Yoo Woo-seok: More optimistic than "Lotte".

2024-04-08

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At a young age, he has already entered the political and literary circles.

In the second half of his life, he was demoted out of the capital twice, and one was 20 years.

He is Bai Juyi's best friend, and he and Liu Zongyuan trust each other in life and death, and cherish each other.

Liu Yuxi, a great poet known as the "poet", has bad luck and a bad fate, but he is still optimistic, full of pride, and does not change the style of the literati.

Statue of Liu Yuxi

Smooth start, young age, unlimited scenery

Legend has it that Liu Yuxi's mother dreamed that the child was a gift from Dayu, so she named it tin. Tin means to give. Liu Yuxi, the word Mengde, self-described "family is on Xingshang, and his hometown occupies Luoyang", was born in Xingyang, Zhengzhou, and was born in Luoyang.

Yoo spent his childhood in Jiangnan. He was gifted and intelligent, liked poetry and books, and was accepted as a disciple by the famous poet monks Jiaoran and Lingche at that time, and soon learned something. In 790 AD, 19-year-old Liu Yuxi began to study in Luoyang and Chang'an, and soon made a name for himself in Shilin. Three years later, he was named on the gold list, and he was ranked first. And among the people on the same list is his lifelong friend - Liu Zongyuan.

After stepping into the official career, Liu Yuxi also had a smooth journey. He was first appointed as the prince's school secretary, and after keeping filial piety for his father, he successively served as the secretary of Xu Sihao Jiedu, the secretary of Huainan Jiedu, and the chief secretary of Weinan County, Jingzhao Prefecture. The level of supervising the imperial history is not high, but he has the power to supervise hundreds of officials. During this period, he became friends with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, who also served in the Yushitai, and soon Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhi also joined their circle of friends.

At a young age, he entered the political and literary circles, and Liu Yuxi's life can be described as infinitely beautiful.

In 805 AD, after the death of Tang Dezong, Li Yu ascended the throne for Tang Shunzong.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the government was chaotic, the world withered, and everything was in ruins. Tang Shunzong, who had just ascended the throne, was determined to reform and was determined to sweep away this decadent atmosphere. He used the former crown prince to read Wang Shuwen, Wang Ling and other people who were known to reform maladministration, and began a reform called "Yongzhen Reform". Yoo Woo-seok, along with his good brother Yoo Jong-won, became the core figure of the Innovation Group.

But they did not expect that not only would this reform be quickly culled, but even Tang Shunzong would be forced to abdicate soon after. And the reformers were as tragic as the fate of this reform, Wang Shuwen died, and Wang Pi died of illness after being demoted. Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and other eight people were first demoted to Yuanzhou Thorn History, and then to Yuanzhou Sima.

At the same time, a total of eight people who were demoted to Yuanzhou Sima, plus the two kings, are known as the "Two Kings and Eight Sima Incident" in history.

This was a watershed in Liu Yuxi's life. Before that, he was in the temple, pointing out the country, and since then, he has traveled alone, with wind and rain on both shoulders.

The optimism that is more optimistic than "Rakuten".

Liu Yuxi's good friend Bai Juyi is Lotte, and it sounds like an optimist who laughs all day long. Liu Yuxi is an out-and-out optimist, the two have the same fate, and they are going farther and farther on the road of debasement, Liu Mengde also "bitterly" persuaded Bai Lotian - to learn to be an optimist.

Bai Juyi once called himself "Jiangzhou Sima" in "Pipa Xing", Sima Kong in the Tang Dynasty had rank but no real power, and it has always been a place to arrange degraded officials. And the place where Liu Yuxi was demoted is Langzhou, which is even more remote and wild than Bai Juyi's Jiangzhou.

Liu Yuxi has been in Langzhou for ten years.

The land of the Southern Barbarians was difficult, and in the face of the same situation, Bai Juyi, who was demoted to Jiangzhou, said:

In the meantime, what did you hear in the twilight? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape screams.

