Just late last night, the official website of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport released heavyweight news, and the final ruling was made for the British track and field team athletes of the Tokyo Olympic Games, Chijindu Ujakin: Uja's performance in the First Pole At the Tokyo Olympic Games, the British men's 4×100m relay team was canceled, according to the rules of the passage, the third Place Canada Team will be the runner-up, the fourth place Chinese team will be the third place, su Bingtian and his teammates will regain the bronze medal of the Tokyo Olympic Games.
The full text of the Arbitration Statement
We have made a rough translation of the decision of the Anti-Doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport to the effect that it follows
On 18 February 2022, the Anti-Doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne (CAS ADD) today issued the following ruling on British sprinter Chikindu Uja:
According to Article 2.1 of the IOC Anti-Doping Rules (IOC ADR) applicable to the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020, athlete Chikindu Uja was found to have violated the anti-doping rules.
2. In accordance with the IOC's anti-doping rules, Chijindu Uja was disqualified from the 4×100m sprint relay final on 6 August 2021, and his performance in the 100m sprint was confiscated, along with medals, certificates, points and prizes.
3. The British Men's Sprint Relay team was disqualified from the 4×100m Sprint Relay Final on 6 August 2021 and the medals, certificates, points and prizes were confiscated in accordance with Article 2020 of the IOC Anti-Doping Rules.
The IAAF is demanding that any further action within its jurisdiction be considered and penalties imposed under its own rules, including setting a suspension period.
On August 6, 2021, after the final of the 4×100m sprint relay race, athlete Chikindu Uja underwent a doping test. Analysis of his samples revealed that the banned substances Ostarine and S-23, the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which were banned at all times by WADA, had poor analytical results.
On 12 August 2021, the doping testing agency, on behalf of the International Olympic Committee, officially informed the athlete that he was temporarily qualified as a track and field athlete. The analysis of the B sample requested by the athlete confirmed the analysis of the A sample, and the testing agency referred the matter to CAS ADD to determine the doping violation and to continue to advance the matter in accordance with the IOC anti-doping rules.
After exchanging written comments, the athlete did not challenge the doping violation, but argued that he did not intentionally take the doping and claimed that the source of the prohibited substance may have been the ingestion of contaminated nutritional supplements, but the CAS ADD independent arbitrator, after hearing, issued this decision and arbitrated in that decision, and the athlete violated the IOC anti-doping regulations.
The athlete's performance in the 4×100m sprint relay final on 6 August 2021 was cancelled in accordance with IOC Anti-Doping Article 10.1, while his performance in the 100m sprint was also cancelled. In addition, in accordance with IOC Anti-Doping Article 11.3, the results of the British men's sprint relay team in the 4×100m sprint relay final on 6 August 2021 were also disqualified, and medals, certificates, points and prizes were recycled. The IAAF is required to consider any further action within its jurisdiction and impose penalties under its own rules, including setting a suspension period.
The Chinese sprint team created an excellent record at the Tokyo Olympic Games
Let's revisit the chinese sprint team's excellent performance at the Tokyo Olympic Games, in the men's 4×100m preliminary competition, the Chinese team played well, and finally ranked first in the group with 37.92 seconds, and reached the final strongly! The U.S. team was eliminated in sixth place in the group.
The U.S. team dropped the chain in the preliminaries and made a mistake in the handover of the baton and was out early. American sprinter Carl Lewis wrote on social platforms: "This relay team has not done anything right, the handover method is very chaotic, the arrangement of the bats is also problematic, and it is clear that this team does not have a leader." They're not even as good as some amateur league kids, which is really hard to accept.
In the men's 4×100m finals, the eight teams participating in the final were China, The United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Ghana, Germany, Canada, Jamaica, and in the final, the Chinese team was in the 7th lane. Tang Xingqiang of the first stick started the reaction of 0.153 and successfully handed the stick to Xie Zhenye. At this point, the Japanese team dropped the baton when handing over the baton.
Su Bingtian, who was in the third base, maintained the advantage, and in the crucial fourth base, Wu Zhiqiang suppressed Jamaica's fourth baseman Sevier, while Italy's fourth baseman Toltu recovered the disadvantage in the last moment and crossed the line first. In the end, Italy won the gold medal in 37.50 seconds, the United Kingdom and Canada won the silver and bronze medals, and the Chinese team won the fourth place in 37.79 seconds, which also equaled the best record in the history of the Chinese men's relay team in the Olympic games.
