In the Tang Dynasty, such as "Bamboo Branch Words" and "Willow Branch Words", they were originally created by anonymous people, and after the collection and editing of the literati, they were handed down.
——Lu Xun's "Talk outside the Door"
In the distant Tang Dynasty, a poet who was politically frustrated and demoted to the Three Gorges to be a poet who was an assassin in Kuizhou, because he saw the locals singing and dancing in the Wushan area of eastern Sichuan, he especially favored the folk songs of the Three Gorges and began to imitate the Ba Ge to write "Bamboo Branch Words". He never dreamed that history would remember not his official and political career, but his poetry. In particular, his "Bamboo Branch Words" created a genre of poetry, influencing later generations of literati to learn from him from different aspects and gain each other. Su Shi, Su Rui, Wang Anshi, Xu Wei, Yuan Hongdao and other great names in the poetry world all regard him as a living spectrum. He was praised by the Qing Dynasty scholar Weng Fanggang as: "With the tune of the ballad of "Bamboo Branches", he created the status of Lao Du's poetry history." ”
It's a lot like a person who has lived in the city for a long time, physically and mentally exhausted and suffered the blow of lost love, in a remote mountain tourism, met a beautiful and rustic village girl. He fell in love with her at first sight and eventually not only became his lifelong partner, but also achieved a career for him. And that village girl turned out to be a model in the popular fashion industry. The stories of the poets of the Tang Dynasty and the Bamboo Branch Words are very similar to this. He absorbed the nutrition of folk songs in the Three Gorges and wrote a number of good poems that reflected the lives and customs of the people in the lower classes. It is precisely because his poems absorb the characteristics of Bashu folk songs in terms of creative style, simple and beautiful, so compared with the creation of ordinary literati, there is another fresh and natural, healthy and lively charm, full of life interest.
His name was Liu Yuxi, a Tang Dynasty writer and philosopher. Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing, grew up in Luoyang, and called himself a Jiangnan guest. Around the age of 19, tang Zhenyuan traveled to Chang'an, and in the ninth year of Tang Zhenyuan, he and Liu Zongyuan were on the same list as Jinshidi. The highest official, he served as the inspector of imperial history. Because of his failure to participate in Uncle Wang's Cultural Revolution, he initially degraded Lianzhou, then Langzhou, and later to Kuizhou. In other words, from Guangdong and Hunan to the Three Gorges. From a certain point of view, Liu Yuxi is a walking writer, a wandering poet. When he came to the Three Gorges, he was cultivated by the majestic mountains and strange waters of the Three Gorges, and his eyebrows were frowned and his eyes were swept away; so he tried to master the tune of folk songs and learned to sing "Bamboo Branches", which made the listener sad. Distant bamboo branches, should it be another kind of nostalgia?
According to the Book of Tang, Liu Yuxi himself said how he felt about listening to the Folk Songs of the Three Gorges: "The song of the four directions, different sounds and music together." In the first month of the year, Yu Lai Jianping sang bamboo branches, played piccolo, and beat drums to go to the festival. Singers dance with their hearts and dances, and the song is more virtuous. Listen to its tone, the feather of the yellow bell, and the pawn is as fierce as Wu Sheng. "Where is Jianping?" The county was administered in present-day Wushan County. What are the tonal characteristics of folk songs? The tone and mode of singing by the ancient People of Eastern Sichuan and Western Hubei are the feathers of the Yellow Bell, that is, like shang non-shang, like feathers and non-feathers, which are self-contained. In today's parlance, Liu Yuxi's doing so is called collecting wind and being close to life. Without this kind of kung fu of panning for gold in the sand, bamboo branches would always be bamboo branches—the colloquial slang sound of the original yuwa juice, rather than bamboo branches—and would have been introduced into the Literati Poetry Garden for creative experiments. So, the distant bamboo branches should be the source of the poet's spirit?
Mr. Lu Xun pointed out in the "Talks on The Outer Door" that the Tang Dynasty's "Bamboo Branch Words" and "Willow Branch Words" were originally created by anonymous people, and after the recording and polishing of the literati, they were handed down.