Liu Zongyuan, who was demoted to Yongzhou, said:

Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of people disappear. Lonely boat, fishing alone in the cold river and snow.

But what about Liu Yuxi? He wrote one of the happiest autumn poems during his time in Langzhou:

Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely, and I say that autumn is better than spring. As soon as the cranes line the clouds in the clear sky, it will lead poetry to the blue sky.

The bleak autumn wind is heartbreaking, the end of the world is lonely, the remote and bitter cold, when others will be sad and write a special book. He grinned: When I went out today, the autumn was high and refreshing, the world was vast, and my mood broke through the sky like a white crane, and I was very happy.

This poem was selected into the teaching materials and was widely sung. In fact, Liu Yuxi wrote two "Autumn Words" at the same time, and the second one is even crazier:

The mountains and waters are clear and frosty at night, and several trees are dark red and light yellow. Try to go up to a high-rise building to clear your bones, how can it be like a spring madness.

These two poems of "Autumn Words" have the same theme, each written on one side, which can be independent chapters and complement each other. One praises the autumn atmosphere, and the other sings the autumn color. Spring is pleasing with its beauty, and autumn is known for its style. The scenery moves with the people, the color is emotional, the autumn is praised for the beauty of the noble ambition, and the autumn color is praised for the innocence of the sentiment. Liu Yuxi secretly praised himself by praising the autumn scene: I am of noble character and a man of letters.

The culture of the Yellow River gives birth to the background color of poetry

The experience of being demoted to Langzhou allowed Liu Yuxi to achieve self-transcendence and move towards a real poet life.

In 815 AD, news came from the imperial court and summoned Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and others back to Beijing. But Liu Yuxi is still the indignant poet, writing poems and scolding people without mercy, and immediately after returning to Chang'an, he waved his pen and wrote, "Drama Gift to the Gentlemen Who Saw Flowers" cloud:

Zimo red dust is blowing on his face, and no one is looking at the flowers.

The peach trees in the Xuandu Temple are all planted after Liu Lang goes.

Soon, because of this song "The Gentlemen Who Gave Flowers to the Flowers", Liu Yuxi was demoted again.

In 826 AD, Liu Yuxi finally got the opportunity to return to Beijing. The poet still did not change his heroic nature, and when he returned to Chang'an, the first place Liu Yuxi went to was Xuandu Temple, which was the place where he wrote "All Liu Lang went to plant", and he wrote a poem "Revisiting Xuandu View":

百亩庭中半是苔，桃花净尽菜花开。

Where is the Taoist priest who planted peaches? Liu Lang came again today.

Yongzhen renewed, did he regret it? In the face of slander and court blows, he did not give in at all, some were just optimistic in the predicament but not moved, and some were just inspirational and high-spirited.

For a writer and a poet, the so-called hometown often gives birth to the background of his poetry. The culture of the Yellow River is the background color of Liu Yuxi's poetry.

Overlooking Zhongyue Song Mountain in the south, bordering the Yellow River in the north, Xingyang has been known as "the belt of two Beijings and the throat of three Qin" since ancient times. Liu Yuxi's ancestor entered Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen, starting from his great-grandfather, he was buried in Xingyang Tanshan Plain, and at the same time built a house in Xingyang, purchased fields, and settled his home here. When Liu Yuxi was over the age of six, he also said that "the family is in Xingshang, and he occupies Luoyang", and finally his burial place is also in Xingyang, sleeping with the Jiuqu Yellow River.

Liu Yuxi's poetic style is also like the surging Yellow River, heroic and vigorous, sometimes sad and heavy, but not decadent, but also tenacious, awe-inspiring. The long-term ordeal has made Liu Yuxi's poems reveal the wisdom of the philosopher, with deep emotion, profound thoughts, and intriguing words.

In the Central Plains, Liu Yuxi drew inspiration from the Yellow River, perhaps because the Yellow River culture soaked in the background of life, his poems and life are so wonderful. (Reporter Peng Qianya)

Editor in charge: Jia Qian

Forward: Sun Yan

Review: Hao Lin