What medicine Uja took
According to the British newspaper The Independent, Uja is suspected of taking two banned drugs called Sarms (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators) during the Olympics, of which S23 is a drug that helps muscle growth and the other drug, Ostarine, is an anabolic agent.
Sarms describes it as "having an effect similar to that of testicular androgens," which can reverse the decline in muscle strength while increasing muscle mass. Studies have found that through selective androgen modulators, metabolism can be improved, lipolysis can be promoted, while increasing bone mineral content and muscle content, that is, the substance has a very close effect to testosterone.
Testosterone is a male hormone, in the human body can be produced on its own, mainly by the male testicles secreted, female ovaries can also secrete a small amount of testosterone, because the amount of testosterone secretion in men is much higher than that of women, therefore, men have significant secondary sexual characteristics, manifested by growing beard, muscular development, tall physique, protruding throat, male voice.
Because testosterone has the effect of increasing muscle content, reducing fat content, increasing the number of red blood cells, refreshing, etc., and these effects can significantly improve athletic performance, the hormones of anabolic steroids consistent with the mechanism of action of testosterone have become the "beloved things" of athletes.
Basic knowledge about stimulants
The public often believes that athletes who take doping will be sentenced to doping, but in fact, this is a lack of understanding of the definition of doping. The International Anti-Doping Agency's definition of doping is not a one-sentence sentence, but several articles:
In samples taken from athletes, the banned substance or its metabolites or markers were found.
Use or attempt to use a prohibited substance or method.
3. After receiving the inspection notice authorized by the anti-doping rules, in the absence of a convincing justifiable reason, fail to complete the sample collection in accordance with the regulations or refuse to accept the sample collection, or other acts of evading the acceptance of sample collection.
Violations of applicable provisions regarding the obligation of athletes to undergo out-of-game inspections, including failure to provide necessary whereabouts information and missing tests announced under reasonable rules.
Tampering with or attempting to tamper with any link in the doping process.
Possess banned substances and prohibited methods:
Transactions of any banned substance or prohibited method.
Use or attempt to use a prohibited substance or method against any athlete, or to assist, encourage, finance, abet, or cover up the use of a prohibited substance or method, or other type of violation of anti-doping rules or any attempt to violate.
Common types of stimulants include
1. Stimulants: It is a class of drugs that have a strong excitatory effect on the central nervous system, such as: cocaine, ephedrine, propylamine, salbutanolamine, etc., which can improve the excitability of the nervous system and increase metabolism. But these drugs, while promoting sugar and fat metabolism, accelerate energy expenditure, make people feel that they will soon have "no strength", and excessive excitement also masks some serious medical problems and lead to injury. In addition, irritants can also cause increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, hallucinations, etc., which may cause sudden death during exercise.
The sudden death of British amateur long-distance runner Claire Squals shocked Britain, and the 30-year-old woman, who ran a marathon in April 2012, suddenly collapsed just as she was approaching the finish line near Buckingham Palace and never got up again. The published anatomical results showed that the sports supplement Jack3D taken by Squals before the game caused a rapid heartbeat, which in turn led to heart failure and death.
2, narcotics: heroin, methadone, morphine, piperidine and other drugs as representatives, such substances themselves do not have a strong effect, but after use can make people have pleasure and hallucinations beyond physical fitness, reduce pain so that athletes do not feel the harm of injury and cause greater harm. In severe cases, dyspnea, increased blood pressure, and muscle stiffness can occur.
3. Anabolic steroids: it is a derivative of male hormones (testosterone), which has physiological effects similar to male hormones, can promote protein synthesis, reduce catabolism, improve muscle strength, and thus promote muscle growth. It is the most frequently used and widest range of categories used by athletes, commonly used are testosterone, nandrolone, dianabolol, coronaterol, danazol, formotero, stanozol, salbutamol and so on. It is often used in weightlifting, bodybuilding, athletics, swimming and other athletes who need to increase muscle strength, speed and endurance. Long-term use of anabolic steroids directly affects the body's hormone balance and adversely affects the body. For example, inhibiting its own hormone secretion, resulting in a decrease in its own testosterone secretion and testicular atrophy, resulting in short-term increase in sexual desire and long-term low incompetence, inducing coronary heart disease, hypertension, and causing abnormal liver function, inducing tumors, causing tendon and ligament damage, muscle spasm, and increased secretion of sebaceous glands. Damage to female athletes is particularly prominent, causing women to have male signs, protruding laryngeal knots, a deep voice, amenorrhea, rough skin, etc. Anabolic steroid drugs have made a name for themselves with Canadian athlete Ben Johnson at the Seoul Olympics.