In the distant Tang Dynasty, the Three Gorges was a barbaric land. In the face of poor mountains and bad waters, who would have thought that almost all the famous poets of that era came to the Three Gorges and wrote popular poems here? Especially Liu Yuxi, is he because of his outstanding spirit, or because the Three Gorges Jiangshan has achieved poetry? Some people say that the Three Gorges is the Poetry Gorge, and some people say that the Three Gorges is a poetry library. Mr. Lan Yong, a professor at Southwest Normal University, said it well: "For thousands of years, many literati have not written about mountains and rivers, and the majesty and magnificence of the natural scenery of the Three Gorges have infected these literati, making them integrate their life situation with nature, and attaching themselves to the mountains and rivers of the Three Gorges, affecting their life path." With the help of the country, we have created poets and left us with a brilliant and magnificent poetry library. For thousands of years, the poet's deep chanting has been passed down through the ages, doubling the humanistic color of the Three Gorges. ”
The vitality of poetry has always been in the folk, just like drama. Mr. Yu Qiuyu, a famous essayist, pointed out in his study of Kunqu Opera's "Where the Flute Sounds": "In the era and social environment where feudal culture rule was very strict, local dramas came from the relatively free and free field of folk culture, so everywhere you can see a lively state, vividness, vast land, the hearts of the masses support them, they can not help but flow a kind of vigorous vitality on the whole. "The bamboo branch word is very similar to the fate of local drama. Turning over the history books, the history of Chinese poetry is full of the laughter and groaning of the court literati, but the bamboo branches open with loud village songs from the fields, although the folk mountain songs are very vulgar and small and humble, but it has always survived in the poetry circle from ancient times to the present.
During Liu Yuxi's period of disparaging the Three Gorges, he filled in the words according to the tune and wrote many bamboo branch words that imitated folk songs, which are still loved by the majority of readers. Such as: "Yang Liu QingJiang level, smell the Lang River singing." The sun rises in the east and the rains in the west, and the road is clear and sunny. The poet borrows the tone of a maiden who has first fallen in love and uses a humorous pun to express his expression. Another example: "Mountain peach saffron flowers are full of heads, and the spring water of the Shu River beats the mountain stream." The bonus is easy to decay like Lang Yi, and the water flow is infinite like nong sorrow. "The poet kneads Bixing into one, with thoughts, harmony of syllables, and rhymes with emotion. If you read it carefully, you can read the taste of the five-sentence love song in the Three Gorges Basin, and it can even be said that the five-sentence love song is the matrix of the bamboo branch word.
Folk songs can be included in poetry, of course, can also be included in prose, into novels, into film and television. The modern poet Li Ji's long narrative poem "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" adopts the form of the northern Shaanxi folk song "Xintianyou", which enhances the image and musicality of the poem. Our old poet liu immortal of the Three Gorges region once went deep into the mountain villages and forests, collected and sorted out more than 430 love songs in western Hubei, and turned the nourishment of these love songs into the flesh and blood of his own poetry. Drawing nourishment from folk literature has always been the right way to nationalize Chinese literature. Some people always think that the more foreign literary creation, the better, so to say that it is in line with the world, in fact, only this side of the water and soil can give birth to the Chinese of yellow skin and black hair. Even if you dye your hair blonde or brownish red, it is impossible to change your genetics, it is impossible to change your blood. Liu Yuxi is one of the mirrors that illuminate our eyes, and the distant bamboo branches may be one of the fates of literature.
What I am vaguely worried about is that the millions of migrants from the Three Gorges, whose seeds like dandelions have been blown to the north and south of the world by the wind, have begun to survive again in the land of a foreign land, and will inevitably integrate into the local culture. And what about the soil and water that they are suitable for growth? What about the dialect of the local dialect that is difficult to change? What about the colorful folk customs? What about the five-sentence love song of the mountain song folk song that once gave birth to the bamboo branch word? ...... I am afraid that it will also be submerged with the submerged towns. Not in the hometown, but in another place.
Therefore, the farther away from the local culture, the faster the local culture will dissolve. For the bamboo branch word, how sad and sad it should be! Look at the cottages on both sides of the Three Gorges, the wind has accumulated distant years and songs at the roots of the bamboo forest, but the bamboo leaves are gently swaying in the wind. But the beauty of the bamboo branches is still in the soul of history, singing deeply, singing deeply.
About the Author:
Gan Maohua, a Tujia family, was born in Enshi, Hubei Province, and settled in Yichang, Hubei Province. Well-known essayist and lyricist. He is a member of the China Writers Association, the China Financial Writers Association, the China Ethnic Minority Writers Association, the China Prose Literature Society, and the invited writer of the China Prose Network. He has successively served as a director of the Hubei Writers Association, a director of the Hubei Pop Music Art Committee, an executive vice chairman of the Yichang Writers Association, and an honorary president of the Yichang Essay Literature Association. He has published 16 novels, essays and other literary works, and won important awards such as the Hubei Literature Award, the Hubei Ethnic Minority Literature Award, the Hubei Quyuan Literary and Art Award, the National Bingxin Prose Award, the Ministry of Culture Stars Award, and the National "Five Ones Project" Award. Some works have been included in university vocal music textbooks and middle school Chinese vernacular textbooks, and the "History of Three Gorges Literature" has a special section commentary.