Hello everyone, I am the Qixia History Collection, and today I am telling you about the last generation of monarchs of the Shang Dynasty, Di Xin, according to the "Pastoral Oath": The King of Sui, near female color, likes to be obscene, disrespects ghosts and gods, absurd to state affairs, delayed drinking, and killed loyal subjects. (Quoted from "Shang Shu Mu Oath") Here Di Xin seems to be very bad, ignoring the government, not worshiping ghosts and gods, enjoying drinking and having fun, and killing loyal subjects. The well-known "List of Fengshen Gods" in di xin also interpreted him in this way, even the editor I also saw when I was a child, Di Xin is indeed very bad.
90 edition of the list of gods
Is the real historical Di Xin really such a tyrannical and ruthless person? Next, Xiaobian will reveal the answer for you.
Famous on the list, it was hacked for 3,000 years, and later generations often called "King Of Qiu"
The earliest generation of favorite gods list is the 1990 version, starring Daqi "King of Lu", this drama was very popular with the audience as soon as it was broadcast, the plot inside was colorful, even we after the 90s have heard a little.
In the play, the King of Silk
At the beginning of this play, when the King of Qiu was sacrificing the Nüwa Niangniang, because he coveted the beauty of the Nüwa Niangniang, he also made a poem to tease the Nüwa Niangniang.
In the play, the lady of the play
In this poem, it is said: The phoenix treasure tent scene is very, full of mud and gold and delicate makeup. Ququ far away from the mountains flying green color; dancing sleeves reflect the Xia. Pear blossoms with rain compete for beauty; peony cage smoke and makeup. But the demon can move and retrieve the Changle King.
Inscription poem of the King of Lu
Later, Lady Nuwa was very angry, and as the god of the ancestor of mankind, she was not good at interfering in the affairs of the king of the world, so she sent Xuanyuan Three Demons to plague Di Xin. The three demons of Xuanyuan are the Nine-tailed Fox Essence, the Nine-Headed Pheasant Essence, and the Jade Pipa Essence. In order to be able to cultivate themselves to positive results as soon as possible, the three demons happily received their orders. However, fate is strange, and before he meets god Xin, he has formed a vendetta with Jiang Ziya, and yin and yang have helped Di Xin by mistake. Since then, he has been fighting against the righteous benevolent men on the Western Zhou side.
In the play, Su Daji
At this time, Di Xin, who was very happy and stupid, did not know that his great dynasty was exhausted, and he spent all day to find fun for himself, and fei Zhong, a courtier above the court, You Hun spent all day drinking and having fun with the king of Qiu, choosing beauty for Di Xin, and also building a palace in a big way, and the people all cried bitterly, and launched a war with foreign envoys, and the princes became increasingly dissatisfied with him.
In the play, Xi Bohou Jichang
So the wise men represented by Xi Bohou Jichang began to rise, and many people of insight began to defect to him, and even the Yuan Shi Tianzun of the Heavenly Jade Void Palace sent his disciple Jiang Ziya down to help Xi Bohou, the famous allusion: Jiang Taigong fishing - the willing one is hooked. Jiang Ziya wanted to fish at that time just as a pretext, but really wanted to wait for someone, and this person was Xi Bohou Jichang. Thus began the road to logging.
Jiang Ziya in the play
In the end, the two camps of Shen Gongbao, a powerful soldier led by Di Xin, and Jiang Ziya, led by Ji Fa, attracted countless strange warriors to fight, and as a result, king Chao Ge was defeated and set himself on fire, while the three demons of Xuanyuan were not beheaded by the gods.
This is the Di Xin in Xu Zhonglin's novel "Fengshen Yanyi" of the Ming Dynasty, is the real historical Di Xin like the above? The answer is no.
Fengshen Rendition
Emperor Xin, who sang praises of the victors and was blackened, Chairman Mao gave him a correct evaluation
After unearthing many cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty, we have examined from many historical facts that the Shang Dynasty where Di Xin was located was still very powerful at that time, and Di Xin was still very intelligent, according to the "History of Yin Benji", "The capital debate is swift, the smell is very sensitive; the material is superior, the hand is fierce; the knowledge is enough to refuse advice, the words are enough to decorate the wrong, the people are able to do it, and the world is high, thinking that they are all under themselves." (Quoted from "History of Yin Benji") If this were left in our time, it might be a piece of fragrant food. But isn't it reasonable to say that his dynasty shouldn't rule better? Why was it destroyed by a small princely state in Western Zhou? The emperors in history have always had merits and deeds, so let's take a look at the merits of Di Xin.
Dissin
During Di Xin's reign, he not only attached importance to the development of commerce, but also attached importance to the harvest of agriculture, which can be said to be a rich country and a strong people under his governance.
Externally, the Dongyi Rebellion was also quelled, and the territory of the Shang Dynasty was expanded to the southeast, which was recorded in the Huainanzi: "The land of Lu, the left East Sea, the right quicksand, the front toe, the back of the capital." (The quotation is from the "Huainanzi Tai Nationality Training") also brought the production technology and culture of the Shang Dynasty to the southeast to publicize and spread, driving the development of southeast culture and promoting a great integration of nationalities in history.
The Ninth Rebellion of the Shang Dynasty
However, before Di Xin succeeded to the throne, after experiencing the rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty, it was reasonable to reproduce well, however, the people of the Shang Dynasty were very belligerent, they did not send anything and pro-princess to marry the foreign country forever, but sent troops to fight without a word, which from the side, Di Xin was very belligerent, and it can be seen from the description in the history of Yin Benji that he was a fierce man.
During the war with Dongyi, a lot of manpower, material and financial resources were invested to calm the war, and many ordinary people and nobles who opposed the war were dissatisfied, and the princes were increasingly alienated from him.
King Wu of Zhou
The father and son of Western Zhou took advantage of the fact that Emperor Xin had just finished fighting with Dongyi, the loss was too great, and when the Shang Dynasty became strong again, it took time to sneak attack the capital of The State, Andi Xin was still on the way back to the Dynasty, and it was too late to rush back, just in Muye (present-day Xinxiang City, Henan) to resist king Wu's army of Zhou Wu, at this time the national strength was excessively depleted, he failed to persevere, and finally defeated, seeing that the general trend had gone, he set himself on fire and martyred himself.
Di Xin set himself on fire
Later, when a great man opened this period of history again, our great Chairman Mao commented on Di Xin this way: "It is wrong to regard King Huan, Qin Shi Huang, and Cao Cao as bad people, but in fact, King Huan is a very capable and capable person. He managed the southeast and consolidated the unity of Dongyi and the Central Plains, which was meritorious in history. Emperor Xin fought a victorious battle against Xuzhou, but the losses were very large, and there were too many prisoners to digest. His captive policy was not very well done, and King Wu of Zhou took advantage of the false attack, and a large number of prisoners defected, resulting in the fall of the Shang Dynasty. (Quoted from the Collected Works of Mao Zedong)
epilogue
Di Xin was actually a great loser, although he used his national strength to pacify Dongyi and invited the annihilation of the country by those who could take advantage of it, but he had his influence on the historical integration and cultural dissemination. It can only be said that he did not recognize a situation at that time, and did not give preferential treatment to the defeated prisoners, perhaps like the historical Battle of Changping, due to the excessive number of defeated people, they were violently killed, which may also become a factor. In the end, history can only judge him as more meritorious than excessive.
bibliography
"History of Yin Benji"
Shang Shu
"Huainanzi"
"The Evolution of the Gods"
The Collected Works of Mao Zedong