen Hawking. The theory of Hawking radiation can show that black holes emit blackbody radiation, and with this emission, the mass of the black hole gradually loses, and the black hole gradually shrinks and eventually evaporates and disappears. The radiation has not yet been directly observed, but it explains how long a more massive black hole will survive.
by:Solo，H, 萱儿