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Through "the present in history", the future can be seen from the past, and the future can be changed from the present.
Today is February 22, 2022, and on this day in 1857, the German physicist Heinrich Hertz was born. Hertz first experimentally confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves in 1887 and published a paper in 1888. He made great contributions to electromagnetism, so the International Unit of Units of Frequency Hertz was named after him. Looking back at February 22 in computer history, what are some of the key events that happened on this day that are worth remembering?
February 22, 1909: Edmund Berkeley, co-founder of the Computer Society (ACM), is born
On February 22, 1909, computer pioneer Edmund Berkeley was born. He co-founded the Computer Society (ACM) in 1947 and popularized the early days of cognitive image computers in his 1949 book Giant Brains or Thinking Machines, and his perception of "thinking machines" profoundly influenced long-term predictions of human life. He is also a social activist working to achieve conditions that could minimize the threat of nuclear war.
Source: Wikipedia
Edmund Berkeley attended St. Bernard's School and Phillips Exeter College, and subsequently earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and logic from Harvard University in 1930. He spent 14 years as an actuary at Prudential Insurance Company from 1934, but served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. In 1939, Berkeley saw the calculator invented by George Stibitz at Bell Labs, and in 1942 saw the Harvard Mark I computer. In November 1946, he drafted the Pru Sequence Control Calculator, and the following year, Berkeley and John Mockley, who invented the world's first general-purpose computer, discussed the problem of the UNIVAC computer. Finally in 1947, Berkeley's Prudential signed a contract with the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company to produce; 1 was one of the first UNIVAC computers.
In 1948, Berkeley left prudential to become an independent consultant, when the company banned him from working on projects related to the avoidance of nuclear war, even in private. Berkeley rose to fame in 1949 with his book Giant Brains or Thinking Machines, in which he described the principles behind computers (using the terms "mechanical brain," "sequence control calculator," or various other terms) and outlined what later became known as the first "personal computer," Simon.
Since then, Berkeley founded, published, and edited the world's first computer magazine, Computers and Automation. On the title page of the January 1963 issue of Computer and Automation magazine, Berkeley published a 1962 painting by Efraim Arazi, Computer Art. This photograph inspired him to launch his first computer art competition in 1963. Subsequently, Berkeley coined the term computer art, which became a pioneer in the field of computer art.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Encyclopedia
February 22, 1928: Thomas Kurtz, co-developer of the BASIC computer programming language, is born
The BASIC programming language, which predates the birth of the personal computer, is easy to learn, easy to use, and suitable for a variety of tasks, opening the door to computer programming for millions of people. Although BASIC has limited some of its dissemination over the past three decades because of its inherent limitations and numerous critics, it is still the most widely taught and used language among computer experts today. In the 1960s, a few years before the microcomputer was built, mainframe computers ran programs by processing batches of punched cards; these mainframes required a group of trained operators to serve relatively untrained users, so at the time, no one could have imagined that ordinary people could also operate computers or write computer languages.
Against this backdrop, Dr. John G. Kemeny and Dr. Thomas E. Kurtz, professors of mathematics at Dartmouth College, began a project in 1964. Kemini and Kurtz were working with students on a time-sharing project that was expected to give multiple people simultaneous access to the university's mainframe computers. As part of the project, Kemini and Kurtz developed BASIC, which the two professors wanted to be an easy-to-use, general-purpose programming language that would allow more people to communicate with computers on their own.
By the 1970s, when the first microcomputers came out, BASIC was considered an excellent personal programming language and had undergone several mutations. In 1974, two college students— Paul Allen and Bill Gates— used it for the suite-built 4K RAM Altair, making BASIC one of the first languages to be implemented on personal computers; Allen and Gates later founded Microsoft Corporation, and their improved Microsoft BASIC can now be used on any personal computer.