4. Diuretics: can increase urination, rapid weight loss or evade stimulant examination. Acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlorothiazem, furosemide, mannitol and the like are its representatives. The use of diuretics can cause dehydration and reduce exercise capacity, which can cause fatigue, spasms and other symptoms such as blood potassium deficiency.
5, peptide hormones and analogues: is a type of human body can secrete their own substances, while the detection difficulty is relatively the largest, such substances include adrenocorticotropic hormone, erythropoietin, choritropin, insulin, tamoxifen and so on. Exogenous supplementation of hormones that the human body can produce can cause gigantism, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and so on.
From the above stimulant introduction, it can be seen that except for the most original stimulants with excitatory effects, the rest of the types of stimulants basically do not have a direct excitatory effect, but are aimed at improving their ability and evading examination.
A protracted tug-of-war with a demon a foot high
The fight between doping and anti-doping is undoubtedly a protracted super tug-of-war, in fact, the development of doping is about 5-10 years ahead of the detection methods, so there has been such an "unspoken rule" in the sports world: what is found is called doping, and what is not found is called high-tech. In order to prevent and eliminate the abuse of high-tech doping and let the sword of Damocles hang high in the hearts of athlete coaches, international anti-doping has used two powerful means: one is to save athletes' urine and blood test samples for re-examination for a long time, and the other is to enable biological passport technology.
The Swiss Anti-Doping Laboratory in Lausanne holds a wealth of evidence that can "bring down" Olympians. Since 2008, thousands of athletes' urine and blood samples have been stored here in the anti-doping laboratory. With the advent of the latest detection techniques, these samples may be re-tested.
Doping testing is a prescribed action of the Olympic Games. The sample is divided into A and B bottles, and when the A bottle is tested positive, the B bottle will be opened for testing. The initial testing was carried out by laboratories in the area where the Olympic Games were located. Due to the large number and the need to test in a short period of time, each sample will not be tested for all prohibited substances, but only a general judgment of which sports athletes are likely to use which drugs, so as to carry out related testing work. After these tests, the remaining urine samples are packed into boxes and refrigerated before being airlifted to Geneva. From there, samples are sent to a locked refrigerator in the Lausanne laboratory.
The IOC extends the shelf life of samples from 8 to 10 years, during which time any urine sample can be thawed for re-testing. This gives scientists more time to develop new detection techniques. As a result, although the banned substances could not be detected at that time, they are expected to be detected in the next few years. To use a common saying, it is: good is rewarded with good and evil is repaid with evil, not that the time has not yet come. IOC President Bach also said: "Our samples should be kept for 10 years, so that those who deceive know that they will never have a peaceful day."
In addition to re-examination methods, biological passport technology has also been widely used in doping testing, which establishes a "biological passport" for each athlete. Each test result of an athlete is tracked so that it reflects changes in the athlete's physiological data over time, and if some data shows inexplicable abnormal fluctuations at some stage, it means that the athlete may have been doping. For example, if hemoglobin levels fluctuate to a limited extent in the body, if a test detects an abnormal increase in somoglobin levels, the athlete may have used EPO (erythropoietin), and although no direct evidence of EPO use was found in the athlete, it can also be determined that the athlete was taking a stimulant.
Because in most cases, the drug metabolism rate is very fast, often 24-48 hours after the trace, want to catch the athlete who is using doping during the athlete training, can be described as a big luck. The application of bio-passport technology puts off-game doping at great risk. Because the technology does not rely on a single result to determine, but tracks long-term physiological data, which requires athletes to be responsible for the substances in their own bodies for a long time.
brief summary
Of course, this is only the judgment of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport, and then the World Athletics Federation will punish Uja in detail, including the competition period, etc. When the matter is settled, it will take back the silver medal of the British team, as well as the silver and bronze medals of the Canadian team and the Chinese team. Then the relevant institutions will choose the most appropriate time to reissue medals. Justice may be late, but it will never be absent!
# Topic discussion
Su Bingtian is about to regain the Olympic bronze medal,
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