Back in 1928, on February 22 of that year, Thomas Eugene Kurtz was born in Oak Park, Illinois, usa, the son of Oscar Chris Kurtz and Helen Bell Kurtz, who held various positions at Lions Clubs Clubs International headquarters. Kurtz was interested in science from an early age, graduating from Knox College in 1950 with a Ph.D. in physics; then in 1956, Kurtz went to Princeton University for further studies and earned a degree, the same year joining Dartmouth College's Department of Mathematics, teaching statistics and numerical analysis. In 1983, Kurtz and his colleague John G. Kemeny co-founded a company called True BASIC to sell updated versions of the True BASIC language.
Kurtz has also served as Chairman and Trustee of the Board of Trustees of EDUCOM, Trustee and Chair of NERComP, and Member of the Pierce Panel of the President's Scientific Advisory Committee; in addition to serving on the steering committees of the CONDUIT Project and the CCUC Conference on Instructional Computing. In 1974, the Federation of Information Processing Societies presented Kmini and Kurtz with awards at the National Computer Conference for their work on BASIC and time-sharing systems. In 1991, the Computer Society awarded Kurtz the IEEE Computer Pioneer Award.
February 22, 2000: Red Hat releases its first version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial, market-oriented Linux distribution developed by Red Hat. Red Hat has been supporting each version of Enterprise Linux for 10 years, starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5; Red Hat Enterprise Linux is often referred to simply as RHEL, but RHEL is not the official name. A new version of RHEL was released about 3 years ago; Red Hat used strict trademark rules to restrict the free redistribution of its officially supported version of RHEL, but still made its source code available for free. By stripping off nonfree components such as the Red Hat trademark, third-party vendors can build and redistribute derivatives of RHEL: for example, this is the case with community-backed distributions (Rocky Linux) and commercial branch versions (Oracle Linux).
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is not Red Hat Linux. Initially, RHEL was indeed based on Red Hat Linux, but with a more conservative release cycle; later versions were based on Fedora Linux. Approximately every six versions of Fedora are accompanied by a new release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, starting with RHEL 9 and also based on CentOS Stream with the same major version number. In addition, the Fedora project released a set of packages for RHEL called Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL). EPEL packages can work in RHEL, but are maintained by willing community members and support for any upstream changes.
Initially, RHEL was freely available to anyone who wanted to download it, while Red Hat made money on support. Subsequently, Red Hat began splitting its product line into Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Fedora (a community distribution and project sponsored by Red Hat), which were designed to stabilize and support enterprise users over the long term. The use of the trademark prevents word-for-word copying of Red Hat Enterprise Linux by other vendors. Today, many commercial vendors use RHEL as the basis for operating systems in their products; the two most famous are console operating systems in VMware ESX Server and Oracle Linux respin.
February 22, 2011: Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) is released
Android Honeycomb is a major version of the Android operating system developed by Google and is designed primarily for devices with large screens, such as tablets, with a version number of 3.0. On February 22, 2011, Android Honeycomb was released alongside Motorola Xoom, Motorola's tablet product; Honeycomb introduced a user interface theme called "holographic" and an interaction model based on Android's key features such as multitasking, notifications, and widgets. Honeycomb followed the convention of early Android versions naming desserts and snacks, meaning "hive"; this generation of mascot Android robots also became a black and blue bee.
Honeycomb introduces a number of new features, and today's common UI design— email and contacts apps using two panes and the most recent app view for multitasking— originated in Android 3.0; in addition, the Gallery app now allows users to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode and access thumbnails of other photos in the collection; Honeycomb's browser app also replaces the browser window with tabs. Add incognito mode for anonymous browsing and show features like bookmarks and history in a unified view. Since Honeycomb was released alongside Motorola Xoom, Motorola's tablet product, this generation of systems redesigned the keyboard to make it easier to enter text on large-screen devices such as tablets. Another easily overlooked idea— the customizable home screen, also derived from Honeycomb; it's built into various derived Android UIs for a decade, so much so that many people forget about it. Just eight months after Honeycomb's release, on October 8, 2011, Android 4.0, which has a greater impact on future generations, was released.
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